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Jaewon Lee
Department of Social Welfare, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea

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Journal article
Published: 30 June 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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This study examines the moderating effect of a mentorship program on the relationship between parental neglect and depression among adolescents from low-income households since COVID-19. A total of 264 participants from all provinces in South Korea were registered for a mentorship program provided by the Korea Development Bank [KDB] Foundation, which is a charitable and non-profit organization. Two-hundred fifty-five middle and high school students from low-income families were included in the final sample. The mentorship program was provided to students based on mentors’ advice and feedback. A bootstrap method using the PROCESS macro 3.4 for SPSS was utilized to examine the moderating effect of satisfaction with the mentorship program. Neglect was positively related to depression among low-income students. Satisfaction with the mentorship program moderated the relationship between low-income students’ neglect and depression. Visits from social workers or other advocates or volunteers to low-income families with children may be helpful to address depression among low-income students. High quality mentorship programs should be provided to more low-income students for their mental health, funded particularly in the context of corporate social responsibility. Particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic, financial contributions by corporations would be valuable to reconstruct the damage to quality of life and psychological well-being among low-income adolescents.

ACS Style

Jaewon Lee; Jennifer Allen; Hyejung Lim; Gyuhyun Choi; Jiyu Jung. The Role of a Mentorship Program on the Relationship between Neglect and Depression among Adolescents in Low-Income Families. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 7010 .

AMA Style

Jaewon Lee, Jennifer Allen, Hyejung Lim, Gyuhyun Choi, Jiyu Jung. The Role of a Mentorship Program on the Relationship between Neglect and Depression among Adolescents in Low-Income Families. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (13):7010.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jaewon Lee; Jennifer Allen; Hyejung Lim; Gyuhyun Choi; Jiyu Jung. 2021. "The Role of a Mentorship Program on the Relationship between Neglect and Depression among Adolescents in Low-Income Families." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13: 7010.

Journal article
Published: 26 May 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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This study aimed to examine the relationship between maternal economic well-being and children’s mental health outcomes in adulthood and to consider the moderating effect of race/ethnicity. This study used data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 79 for Children and Young Adults. The two datasets were merged, and 4224 pairs were selected for the final sample. Ordinary linear regression and logistic regression analyses were used. Poverty and lower net worth among mothers were positively associated with their children’s depression in young adulthood. Race/ethnicity moderated the relationship between maternal poverty and children’s depression. Therefore, women’s economic resources may be an important factor in the development of mental health issues among their children in young adulthood. Developing anti-poverty policies that target women may assist in reducing depressive symptoms in their children once they reach young adulthood, specifically for non-Hispanic White children.

ACS Style

Jaewon Lee. Maternal Economic Well-Being and Mental Health among Young Adult Children: Race/Ethnicity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 5691 .

AMA Style

Jaewon Lee. Maternal Economic Well-Being and Mental Health among Young Adult Children: Race/Ethnicity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (11):5691.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jaewon Lee. 2021. "Maternal Economic Well-Being and Mental Health among Young Adult Children: Race/Ethnicity." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11: 5691.

Journal article
Published: 16 May 2021 in Sustainability
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The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of middle school students’ learning attitudes and risk perception toward COVID-19 on their poor academic performance since the COVID-19 pandemic began. This study limited the sample to middle school students who responded that their academic performance was an A or B grade during the last academic year in 2019. For this study, 268 respondents were selected and logistic regression was employed. Self-motivated studying time and positive attitudes toward online learning predicted consistent academic performance since the COVID-19 pandemic began. Middle school students’ preference toward an in-person classroom format was related to poor academic performance since the COVID-19 pandemic began. A risk perception toward COVID-19 was related to poor academic performance since the COVID-19 pandemic began. It is imperative to provide educational programs which help students develop self-motivated studying habits to maintain their academic performance during COVID-19. Policymakers in schools should consider providing in-person options for students who are more academically successful in such an environment.

ACS Style

Jaewon Lee; Hyejung Lim; Jennifer Allen; Gyuhyun Choi. Effects of Learning Attitudes and COVID-19 Risk Perception on Poor Academic Performance among Middle School Students. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5541 .

AMA Style

Jaewon Lee, Hyejung Lim, Jennifer Allen, Gyuhyun Choi. Effects of Learning Attitudes and COVID-19 Risk Perception on Poor Academic Performance among Middle School Students. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (10):5541.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jaewon Lee; Hyejung Lim; Jennifer Allen; Gyuhyun Choi. 2021. "Effects of Learning Attitudes and COVID-19 Risk Perception on Poor Academic Performance among Middle School Students." Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5541.

Journal article
Published: 14 January 2021 in Healthcare
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Middle school students are of particular interest when examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic because they are in a formative period for socioemotional development, and because they are not as mature as adults, making them more vulnerable to the effects of the current pandemic. This study seeks to examine determinants of protective behavior changes since COVID-19 among middle school students. Participants were recruited through an official online flatform used by public schools. The final sample included 328 middle school students in South Korea. A multiple linear regression was conducted to explore what factors influence protective behavior changes since COVID-19. Gender and health status were associated with protective behavior changes since COVID-19. Family satisfaction was positively associated with protective behavior changes. Levels of sanitation since COVID-19 and perceptions regarding the risk of COVID-19 were significantly related to protective behavior changes. This study suggests to consider three factors–individual, family, and environmental—in order to prevent middle school students from contracting and spreading the virus.

ACS Style

Jaewon Lee; Jennifer Allen; Hyejung Lim; Gyuhyun Choi. Determinants of Behavioral Changes Since COVID-19 among Middle School Students. Healthcare 2021, 9, 75 .

AMA Style

Jaewon Lee, Jennifer Allen, Hyejung Lim, Gyuhyun Choi. Determinants of Behavioral Changes Since COVID-19 among Middle School Students. Healthcare. 2021; 9 (1):75.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jaewon Lee; Jennifer Allen; Hyejung Lim; Gyuhyun Choi. 2021. "Determinants of Behavioral Changes Since COVID-19 among Middle School Students." Healthcare 9, no. 1: 75.

Research article
Published: 06 January 2021 in Journal of Family Issues
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This study examined the relationship between single mother’s poverty and their young adult children’s depression, and it examined the mediating effect of young adults’ income on the relationship. The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 79 for Children and Young Adults (NLSY79 CY) were used. A total of 4,224 dyads were selected and the mediation model was conducted. Single mother’s poverty was related to low income and depression among their young adult children. The relationship between mother’s poverty and their young adult children’s depression was partially mediated by their young adult children’s income. Poverty prevention or reduction programs for female-headed households should be provided to single mothers to reduce future levels of depression among their young adults. Improving inequality in intergenerational economic mobility is one way to address depressive symptoms among the young adult children of single mothers in poverty.

ACS Style

Jaewon Lee; Jennifer Allen. The Role of Young Adult Children’s Income in the Relationship between Single Mothers’ Poverty and Their Young Adult Children’s Depression. Journal of Family Issues 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Jaewon Lee, Jennifer Allen. The Role of Young Adult Children’s Income in the Relationship between Single Mothers’ Poverty and Their Young Adult Children’s Depression. Journal of Family Issues. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jaewon Lee; Jennifer Allen. 2021. "The Role of Young Adult Children’s Income in the Relationship between Single Mothers’ Poverty and Their Young Adult Children’s Depression." Journal of Family Issues , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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This study explores the role of health behaviors on depressive symptoms across young adult females and differences in the relationship across race/ethnicity. The data come from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Child and Young Adult. Seven hundred and seven non-Hispanic White females, 592 African American females, and 349 Hispanic females were selected. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression analyses were conducted. African American and Hispanic females were more likely to eat fast food than non-Hispanic Whites. African Americans reported that they ate fruit less frequently in comparison with non-Hispanic Whites. Fruit intake was related to lower levels of depressive symptoms. Hispanics moderated the association between fruit intake and depressive symptoms. Females should be encouraged to eat more fruit during young adulthood in order to diminish the likelihood of depressive symptoms. In addition, strategies for promoting healthy behaviors should consider the varied effects of race/ethnicity on depressive symptoms among young female adults.

ACS Style

Jaewon Lee; Jisuk Seon. Racial/Ethnic Differences in Health Behaviors and Its Roles on Depressive Symptoms among Young Female Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 7202 .

AMA Style

Jaewon Lee, Jisuk Seon. Racial/Ethnic Differences in Health Behaviors and Its Roles on Depressive Symptoms among Young Female Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (19):7202.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jaewon Lee; Jisuk Seon. 2020. "Racial/Ethnic Differences in Health Behaviors and Its Roles on Depressive Symptoms among Young Female Adults." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19: 7202.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2020 in American Journal of Health Behavior
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Objectives: In this study, we examine young adult children's educational attainment as a mediator in the pathway from their mother's income to their fast food consumption. Methods: The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 79 for Children and Young Adults (NLSY79 CY) were used to select mother and children dyads. A total of 5140 dyads were selected as the final sample. We used a mediation model to test mediators in the relationship between mother's income and young adult children's fast food consumption. Results: Mother's income was significantly related to their young adult children's educational attainment. Mother's income was negatively related to fast food consumption. This study revealed partial mediation of the relationship between mother's income and their young adult children's fast food consumption via their young adult children's educational attainment. Conclusions: A new perspective considering mother's economic resources is needed to understand children's education. Mother's income is important to cultivate their young adult children's health behaviors. The intergenerational transmission of mother's economic resources to their young adult children's educational attainment should be considered to understand young adults' fast food consumption.

ACS Style

Jaewon Lee; Jennifer Allen. Mothers' Income and Young Adult Children's Education and Fast Food Intake. American Journal of Health Behavior 2020, 44, 681 -690.

AMA Style

Jaewon Lee, Jennifer Allen. Mothers' Income and Young Adult Children's Education and Fast Food Intake. American Journal of Health Behavior. 2020; 44 (5):681-690.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jaewon Lee; Jennifer Allen. 2020. "Mothers' Income and Young Adult Children's Education and Fast Food Intake." American Journal of Health Behavior 44, no. 5: 681-690.

Original article
Published: 21 July 2020 in Social Policy & Administration
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This study examines whether the daughters' educational attainment mediates the intergenerational transmission of economic mobility between mothers and their young adult daughters. To create mother–daughter dyads, two data sets were combined: The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 79 for Children and Young Adults (NLSY79 CY). A total of 2,456 dyads were included for analysis. We used a mediation model to explore the relationship between mothers' income and their young adult daughters' income. Mothers' income was associated with their young adult daughters' educational attainment and income. The mediation model indicated partial mediation of the relationship between mothers' income and their young adult daughters' income via their young adult daughters' educational attainment. Addressing issues of income inequality among mothers may serve as a buffer against the low upward mobility across generations for their young adult daughters raised by low‐income mothers. It is imperative to provide programs and financial assistance for mothers to bolster their income and thereby their daughters' educational attainment and income in young adulthood and therefore improve economic mobility from mothers to daughters.

ACS Style

Jaewon Lee; Jennifer Allen. The intergenerational transmission of income mobility between mothers and their young adult daughters: The mediating role of their daughters' educational attainment. Social Policy & Administration 2020, 54, 971 -983.

AMA Style

Jaewon Lee, Jennifer Allen. The intergenerational transmission of income mobility between mothers and their young adult daughters: The mediating role of their daughters' educational attainment. Social Policy & Administration. 2020; 54 (6):971-983.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jaewon Lee; Jennifer Allen. 2020. "The intergenerational transmission of income mobility between mothers and their young adult daughters: The mediating role of their daughters' educational attainment." Social Policy & Administration 54, no. 6: 971-983.

Original paper
Published: 29 June 2020 in Community Mental Health Journal
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This study explores the relationship between the consumption of healthy and unhealthy foods and depression among young adults and the moderating effect of gender on these relationships. The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 for Children and Young Adults (NLSY79 CY) was used. A total of 2983 young adults were selected for the final sample. Logistic Regression Analysis and Ordinary Linear Regression were conducted to examine the research questions. Young men were overall more likely than young women to engage in negative eating habits. The consumption of healthy foods, which included fruits and vegetables, had a significant inverse relationship with depression. An interaction effect was found, indicating that gender moderated the relationship between fruit consumption and depression among young adults. Young males need to be taught more about the importance of good eating habits. Eating more fruits and vegetables (healthy foods) is more important than avoiding fast food or soft drinks (unhealthy foods) for young adults’ mental health. The gender differences in the effect of fruit consumption implies that increased fruit consumption may be critical to reduce young females’ depression.

ACS Style

Jaewon Lee; Jennifer Allen. Gender Differences in Healthy and Unhealthy Food Consumption and Its Relationship with Depression in Young Adulthood. Community Mental Health Journal 2020, 57, 898 -909.

AMA Style

Jaewon Lee, Jennifer Allen. Gender Differences in Healthy and Unhealthy Food Consumption and Its Relationship with Depression in Young Adulthood. Community Mental Health Journal. 2020; 57 (5):898-909.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jaewon Lee; Jennifer Allen. 2020. "Gender Differences in Healthy and Unhealthy Food Consumption and Its Relationship with Depression in Young Adulthood." Community Mental Health Journal 57, no. 5: 898-909.

Research article
Published: 18 December 2019 in American Journal of Men's Health
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Although promoting health behaviors are important for sustaining physical and mental health, little is known about young adult men’s health behaviors or how they vary across race and ethnicity. This study examines the impact of educational attainment on health behaviors across young adult men, and differences in the association across race/ethnicity. This study used data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Children and Young Adults. The final sample consists of 3,115 non-Hispanic White males, 1,617 African American males, and 1,144 Hispanic males. The average age of the participants was about 27 years old. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression analyses were conducted. Educational attainment was associated with both food intake and preventive health care visits. Those who received a higher education were less likely to eat fast food than those who did not (β = –.37, p < .001) and were more likely to eat fruits and vegetables (β = .77, OR = 2.15, p < .01; β = 6.44, OR = 1.91, p < .10). Higher education was also positively associated with routine eye exams and health check-ups (β = .50, OR = 1.64, p < .01); β = 1.84, OR = 6.29, p < .01). This study identified interaction effects between educational attainment and African Americans for predicting fast food intake (β = .57, p < .05). Education is one way to improve health behaviors and to lessen racial/ethnic disparities in health behaviors. Specifically, promoting health behaviors in education should target African American men to improve their perception toward the importance of healthy food intake.

ACS Style

Jaewon Lee; Jisuk Seon. Educational Attainment and Health Behaviors Among Young Adult Men: Racial/Ethnic Disparities. American Journal of Men's Health 2019, 13, 1 .

AMA Style

Jaewon Lee, Jisuk Seon. Educational Attainment and Health Behaviors Among Young Adult Men: Racial/Ethnic Disparities. American Journal of Men's Health. 2019; 13 (6):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jaewon Lee; Jisuk Seon. 2019. "Educational Attainment and Health Behaviors Among Young Adult Men: Racial/Ethnic Disparities." American Journal of Men's Health 13, no. 6: 1.