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Lead (Pb) is one of the most toxic elements on earth. The main origins of Pb pollution are automobiles, paint and electroplating industries. Pb-induced stress has very toxic effects on plant growth and biomass. The concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells significantly increases under Pb stress, which interrupts the biochemical cycles in cells and leads to cell death. Therefore, it is essential to clean up the Pb-polluted soils. Among all techniques that are used to clean soil that is metal-contaminated, the best technique is phytoremediation. The present study intends to determine the role of citric acid (CA) and glutathione (GSH) in the phytoremediation of Pb by using castor bean plants. Plant biomass was significantly reduced due to Pb stress. Lead toxicity was also harmful to the photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes activities. In reverse, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2 concentration and electrolyte leakage (EL) were increased under Pb stress. The combined application of GSH and CA enhanced photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzyme activities and plant biomass and minimized MDA, H2O2 and EL under Pb stress. The amount of Pb in roots and leaves remarkably increased by the joint application of CA and GSH. The combined application of CA and GSH (5 mM + 25 mM, respectively) was proven to be beneficial compared to the control. From the present results, we can conclude that the combined application of CA and GSH promoted the phytoremediation of Pb and helped the host plant to combat Pb toxicity.
Fanrong Zeng; Zahid Mallhi; Naeem Khan; Muhammad Rizwan; Shafaqat Ali; Awais Ahmad; Afzal Hussain; Abdulaziz Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. Combined Citric Acid and Glutathione Augments Lead (Pb) Stress Tolerance and Phytoremediation of Castorbean through Antioxidant Machinery and Pb Uptake. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4073 .
AMA StyleFanrong Zeng, Zahid Mallhi, Naeem Khan, Muhammad Rizwan, Shafaqat Ali, Awais Ahmad, Afzal Hussain, Abdulaziz Alsahli, Mohammed Alyemeni. Combined Citric Acid and Glutathione Augments Lead (Pb) Stress Tolerance and Phytoremediation of Castorbean through Antioxidant Machinery and Pb Uptake. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):4073.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFanrong Zeng; Zahid Mallhi; Naeem Khan; Muhammad Rizwan; Shafaqat Ali; Awais Ahmad; Afzal Hussain; Abdulaziz Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. 2021. "Combined Citric Acid and Glutathione Augments Lead (Pb) Stress Tolerance and Phytoremediation of Castorbean through Antioxidant Machinery and Pb Uptake." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 4073.
The extensive use of lithium (Li) ion-based batteries has increased the contamination of soil and water systems due to widespread dispersal of Li products in the environment. In the current study, the influence of Li application on soil fertility and leachate was observed. Three soil samples were collected and five treatments of Li (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/L) were applied. After three months of Li treatment, leachate was collected and soil samples were subjected to physical and chemical analyses. The results showed that the mean values of soil pH were increased slightly after Li application while electrical conductivity (EC) ranged from 1.2 to 5.1 µS/cm, indicating that soil was slightly saline in nature. The sodium was observed to be greater than the recommended values (0.3–0.7 mg/kg) in Li-amended soil while calcium and magnesium values decreased in soils compared to untreated soil. Mean values of phosphorus and potassium were greater before Li application and reduced considerably after Li application. Leachate analysis showed that all the parameters differed significantly except those of zinc and iron. The EC of leachate samples ranged from 2286–7188 µS/cm, which shows strong salinity. The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) ranged from 1–11, which indicates that it falls into the marginal soil category. Lithium concentration in leachate samples ranged from 0–95 mg/L, which was significantly higher than the acceptable value for lithium (2.5 mg/L) in leachate. A soil sample (3) with an additional 10% organic matter showed that after Li application, the loss of nutrients in leachate was less as compared to the other two samples, demonstrating that organic matter improved soil conditions and suppressed the negative effects of Li on soil. Our results could raise concerns about risks in situations where food and fodder crops are associated with Li-contaminated waste disposal.
Muhammad Hayyat; Rab Nawaz; Zafar Siddiq; Muhammad Shakoor; Maira Mushtaq; Sajid Ahmad; Shafaqat Ali; Afzal Hussain; Muhammad Irshad; Abdulaziz Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. Investigation of Lithium Application and Effect of Organic Matter on Soil Health. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1705 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Hayyat, Rab Nawaz, Zafar Siddiq, Muhammad Shakoor, Maira Mushtaq, Sajid Ahmad, Shafaqat Ali, Afzal Hussain, Muhammad Irshad, Abdulaziz Alsahli, Mohammed Alyemeni. Investigation of Lithium Application and Effect of Organic Matter on Soil Health. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):1705.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Hayyat; Rab Nawaz; Zafar Siddiq; Muhammad Shakoor; Maira Mushtaq; Sajid Ahmad; Shafaqat Ali; Afzal Hussain; Muhammad Irshad; Abdulaziz Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. 2021. "Investigation of Lithium Application and Effect of Organic Matter on Soil Health." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 1705.
Recently nanoparticles (NPs) are ubiquitous in the environment because they have unique characteristics which are the reason of their wide use in various fields. The release of NPs into various environmental compartments mainly ends up in the soil through water bodies which is a serious threat to living things especially plants. When present in soil, NPs may cause toxicity in plants which increase significance to minimize NPs stress in plants. Although gibberellic acid (GA) is one of the phytohormones that has the potential to alleviate abiotic/biotic stresses in crops plant, GA-mediated alleviation of cerium oxide (CeO2) NPs in plants is still unknown, despite the large-scale application of CeO2-NPs in various fields. The present study was performed to highlight the ability of foliar-applied GA in reducing CeO2-NPs toxicity in wheat under soil exposure of CeO2-NPs. We observed that CeO2-NPs alone adversely affected the dry weights, chlorophyll contents, and nutrients and caused oxidative stress in plants, thereby reducing plant yield. GA coupled with CeO2-NPs reversed the changes caused by CeO2-NPs alone as indicated by the increase in plant growth, chlorophylls, nutrients, and yield. Furthermore, GA alleviated the oxidative stress in plants by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities under CeO2-NPs exposure than the NPs alone which further provided the evidence of reduction in oxidative damage in plants by GA. Overall, evaluating the potential of GA in reducing CeO2-NPs toxicity in wheat could provide important information for improving food safety under CeO2-NPs exposure.
Azka Iftikhar; Muhammad Rizwan; Muhammad Adrees; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman; Muhammad Farooq Qayyum; Afzal Hussain. Effect of gibberellic acid on growth, biomass, and antioxidant defense system of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under cerium oxide nanoparticle stress. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, 27, 33809 -33820.
AMA StyleAzka Iftikhar, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Adrees, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman, Muhammad Farooq Qayyum, Afzal Hussain. Effect of gibberellic acid on growth, biomass, and antioxidant defense system of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under cerium oxide nanoparticle stress. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; 27 (27):33809-33820.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAzka Iftikhar; Muhammad Rizwan; Muhammad Adrees; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman; Muhammad Farooq Qayyum; Afzal Hussain. 2020. "Effect of gibberellic acid on growth, biomass, and antioxidant defense system of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under cerium oxide nanoparticle stress." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 27: 33809-33820.
Heavy metal contamination is currently a major environmental concern, as most agricultural land is being polluted from municipal discharge. Among various other pollutants, cadmium (Cd), one of the most harmful heavy metals, enters into the food chain through the irrigation of crops with an industrial effluent. In the present study, a pot experiment was designed to assess the effect of different nitrogen (N)-fertilizer forms in the phytoremediation of Cd through Solanum nigrum L. Two types of N fertilizers (NH4NO3 and urea) were applied to the soil in different ratios (0:0, 100:0, 0:100, and 50:50 of NH4NO3 and urea, individually) along with different Cd levels (0, 25, and 50 mg kg−1). The plants were harvested 70 days after sowing the seeds in pots. Cadmium contamination significantly inhibited the growth of leaves and roots of S. nigrum plants. Cadmium contamination also induced oxidative stress; however, the application of N-fertilizers increased the plant biomass by inhibiting oxidative stress and enhancing antioxidants’ enzymatic activities. The greatest plant growth was observed in the urea-treated plants compared with the NH4NO3-treated plants. In addition, urea-fed plants also accumulated higher Cd concentrations than NH4NO3-fed plants. It is concluded that urea is helpful for better growth of S. nigrum under Cd stress. Thus, an optimum concentration of N-fertilizers might be effective in the phytoremediation of heavy metals through S. nigrum.
Arosha Maqbool; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Muhammad Saleem Arif; Tahira Yasmeen; Muhammad Riaz; Afzal Hussain; Shamaila Noreen; Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim; Saad Alkahtani. N-Fertilizer (Urea) Enhances the Phytoextraction of Cadmium through Solanum nigrum L. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 3850 .
AMA StyleArosha Maqbool, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Saleem Arif, Tahira Yasmeen, Muhammad Riaz, Afzal Hussain, Shamaila Noreen, Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim, Saad Alkahtani. N-Fertilizer (Urea) Enhances the Phytoextraction of Cadmium through Solanum nigrum L. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (11):3850.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArosha Maqbool; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Muhammad Saleem Arif; Tahira Yasmeen; Muhammad Riaz; Afzal Hussain; Shamaila Noreen; Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim; Saad Alkahtani. 2020. "N-Fertilizer (Urea) Enhances the Phytoextraction of Cadmium through Solanum nigrum L." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11: 3850.
Heavy metals are rapidly polluting the environment as a result of growing industrialization and urbanization. The presence of high concentrations of chromium (Cr), along with other pollutants, is widespread in tannery wastewater. In Pakistan, as a result of a severe shortage of irrigation water, farmers use tannery wastewater to grow various crops with a consequent decline in plants’ yield. This experiment was performed to assess growth revival in sunflower plants irrigated with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% tannery wastewater, by foliar application of 0, 2.5, and 5.0 mM citric acid (CA). The wastewater treatment curtailed biomass accumulation, the growth rate, and chlorophyll contents by exacerbating the oxidative stress in sunflowers. Foliar application of CA considerably alleviated the outcomes of Cr toxicity by curbing the Cr absorption and oxidative damage, leading to improvements in plant growth, biological yield, and chlorophyll contents. It is concluded that foliar application of CA can successfully mitigate the Cr toxicity in sunflower plants irrigated with tannery wastewater.
Ali Imran Mallhi; Shahzad Ali Shahid Chatha; Abdullah Ijaz Hussain; Muhammad Rizwan; Syed Asad Hussain Bukhar; Afzal Hussain; Zahid Imran Mallhi; Shafaqat Ali; Abeer Hashem; Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. Citric Acid Assisted Phytoremediation of Chromium through Sunflower Plants Irrigated with Tannery Wastewater. Plants 2020, 9, 380 .
AMA StyleAli Imran Mallhi, Shahzad Ali Shahid Chatha, Abdullah Ijaz Hussain, Muhammad Rizwan, Syed Asad Hussain Bukhar, Afzal Hussain, Zahid Imran Mallhi, Shafaqat Ali, Abeer Hashem, Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, Parvaiz Ahmad. Citric Acid Assisted Phytoremediation of Chromium through Sunflower Plants Irrigated with Tannery Wastewater. Plants. 2020; 9 (3):380.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAli Imran Mallhi; Shahzad Ali Shahid Chatha; Abdullah Ijaz Hussain; Muhammad Rizwan; Syed Asad Hussain Bukhar; Afzal Hussain; Zahid Imran Mallhi; Shafaqat Ali; Abeer Hashem; Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2020. "Citric Acid Assisted Phytoremediation of Chromium through Sunflower Plants Irrigated with Tannery Wastewater." Plants 9, no. 3: 380.
Diesel oil is considered a very hazardous fuel due to its adverse effect on the aquatic ecosystem, so its remediation has become the focus of much attention. Taking this into consideration, the current study was conducted to explore the synergistic applications of both plant and bacteria for cleaning up of diesel oil contaminated water. We examined that the application of floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) is an economical and superlative choice for the treatment of diesel oil contaminated water. In this study, a pilot scale floating treatment wetlands system having diesel oil contaminated water (1% w/v), was adopted using Cyperus laevigatus L and a mixture of hydrocarbons degrading bacterial strains; viz., Acinetobacter sp.61KJ620863, Bacillus megaterium 65 KF478214, and Acinetobacter sp.82 KF478231. It was observed that consortium of hydrocarbons degrading bacteria improved the remediation of diesel oil in combination with Cyperus laevigatus L. Moreover, the performance of the FTWs was enhanced by colonization of bacterial strains in the root and shoot of Cyperus laevigatus L. Independently, the bacterial consortium and Cyperus laevigatus L exhibited 37.46% and 56.57% reduction in diesel oil, respectively, while 73.48% reduction in hydrocarbons was exhibited by the joint application of both plant and bacteria in FTWs. Furthermore, microbial inoculation improved the fresh biomass (11.62%), dry biomass (33.33%), and height (18.05%) of plants. Fish toxicity assay evaluated the effectiveness of FTWs by showing the extent of improvement in the water quality to a level that became safe for living organisms. The study therefore concluded that Cyperus laevigatus L augmented with hydrocarbons degrading bacterial consortium exhibited a remarkable ability to decontaminate the diesel oil from water and could enhance the FTWs performance.
Muhammad Fahid; Shafaqat Ali; Ghulam Shabir; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Tahira Yasmeen; Muhammad Afzal; Muhammad Arslan; Afzal Hussain; Abeer Hashem; Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. Cyperus laevigatus L. Enhances Diesel Oil Remediation in Synergism with Bacterial Inoculation in Floating Treatment Wetlands. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2353 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Fahid, Shafaqat Ali, Ghulam Shabir, Sajid Rashid Ahmad, Tahira Yasmeen, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Arslan, Afzal Hussain, Abeer Hashem, Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, Parvaiz Ahmad. Cyperus laevigatus L. Enhances Diesel Oil Remediation in Synergism with Bacterial Inoculation in Floating Treatment Wetlands. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (6):2353.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Fahid; Shafaqat Ali; Ghulam Shabir; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Tahira Yasmeen; Muhammad Afzal; Muhammad Arslan; Afzal Hussain; Abeer Hashem; Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2020. "Cyperus laevigatus L. Enhances Diesel Oil Remediation in Synergism with Bacterial Inoculation in Floating Treatment Wetlands." Sustainability 12, no. 6: 2353.
Lead (Pb) toxicity has a great impact in terms of toxicity towards living organisms as it severely affects crop growth, yield, and food security; thus, warranting appropriate measures for the remediation of Pb polluted soils. Phytoextraction of heavy metals (HMs) using tolerant plants along with organic chelators has gained global attention. Thus, this study examines the possible influence of citric acid (CA) on unveiling the potential phytoextraction of Pb by using castor beans. For this purpose, different levels of Pb (0, 300, 600 mg kg−1 of soil) and CA (0, 2.5, and 5 mM) were supplied alone and in all possible combinations. The results indicate that elevated levels of Pb (especially 600 mg kg−1 soil) induce oxidative stress, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malanodialdehyde (MDA) production in plants. The Pb stress reduces the photosynthetic traits (chlorophyll and gas exchange parameters) in the tissues of plants (leaves and roots), which ultimately lead to a reduction in growth as well as biomass. Enzyme activities such as guaiacol peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase are also linearly increased in a dose-dependent manner under Pb stress. The exogenous application of CA reduced the Pb toxicity in plants by improving photosynthesis and, ultimately, plant growth. The upsurge in antioxidants against oxidative stress shows the potential of CA-treated castor beans plants to counteract stress injuries by lowering H2O2 and MDA levels. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that CA treatments play a promising role in increasing the uptake of Pb and reducing its phytotoxicity. These outcomes recommend that CA application could be an effective approach for the phytoextraction of Pb from polluted soils by growing castor beans.
Zahid Imran Mallhi; Muhammad Rizwan; Asim Mansha; Qasim Ali; Sadia Asim; Shafaqat Ali; Afzal Hussain; Salman H. Alrokayan; Haseeb A. Khan; Pravej Alam; Parvaiz Ahmad. Citric Acid Enhances Plant Growth, Photosynthesis, and Phytoextraction of Lead by Alleviating the Oxidative Stress in Castor Beans. Plants 2019, 8, 525 .
AMA StyleZahid Imran Mallhi, Muhammad Rizwan, Asim Mansha, Qasim Ali, Sadia Asim, Shafaqat Ali, Afzal Hussain, Salman H. Alrokayan, Haseeb A. Khan, Pravej Alam, Parvaiz Ahmad. Citric Acid Enhances Plant Growth, Photosynthesis, and Phytoextraction of Lead by Alleviating the Oxidative Stress in Castor Beans. Plants. 2019; 8 (11):525.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZahid Imran Mallhi; Muhammad Rizwan; Asim Mansha; Qasim Ali; Sadia Asim; Shafaqat Ali; Afzal Hussain; Salman H. Alrokayan; Haseeb A. Khan; Pravej Alam; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2019. "Citric Acid Enhances Plant Growth, Photosynthesis, and Phytoextraction of Lead by Alleviating the Oxidative Stress in Castor Beans." Plants 8, no. 11: 525.
Excess amount of cadmium (Cd) in arable soils and shortage of good quality water are the major abiotic factors affecting the crop yield which needs immediate solution to feed the increasing population worldwide. Recently, nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in various industries including agriculture which is due to the unique properties of NPs. Among NPs, iron (Fe) NPs might be used to alleviate the abiotic stresses in crops but limited informations are available in the literature about the role of Fe-NPs in crops under metal stress. The present study was designed to highlight the efficiency of Fe-NPs on Cd accumulation in Cd and drought-stressed wheat. Wheat plants were grown in Cd-contaminated soil after the supply of different levels of Fe-NPs and two water regimes were introduced in the soil in latter growth stages of the plants. Cadmium and drought stress negatively affected the wheat photosynthesis, yield and caused oxidative stress in leaves with excess accumulation of Cd in grains and other plant tissues. The NPs improved the photosynthesis, yield, Fe concentrations and diminished the Cd concentrations in tissues. The NPs alleviated the oxidative stress in leaves and the efficiency depends on the NPs concentrations applied in the soil. The results obtained indicated that Fe-NPs may be employed aiming to get wheat grains with excess Fe and decreased Cd contents. However, field investigations with various sizes, shapes and levels of NPs are needed before final recommendations to the farmers.
Muhammad Adrees; Zahra Saeed Khan; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Hafeez; Sofia Khalid; Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman; Afzal Hussain; Khalid Hussain; Shahzad Ali Shahid Chatha; Muhammad Rizwan. Simultaneous mitigation of cadmium and drought stress in wheat by soil application of iron nanoparticles. Chemosphere 2019, 238, 124681 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Adrees, Zahra Saeed Khan, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Hafeez, Sofia Khalid, Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman, Afzal Hussain, Khalid Hussain, Shahzad Ali Shahid Chatha, Muhammad Rizwan. Simultaneous mitigation of cadmium and drought stress in wheat by soil application of iron nanoparticles. Chemosphere. 2019; 238 ():124681.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Adrees; Zahra Saeed Khan; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Hafeez; Sofia Khalid; Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman; Afzal Hussain; Khalid Hussain; Shahzad Ali Shahid Chatha; Muhammad Rizwan. 2019. "Simultaneous mitigation of cadmium and drought stress in wheat by soil application of iron nanoparticles." Chemosphere 238, no. : 124681.
Global warming has been increasing manifold in recent times, and this may cause tremendous economic losses in the near future. Recently, heat stress is considered one of the major constraints affecting crop growth and yield at world level. Heat stress reduced the plant growth, photosynthesis, mineral nutrients, and yield attributes. Heat stress caused both ultrastructural alterations and oxidative stress in different parts of plants. Plants can tolerate certain levels of heat stress by maintaining membrane stability, adjusting antioxidants and compatible solutes, and scavenging reactive oxygen species. Heat tolerance in plants can be improved by selecting heat-tolerant cultivars, genetic engineering, and exogenous application of osmolytes, microbes, mineral nutrients, soil amendments, and proper agricultural practices. This review is devoted to discuss the plants’ physiological and biochemical responses to heat stress and various integrated approaches to improve heat stress tolerance in plants.
Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Muhammad Saleem Arif; Rehan Ahmad; Mirza Hasanuzzaman; Basharat Ali; Afzal Hussain. Approaches in Enhancing Thermotolerance in Plants: An Updated Review. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 2019, 39, 456 -480.
AMA StyleShafaqat Ali, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Saleem Arif, Rehan Ahmad, Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Basharat Ali, Afzal Hussain. Approaches in Enhancing Thermotolerance in Plants: An Updated Review. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. 2019; 39 (1):456-480.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Muhammad Saleem Arif; Rehan Ahmad; Mirza Hasanuzzaman; Basharat Ali; Afzal Hussain. 2019. "Approaches in Enhancing Thermotolerance in Plants: An Updated Review." Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 39, no. 1: 456-480.
The present study evaluated the physiological and biochemical mechanisms by which exogenous sodium hydrosulfide (H2S donor) mitigates chromium (Cr) stress in cauliflower. Different levels of the Cr were (0, 10, 100, 200 μM). Results reported that Cr exposure reduced the growth and the biomass, chlorophylls content, the gas exchange parameters, and enzymatic antioxidants. Chromium stress enhanced the production of electrolyte leakage (EL), the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and increased Cr contents in roots, stem, leaf, and flowers. Exogenous H2S improved physiological and biochemical attributes of Cr‐stressed cauliflower. Hydrogen sulfide decreased Cr contents in different parts of Cr‐stressed plants whereas increased the chlorophyll contents and gas exchange attributes. H2S reduced the EL, H2O2, and MDA concentrations and enhancing the antioxidant enzymes activities in Cr‐stressed roots and leaves than the Cr treatments alone. Collectively, our results provide an insight into protective role of H2S in Cr‐stressed cauliflower and suggesting H2S as a potential candidate in reducing Cr toxicity in cauliflower and other crops. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Rehan Ahmad; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Muhammad Dawood; Mujahid Farid; Afzal Hussain; Leonard Wijaya; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. Hydrogen sulfide alleviates chromium stress on cauliflower by restricting its uptake and enhancing antioxidative system. Physiologia Plantarum 2019, 168, 289 -300.
AMA StyleRehan Ahmad, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Dawood, Mujahid Farid, Afzal Hussain, Leonard Wijaya, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, Parvaiz Ahmad. Hydrogen sulfide alleviates chromium stress on cauliflower by restricting its uptake and enhancing antioxidative system. Physiologia Plantarum. 2019; 168 (2):289-300.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRehan Ahmad; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Muhammad Dawood; Mujahid Farid; Afzal Hussain; Leonard Wijaya; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2019. "Hydrogen sulfide alleviates chromium stress on cauliflower by restricting its uptake and enhancing antioxidative system." Physiologia Plantarum 168, no. 2: 289-300.
The application of silicon (Si) under heavy metal stress is well known, but the use of Si nanoparticles (NPs) under metal stress in not well documented. Thus, the experiments were performed to investigate the impacts of soil and foliar applied Si NPs on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth and cadmium (Cd) accumulation in grains under Cd toxicity. The plants were grown under natural environmental conditions and were harvested after physiological maturity (124 days after sowing). The results demonstrated that Si NPs significantly improved, relative to the control, the dry biomass of shoots, roots, spikes and grains by 24–69%, 14–59%, 34–87%, and 31–96% in foliar spray and by 10–51%, 11–49%, 25–69%, and 27–74% in soil applied Si NPs, respectively. The Si NPs enhanced the leaf gas exchange attributes and chlorophyll a and b concentrations, whereas diminished the oxidative stress in leaves which was indicated by the reduced electrolyte leakage and enhancement in superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities in leaf under Si NPs treatments over the control. When compared with the control, the foliar spray of Si NPs reduced the Cd contents in shoots, roots, and grains by 16–58%, 19–64%, and 20–82%, respectively, whereas soil applied Si NPs reduced the Cd concentrations in shoots, roots, and grains by 11–53%, 10–59%, and 22–83%, respectively. In comparison with the control, Si concentrations significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased in the shoots and roots in both foliar and soil supplementation of Si NPs. Our results suggested that Si NPs could improve the yield of wheat and more importantly, reduce the Cd concentrations in the grains. Thus, the use of Si NPs might be a feasible approach in controlling Cd entry into the human body via crops.
Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Afzal Hussain; Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman; Basharat Ali; Balal Yousaf; Leonard Wijaya; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. Silicon nanoparticles enhanced the growth and reduced the cadmium accumulation in grains of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 2019, 140, 1 -8.
AMA StyleShafaqat Ali, Muhammad Rizwan, Afzal Hussain, Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman, Basharat Ali, Balal Yousaf, Leonard Wijaya, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, Parvaiz Ahmad. Silicon nanoparticles enhanced the growth and reduced the cadmium accumulation in grains of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2019; 140 ():1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Afzal Hussain; Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman; Basharat Ali; Balal Yousaf; Leonard Wijaya; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2019. "Silicon nanoparticles enhanced the growth and reduced the cadmium accumulation in grains of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 140, no. : 1-8.
Due to the increase in area of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soils worldwide, effective measures are necessary to minimize the Cd accumulation in cereals including maize (Zea mays L.) plant. A study was therefore performed to explore the effectiveness of foliar spray of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle (NPs) alone (0, 50, 75, 100 mg/L) or combined with soil application of biochar (1.0% w/w) on biomass, antioxidant enzyme activity and Cd concentrations in maize plants grown on a Cd-contaminated soil. The results depicted that ZnO NPs alone or in combination with biochar improved the height of maize plants, number of leaves, shoot and roots dry biomass, chlorophyll concentrations and gas exchange attributes. All the amendments reduced the electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide contents while improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes in leaf and roots of maize over the control. The application of 50, 75 and 100 mg/L ZnO NPs reduced the Cd contents in shoots by about 12%, 23, and 61%, and in roots by 18%, 33%, and 53%, respectively, over the control. The Cd concentrations in shoot decreased by 15%, 28%, and 68% and in roots by 14%, 35, and 55% after biochar combined with foliar spray of 50, 75 and 100 mg/L ZnO NPs, respectively. All the amendments improved the Zn concentrations in maize shoots and roots whereas reduced the soil bioavailable Cd. Overall, biochar combined with foliar spray of ZnO NPs could be recommended for safely growing the crops on Cd-contaminated soils.
Muhammad Rizwan; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman; Muhammad Adrees; Muhammad Arshad; Muhammad Farooq Qayyum; Liaqat Ali; Afzal Hussain; Shahzad Ali Shahid Chatha; Muhammad Imran. Alleviation of cadmium accumulation in maize (Zea mays L.) by foliar spray of zinc oxide nanoparticles and biochar to contaminated soil. Environmental Pollution 2019, 248, 358 -367.
AMA StyleMuhammad Rizwan, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman, Muhammad Adrees, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Farooq Qayyum, Liaqat Ali, Afzal Hussain, Shahzad Ali Shahid Chatha, Muhammad Imran. Alleviation of cadmium accumulation in maize (Zea mays L.) by foliar spray of zinc oxide nanoparticles and biochar to contaminated soil. Environmental Pollution. 2019; 248 ():358-367.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Rizwan; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman; Muhammad Adrees; Muhammad Arshad; Muhammad Farooq Qayyum; Liaqat Ali; Afzal Hussain; Shahzad Ali Shahid Chatha; Muhammad Imran. 2019. "Alleviation of cadmium accumulation in maize (Zea mays L.) by foliar spray of zinc oxide nanoparticles and biochar to contaminated soil." Environmental Pollution 248, no. : 358-367.
The present study demonstrated the possible impacts of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe NPs) on the alleviation of toxic effects of cadmium (Cd) in wheat and enhance its growth, yield, and Fe biofortification. A pot experiment was conducted in historically Cd-contaminated soil using five levels of Fe NPs (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 ppm) by soil and foliar application methods. The plants were harvested after 125 days of growth while vegetative parameters, antioxidant capacity, electrolyte leakage (EL) in leaves as well as Cd, and Fe concentrations in wheat grains, roots, and shoots were measured. The results showed that the application of Fe NPs mitigated the Cd toxicity on wheat growth and yield parameters. The exogenous application of Fe NPs enhanced the wheat morphological parameters, photosynthetic pigments, and dry biomass of shoots, roots, spike husks and grains. The activities of super oxide dismutase and peroxidase increased, whereas EL reduced from wheat leaves over control. The Cd concentrations were reduced in wheat tissues and grains whereas Fe concentrations increased with Fe NPs application in a dose-additive manner. The current work suggested that the application of Fe NPs on wheat in Cd-contaminated soils could be employed to improve growth, yield and Fe biofortification as well as reduction in Cd concentrations in plants.
Afzal Hussain; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman; Muhammad Farooq Qayyum; Hailong Wang; Jörg Rinklebe. Responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum) plants grown in a Cd contaminated soil to the application of iron oxide nanoparticles. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2019, 173, 156 -164.
AMA StyleAfzal Hussain, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman, Muhammad Farooq Qayyum, Hailong Wang, Jörg Rinklebe. Responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum) plants grown in a Cd contaminated soil to the application of iron oxide nanoparticles. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2019; 173 ():156-164.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAfzal Hussain; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman; Muhammad Farooq Qayyum; Hailong Wang; Jörg Rinklebe. 2019. "Responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum) plants grown in a Cd contaminated soil to the application of iron oxide nanoparticles." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 173, no. : 156-164.
Cadmium (Cd) is among the non-essential elements for the growth of crops while silicon (Si) is a beneficial element for plant growth. There is little evidence regarding the use of silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) on the reduction of Cd accumulation in crops especially wheat. The present study determined the impact of seed priming with Si NPs on Cd-induced responses in wheat in terms of growth, yield, photosynthesis, oxidative stress, and Si and Cd accumulation in wheat. Seed priming was done by different levels of Si NPs (0, 300, 600, 900, 1200 mg/L) for 24 h by providing continuous aeration. Afterwards, seeds were sown in soil contaminated with Cd. The results depicted that Si NPs positively affected the wheat growth and chlorophyll contents over the control. The Si NPs diminished the oxidative stress and positively affected the antioxidant enzyme activity. The Si NPs decreased the Cd concentrations in wheat, especially in grains, and increased the Si concentrations in plants. The Si NPs reduced the Cd contents by 10–52% in shoot, by 11–60% in roots, and by 12–75% in grains as compared with respective controls. The study suggested that the use of Si NPs may be a tool for reducing the Cd toxicity in wheat and declining its concentration in grains. Thus, Si NPs application by seed priming method might be helpful in increasing plants biomass and yield while reducing the oxidative stress and Cd uptake in wheat grains.
Afzal Hussain; Muhammad Rizwan; Qasim Ali; Shafaqat Ali. Seed priming with silicon nanoparticles improved the biomass and yield while reduced the oxidative stress and cadmium concentration in wheat grains. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2019, 26, 7579 -7588.
AMA StyleAfzal Hussain, Muhammad Rizwan, Qasim Ali, Shafaqat Ali. Seed priming with silicon nanoparticles improved the biomass and yield while reduced the oxidative stress and cadmium concentration in wheat grains. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2019; 26 (8):7579-7588.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAfzal Hussain; Muhammad Rizwan; Qasim Ali; Shafaqat Ali. 2019. "Seed priming with silicon nanoparticles improved the biomass and yield while reduced the oxidative stress and cadmium concentration in wheat grains." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 8: 7579-7588.
Phytoremediation is an important technique to remove heavy metals from contaminated soils due to its efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The present study was conducted to assess the synergistic role of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and citric acid (CA) in improving the phyto-extraction of chromium (Cr) by sunflower. Sunflower plants were grown in soil, spiked with different concentrations of Cr (0, 5, 10, 20 mg kg-1). Various concentrations of 5-ALA (0, 10, 20 mg L-1) and CA (0, 2.5, 5 mM) were applied exogenously at juvenile stage. A significant decrease was observed in biomass and agronomic traits of sunflower under Cr stress alone. Further, Cr toxicity significantly decreased the plant growth, soluble proteins and photosynthetic pigments. However, exogenously applied ALA and CA significantly improved the plants' physiological as well as agronomic attributes by lowering the production of reactive oxygen species and reducing electrolyte leakage. Moreover, Cr uptake was increased with increasing concentration of Cr in spiked soil, which was further enhanced by combined application of ALA and CA.
Mujahid Farid; Shafaqat Ali; Rashid Saeed; Muhammad Rizwan; Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari; Ghulam Hassan Abbasi; Afzal Hussain; Basharat Ali; Muhammad Shahid Ibni Zamir; Irfan Ahmad. Combined application of citric acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid improved biomass, photosynthesis and gas exchange attributes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) grown on chromium contaminated soil. International Journal of Phytoremediation 2019, 21, 760 -767.
AMA StyleMujahid Farid, Shafaqat Ali, Rashid Saeed, Muhammad Rizwan, Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari, Ghulam Hassan Abbasi, Afzal Hussain, Basharat Ali, Muhammad Shahid Ibni Zamir, Irfan Ahmad. Combined application of citric acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid improved biomass, photosynthesis and gas exchange attributes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) grown on chromium contaminated soil. International Journal of Phytoremediation. 2019; 21 (8):760-767.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMujahid Farid; Shafaqat Ali; Rashid Saeed; Muhammad Rizwan; Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari; Ghulam Hassan Abbasi; Afzal Hussain; Basharat Ali; Muhammad Shahid Ibni Zamir; Irfan Ahmad. 2019. "Combined application of citric acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid improved biomass, photosynthesis and gas exchange attributes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) grown on chromium contaminated soil." International Journal of Phytoremediation 21, no. 8: 760-767.
Plants are exposed to various biotic and abiotic stresses, including heavy metals stress. Soil contamination due to heavy metals is a big environmental issue that impacts the deterioration of the environment and food quality. Phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly and cost-effective technique to address the problem of contaminated soil due to heavy metals. Among various heavy metals, cadmium (Cd) is very toxic to plants. Cadmium uptake reduces plant growth, root and shoot lengths, fresh and dry masses, chlorophyll contents, and gas exchange attributes. Also, Cd lowers seed germination and availability of essential nutrients, which results in lower yield and quality of the grains in cereals. Antioxidant enzymes play an important role in the defense mechanism of plants against reactive oxygen species (ROS) under heavy metal stress. Cadmium toxicity inhibits plant growth by stimulating ROS, which triggers certain alterations to antioxidant enzymes, and disturbs the normal functionality of physical and biochemical processes.
Afzal Hussain; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman; Tahira Yasmeen; Malik Tahir Hayat; Iqbal Hussain; Qasim Ali; Syed Makhdoom Hussain. Morphological and Physiological Responses of Plants to Cadmium Toxicity. Cadmium Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants 2019, 47 -72.
AMA StyleAfzal Hussain, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman, Tahira Yasmeen, Malik Tahir Hayat, Iqbal Hussain, Qasim Ali, Syed Makhdoom Hussain. Morphological and Physiological Responses of Plants to Cadmium Toxicity. Cadmium Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants. 2019; ():47-72.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAfzal Hussain; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman; Tahira Yasmeen; Malik Tahir Hayat; Iqbal Hussain; Qasim Ali; Syed Makhdoom Hussain. 2019. "Morphological and Physiological Responses of Plants to Cadmium Toxicity." Cadmium Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants , no. : 47-72.
A pot experiment was performed to examine the role of foliar applied mannitol (M) in chromium (Cr) stress alleviation in different maize cultivars. Two maize cultivars, one tolerant (6103) and one sensitive (9108) to chromium stress, were grown in soil treated with three concentrations of Cr (0, 5, and 10 mg kg−1) and three levels of mannitol (0, 50, and 100 mg L−1). Chromium stress decreased the overall growth of plants by reducing the plant height, root/shoot dry weight, chlorophyll contents, and enzymatic activities, while exacerbated the severity of reactive oxygen species in both maize cultivars. Chromium-induced reduction in growth attributes of maize plants was relatively higher in sensitive cultivar than that of tolerant one. Uptake of Cr by the plants and its translocation from roots to shoots increased with increasing concentration in the soil. However, foliar application of mannitol significantly alleviated the Cr stress and improved growth, biomass, and photosynthetic pigments of maize plants. Mannitol also considerably reduced Cr contents in leaves and roots of both cultivars. Hence, it is concluded that mannitol can be helpful for crops grown on heavy metal, especially Cr, contaminated soils for remediation purpose.
Ume Habiba; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Muhammad Ibrahim; Afzal Hussain; Muhammad Rizwan Shahid; Saud Alamri; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. Alleviative role of exogenously applied mannitol in maize cultivars differing in chromium stress tolerance. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2019, 26, 5111 -5121.
AMA StyleUme Habiba, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Ibrahim, Afzal Hussain, Muhammad Rizwan Shahid, Saud Alamri, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, Parvaiz Ahmad. Alleviative role of exogenously applied mannitol in maize cultivars differing in chromium stress tolerance. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2019; 26 (5):5111-5121.
Chicago/Turabian StyleUme Habiba; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Muhammad Ibrahim; Afzal Hussain; Muhammad Rizwan Shahid; Saud Alamri; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2019. "Alleviative role of exogenously applied mannitol in maize cultivars differing in chromium stress tolerance." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 5: 5111-5121.
Phytoextraction of zinc, copper, lead, iron, and nickel from landfill leachate by duckweed (L. minor) was investigated every 3 days over a period of 2 weeks. Bioconcentration factor and removal efficiency were also calculated. Results of this study proved that L. minor significantly reduced the concentration of heavy metals in landfill leachate. Removal efficiency of L. minor, for all the metals, from landfill leachate was more than 70% with the maximum value for copper (91%). Reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) was observed by 39% and 47%, respectively. However, other physiochemical parameters like pH, total suspended solids, (TSS) and total dissolved solids (TDS) were reduced by 13%, 33%, and 41%, respectively. The value of bioconcentration factor (BCF) was less than 1 with the maximum figure for copper (0.84) and lead (0.81), showing that the plant is a moderate accumulator for these heavy metals. Duckweed (L. minor) appeared as a sustainable alternative candidate and is recommended for the treatment of landfill leachate waste water contaminants.
M. K. Daud; Shafaqat Ali; Zohaib Abbas; Ihsan Zaheer; Muhammad Ahsan Riaz; Afifa Malik; Afzal Hussain; Muhammad Rizwan; Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman; Shui Jin Zhu. Potential of Duckweed (Lemna minor) for the Phytoremediation of Landfill Leachate. Journal of Chemistry 2018, 2018, 1 -9.
AMA StyleM. K. Daud, Shafaqat Ali, Zohaib Abbas, Ihsan Zaheer, Muhammad Ahsan Riaz, Afifa Malik, Afzal Hussain, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman, Shui Jin Zhu. Potential of Duckweed (Lemna minor) for the Phytoremediation of Landfill Leachate. Journal of Chemistry. 2018; 2018 ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. K. Daud; Shafaqat Ali; Zohaib Abbas; Ihsan Zaheer; Muhammad Ahsan Riaz; Afifa Malik; Afzal Hussain; Muhammad Rizwan; Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman; Shui Jin Zhu. 2018. "Potential of Duckweed (Lemna minor) for the Phytoremediation of Landfill Leachate." Journal of Chemistry 2018, no. : 1-9.
Heavy metal (HM) contamination of the environment is a serious threat to sustainable crop production. Among the HMs, chromium (Cr) is one of the most toxic HMs that is known to negatively affect growth and metabolic activities of diverse crop plants. The present study was designed to investigate the ameliorative role of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) under Cr stress in two maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars showing differential sensitivity to Cr tolerance. ALA is a biosynthesis precursor and it has a dominant regulatory effect related to physiological, respiratory, and photosynthesis processes in various plant species. Three concentrations of Cr (0, 5, and 10 mg kg−1) were tested under the graded levels of ALA application (0, 12.5, and 25 mg L−1). The results indicated that Cr stress differentially reduced plant growth attributes, gas exchange characteristics, photosynthetic pigments, and biomass in both the cultivars. Oxidative stress increased as evidenced in the form of electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation in plants. The anti-oxidative enzyme activities, that is, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) both in the leaves and roots of maize cultivars decreased due to Cr stress. The concentration of Cr increased in roots and shoots of maize under Cr levels without ALA. Under Cr stress, ALA exogenous application markedly enhanced plant growth, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange capacity, and biomass. Furthermore, ALA application decreased the Cr-induced oxidative stress in maize cultivars by improving the activities of CAT, POD, and SOD in plants. After ALA application, the Cr concentrations and total Cr uptake by plants differently decreased in both cultivars. The 6103 cultivar of maize was found to be a tolerant cultivar against Cr stress due to its strong defensive system with a higher rate of antioxidant enzyme activities. On the other hand, the other maize cultivar (9108) was found to be a sensitive cultivar against Cr stress due to its weak defense system with higher contents of reactive oxygen species. These findings suggest that ALA can play a regulatory role in maintaining optimum plant growth and efficient photosynthetic processes under Cr-challenged habitats in maize. Thus, ALA application may be used as a sustainable remedial strategy to alleviate Cr-induced stress in maize cultivars.
Ume Habiba; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Muhammad Bilal Hussain; Afzal Hussain; Pravej Alam; Abdulaziz Alqarawi; Abeer Hashem; Elsayed Abd_Allah. The Ameliorative Role of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA) Under Cr Stress in Two Maize Cultivars Showing Differential Sensitivity to Cr Stress Tolerance. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 2018, 38, 788 -798.
AMA StyleUme Habiba, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Bilal Hussain, Afzal Hussain, Pravej Alam, Abdulaziz Alqarawi, Abeer Hashem, Elsayed Abd_Allah. The Ameliorative Role of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA) Under Cr Stress in Two Maize Cultivars Showing Differential Sensitivity to Cr Stress Tolerance. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. 2018; 38 (3):788-798.
Chicago/Turabian StyleUme Habiba; Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Muhammad Bilal Hussain; Afzal Hussain; Pravej Alam; Abdulaziz Alqarawi; Abeer Hashem; Elsayed Abd_Allah. 2018. "The Ameliorative Role of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA) Under Cr Stress in Two Maize Cultivars Showing Differential Sensitivity to Cr Stress Tolerance." Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 38, no. 3: 788-798.
Plants face different types of biotic and abiotic stresses during their life span. Heavy metal (HM) stress is considered as one of the most challenging and emerging threats to sustainable agricultural development and overall economic yield of various plant species. Increasing levels of HMs in arable soils is a main environmental issue due to their deleterious effects on plant growth and productivity. The exogenous application of different plant growth regulators is a well-known strategy to alleviate the adverse effects of HMs stress on plants. In the present review, the role of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in the alleviation of HM stress in different plants is elaborated. 5-Aminolevulinic acid is identified as a highly efficient ameliorating agent to sustainably neutralize the harmful effects of abiotic stresses in plants. In particular, the role of ALA has been increasingly recognized in improving plant HM stress-tolerance via ALA-mediated control of principal plant-metabolic processes. However, various underlying mechanisms that unravel ALA-induced plant HM stress-tolerance remain unexplored. The application of ALA on HM-stressed plants improves plant height, root length, chlorophyll pigments, antioxidant enzyme activities, nutrient uptake and soluble protein contents and minimizes ultra-structural damage, oxidative stress and HM uptake. Furthermore, it triggers modification of glutathione reductase, ascorbic acid and GSH contents in HM-stressed plants. The lower concentration of ALA proved to be more beneficial in stress amelioration. The cost-effectiveness and efficiency of ALA in improving growth and production of plants under varying growth conditions is still not clear. Nevertheless, over-accumulation of ALA through genetic manipulation can enhance stress-tolerance in plants which is the key area to be investigated. This review article elaborates the potential role of ALA in HM tolerance and highlights the future research dimensions in the related ambits.
Shafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Abbu Zaid; Muhammad Saleem Arif; Tahira Yasmeen; Afzal Hussain; Muhammad Rizwan Shahid; Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari; Saddam Hussain; Ghulam Hassan Abbasi. 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Induced Heavy Metal Stress Tolerance and Underlying Mechanisms in Plants. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 2018, 37, 1423 -1436.
AMA StyleShafaqat Ali, Muhammad Rizwan, Abbu Zaid, Muhammad Saleem Arif, Tahira Yasmeen, Afzal Hussain, Muhammad Rizwan Shahid, Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari, Saddam Hussain, Ghulam Hassan Abbasi. 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Induced Heavy Metal Stress Tolerance and Underlying Mechanisms in Plants. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. 2018; 37 (4):1423-1436.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShafaqat Ali; Muhammad Rizwan; Abbu Zaid; Muhammad Saleem Arif; Tahira Yasmeen; Afzal Hussain; Muhammad Rizwan Shahid; Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari; Saddam Hussain; Ghulam Hassan Abbasi. 2018. "5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Induced Heavy Metal Stress Tolerance and Underlying Mechanisms in Plants." Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 37, no. 4: 1423-1436.