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Jiri Chlachula
Environmental Research Centre, 686 03 Stare Mesto, Czech Republic

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Research focus on climate change and environmental transformations, ecology management, sustainable development, geo-heritage and geohazards. Research areas: Central and South Asia, Siberia and Central Europe

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Discussion
Published: 08 July 2021 in Quaternary Science Reviews
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Here, we respond to the comments of Y. Kuzmin on the conclusions of our investigations at the multi-layered Ushki V site, central Kamchatka, published in the paper of I. Yu. Ponkratova and others (QSR, 2021). The critical opinion of the site chronology as well as the final Pleistocene-Holocene cultural sequence classification and the provenience of the most ancient pottery on the peninsula we find unsubstantiated and provide the supporting arguments.

ACS Style

Irina Yu Ponkratova; Jiri Chlachula; Ingo Clausen. Reply to comments on “Chronology and environmental context of the early prehistoric peopling of Kamchatka, the Russian north far east (Ponkratova, I. Yu., Chlachula, J., Clausen. I, Quaternary Science Reviews 252 (2021), by Yaroslav V. Kuzmin”. Quaternary Science Reviews 2021, 107049 .

AMA Style

Irina Yu Ponkratova, Jiri Chlachula, Ingo Clausen. Reply to comments on “Chronology and environmental context of the early prehistoric peopling of Kamchatka, the Russian north far east (Ponkratova, I. Yu., Chlachula, J., Clausen. I, Quaternary Science Reviews 252 (2021), by Yaroslav V. Kuzmin”. Quaternary Science Reviews. 2021; ():107049.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Irina Yu Ponkratova; Jiri Chlachula; Ingo Clausen. 2021. "Reply to comments on “Chronology and environmental context of the early prehistoric peopling of Kamchatka, the Russian north far east (Ponkratova, I. Yu., Chlachula, J., Clausen. I, Quaternary Science Reviews 252 (2021), by Yaroslav V. Kuzmin”." Quaternary Science Reviews , no. : 107049.

Journal article
Published: 20 May 2021 in Sustainability
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Steppe and semi-desert lakes of Central Asia represent unique and still poorly known aquatic ecosystems. The paper provides summaries of multi-proxy environmental and biological investigations of the previously unexplored ground of Sibe lakes in the naturally pristine zone of East Kazakhstan, and of their contributions to people. Data on the taxonomic composition of zooplankton and zoobenthos of these freshwater lacustrine basins are presented in terms of the species’ frequency of occurrence; the abundance of the aquatic biomass and the analyzed water geochemical variables insofar as they are dependent and correlative. The qualitative and quantitative records display variability in the biocenosis diversity due to the lakes’ geochemistry and hydrology differences—some lakes being oligotrophic and others being moderately trophic. In the latter case, the lakes characterized by an increased macrozoobenthos biomass are favourable for local ichthyofauna. Sapro-biological analysis reveals the predominance of β-saprobic species in the zooplankton composition pointing to slight or moderate pollution of surface waters due to natural biotic substances. This observation is in agreement with differences in the water quality of solitary lakes. The uneven distributions of benthic invertebrates (in terms of taxonomy and species populations) in the water bodies suggest specific hydro-ecological conditions that predetermine the structure of the lakes’ biocenosis. The littoral part of the lakes is characterized by the highest abundance of zooplankton and benthic fauna. The Sibe lakes are an example of an autonomous functioning of the lacustrine basins in the upland arid steppe zone, which is characterized by pronounced climate “continentality” and a high level of the sub-aquatic flora and fauna endemism. The present results are relevant to the understanding of the ecosystems’ dynamics and the modern anthropogenic impacts upon the pristine parkland-steppe landscapes of Central Asia, with implications for regional nature protection and sustainable eco-recreation.

ACS Style

Talant Samarkhanov; Anar Myrzagaliyeva; Jiri Chlachula; Ludmila Kushnikova; Jolanta Czerniawska; Sayan Nigmetzhanov. Geoenvironmental Implications and Biocenosis of Freshwater Lakes in the Arid Zone of East Kazakhstan. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5756 .

AMA Style

Talant Samarkhanov, Anar Myrzagaliyeva, Jiri Chlachula, Ludmila Kushnikova, Jolanta Czerniawska, Sayan Nigmetzhanov. Geoenvironmental Implications and Biocenosis of Freshwater Lakes in the Arid Zone of East Kazakhstan. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (10):5756.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Talant Samarkhanov; Anar Myrzagaliyeva; Jiri Chlachula; Ludmila Kushnikova; Jolanta Czerniawska; Sayan Nigmetzhanov. 2021. "Geoenvironmental Implications and Biocenosis of Freshwater Lakes in the Arid Zone of East Kazakhstan." Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5756.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2021 in Geosciences
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In spite of picturesque landscapes, natural beauties and authentic traditional lifestyles to be seen in East Kazakhstan, tourism is far from being developed. The Kazakh Altai (called the Kazakh Switzerland) is one the most colourful parts of the country and, indeed, all Central Asia. The attractiveness of this geographically isolated region (formerly a part of the Imperial Russia), consisting of rocky semi-deserts, vast parkland-steppes, and rugged mountain terrains, is reflected in its distinctive geological and geomorphological character, its pristine nature, and its extraordinary geodiversity and biodiversity. This study presents a roster of geotourism and ecotourism loci for the broader Altai area within a framework of sustainable development. The modelled assessment of the tourism and recreation potential is based upon multi-proxy analyses of GIS, DEM, and cartographic data. It integrates the most appealing natural (biotic and abiotic) site-specific natural features across all physiographic zones within a broad region. The most significant and representative geosites fall within three geographic sectors suitable for geo- and ecotourism. Prospects for travel to these places are enhanced by the presence of numerous prehistoric archaeological sites and historical monuments, which document the rich, multi-ethnic background of Kazakhstan and the ancient Silk Road that traverses it. These geological, environmental and cultural resources, and the regional geoheritage and environmental conservation concepts have been figured into strategies for economic growth of rural Kazakhstan. Visitors travelling to this most appealing region are constrained by climate of pronounced continentality, seasonality, geographic accessibility, the international border-zone regulations and a lack of services of an international standard.

ACS Style

Jiri Chlachula; Nazgul Zhensikbayeva; Anna Yegorina; Nazym Kabdrakhmanova; Jolanta Czerniawska; Sanat Kumarbekuly. Territorial Assessment of the East Kazakhstan Geo/Ecotourism: Sustainable Travel Prospects in the Southern Altai Area. Geosciences 2021, 11, 156 .

AMA Style

Jiri Chlachula, Nazgul Zhensikbayeva, Anna Yegorina, Nazym Kabdrakhmanova, Jolanta Czerniawska, Sanat Kumarbekuly. Territorial Assessment of the East Kazakhstan Geo/Ecotourism: Sustainable Travel Prospects in the Southern Altai Area. Geosciences. 2021; 11 (4):156.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiri Chlachula; Nazgul Zhensikbayeva; Anna Yegorina; Nazym Kabdrakhmanova; Jolanta Czerniawska; Sanat Kumarbekuly. 2021. "Territorial Assessment of the East Kazakhstan Geo/Ecotourism: Sustainable Travel Prospects in the Southern Altai Area." Geosciences 11, no. 4: 156.

Journal article
Published: 24 March 2021 in Sustainability
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Extensive geographic areas of the world show a long-term atmospheric moisture deficit. Desertification of Rajasthan is concurrent with the strengthened weather extremality and mean annual air temperature (MAAT) rise over the western part of the Indian subcontinent. The present landscape aridification due to the precipitation decrease and reinforced windiness generates surface-cover dryness, aeolian erosion with a mass sediment transfer, salinity of excessively irrigated lands and groundwater depletion; altogether these pose major geo-environmental threats and settlement risks of the expanding Thar Desert. Livestock-overgrazing of sparse-vegetation contributes to ecological pressure to the fragile wasteland ecosystems with approximately three-quarters of the countryside affected to a certain extent by degradation and >50% exposed to wind erosion. Sand dune stabilisation by the drought-adapted tree plantation, the regional hydrology network regulation and the arid-land farming based on new xerophytic cultigens are the key land-use and mitigation strategies. Specific geomorphic palaeosettings predetermined patterned adaptive forms of the ancient desert inhabitation. Geo- and eco-tourism contributes to the arid-zone socioeconomic sustainability with regard to the rich natural and cultural heritage of the area. This study outlines the main effects of the current climate variations on the pristine and occupied lands of western Rajasthan, and the past and present relief transformations, and reviews the modern anthropogenic responses to desertification.

ACS Style

Jiri Chlachula. Between Sand Dunes and Hamadas: Environmental Sustainability of the Thar Desert, West India. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3602 .

AMA Style

Jiri Chlachula. Between Sand Dunes and Hamadas: Environmental Sustainability of the Thar Desert, West India. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):3602.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiri Chlachula. 2021. "Between Sand Dunes and Hamadas: Environmental Sustainability of the Thar Desert, West India." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 3602.

Original article
Published: 01 March 2021 in Boreas
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The Kolyma region is historically famous for the unique finds of large Pleistocene fauna, yet, until very recently, absent of the time‐corresponding occupation sites. Quaternary geology and palaeontology investigations (2013–2019) in the middle reaches of the Kolyma River (NE Yakutia) have delivered new evidence on the Last Glacial (MIS 4–2) to Early Holocene sub‐arctic ecosystems and the past landscape dynamics retrieved from the fossiliferous bodies exposed from thawed grounds. The palaeoecology multi‐proxies from the MIS 3 (55–24 ka) cryolithic formations document riparian, larch‐dominated northern forests and open parklands with backwater channels, marshlands and lakes. The abundant skeletal remains of Pleistocene ungulates and carnivores, as well as relic flora point to long‐term biomass‐rich interstadial ecosystems and favourable Palaeolithic occupation habitats. Utilized animal bones, worked mammoth ivory and stone tools show the presence of pre‐modern humans in the northeast Russian Arctic >45 000 years ago. Flaked mammoth tusks suggest persistence of settlement during the Last Glacial Maximum in xeric and extremely cold (sub)arctic tundra. The postglacial climate shifts triggered major environmental and hydrological transformations. The final Pleistocene/Early Holocene warming brought restructuring of the Last Ice Age landscape and vanishing of the periglacial tundra‐steppe replaced by the present‐day larch‐dominated Siberian taiga. The mid‐Last Glacial human ecology records from the geographical limits of northeast Siberia have fundamental relevance for the reconstructions of the time trajectories and the natural conditions of peopling of Beringia.

ACS Style

Jiri Chlachula; Maksim Y. Cheprasov; Gavril P. Novgorodov; Theodor F. Obada; Edward Little. The MIS 3–2 environments of the middle Kolyma Basin: implications for the Ice Age peopling of northeast Arctic Siberia. Boreas 2021, 50, 556 -581.

AMA Style

Jiri Chlachula, Maksim Y. Cheprasov, Gavril P. Novgorodov, Theodor F. Obada, Edward Little. The MIS 3–2 environments of the middle Kolyma Basin: implications for the Ice Age peopling of northeast Arctic Siberia. Boreas. 2021; 50 (2):556-581.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiri Chlachula; Maksim Y. Cheprasov; Gavril P. Novgorodov; Theodor F. Obada; Edward Little. 2021. "The MIS 3–2 environments of the middle Kolyma Basin: implications for the Ice Age peopling of northeast Arctic Siberia." Boreas 50, no. 2: 556-581.

Journal article
Published: 11 December 2020 in Quaternary Science Reviews
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The paper summarizes the current evidence on the post-glacial peopling of Kamchatka based on the latest investigations of Ushki V—currently, the earliest and most informative human occupation site complex on the peninsula. The refined 14С site chronostratigraphy and the geo-contextual multi-proxy records indicate at least four stages of the prehistoric settlement, with the most ancient radiocarbon-dated to ∼11300 yr BP (13300 cal yr). The more recent ones encompass the time period from the Pleistocene/Holocene transition to mid-Holocene with the sequenced inhabitation dated to 11330–10350 14С yr BP (13320–12022 cal yr), 10240–9485 yr BP (12225–10131 cal yr), 8608–7645 yr BP (9135–8413 cal yr), and about 5725–4055 yr BP (6679–4406 cal yr). The regional tephrochronology provides the most accurate time assessment of the occupation habitat evolution in a dynamic neo-volcanic landscape leading to the formation of the present relief. The principal archaeological tephra layers, being the key absolute markers associated with the time-equivalent volcanic eruptions, are: SH1 (265 yr BP), SH2 (950 yr BP), SH3 (1400 yr BP), SH5 (2500 yr BP), SH8300 (8300 yr BP) from the Shiveluch volcano; OP (1500 yr BP) from the Baranii Crater (the Opala volcano); KS1 (1800 yr BP), KS2 (6000 yr BP) from the Ksudach volcano; BZ (2100–2300 yr BP) from the Bezymianny volcano; IАv5 (6500 yr BP) from the Avachinskiy volcano; HG (6900 yr BP) from the Khangar volcano; and PL (8600 yr BP) from the Ploskie Sopki (Ushkovsky) volcano. The early settlements took advantage of the high natural (food and raw material) resource diversity. The cultural inventories show a progressive environmental adjustment illustrated by the mixed stone-working technologies retaining archaic Palaeolithic techniques accompanied by new microlithization elements. The appearance of ceramics about 7000–5000 cal years ago, presently the earliest in the Russian North Far East, relates to the emergence of the more sedentary Early Neolithic tradition. The Ushki locality has key importance for the regional scheme of the prehistoric peopling of the Kamchatka Peninsula and the adjoining areas of NE Pacific Asia and Alaska.

ACS Style

Irina Yu Ponkratova; Jiri Chlachula; Ingo Clausen. Chronology and environmental context of the early prehistoric peopling of Kamchatka, the Russian North Far East. Quaternary Science Reviews 2020, 252, 106702 .

AMA Style

Irina Yu Ponkratova, Jiri Chlachula, Ingo Clausen. Chronology and environmental context of the early prehistoric peopling of Kamchatka, the Russian North Far East. Quaternary Science Reviews. 2020; 252 ():106702.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Irina Yu Ponkratova; Jiri Chlachula; Ingo Clausen. 2020. "Chronology and environmental context of the early prehistoric peopling of Kamchatka, the Russian North Far East." Quaternary Science Reviews 252, no. : 106702.

Original article
Published: 03 November 2020 in Geoheritage
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East Kazakhstan is physiographically a diverse region of north-central Asia encompassing a broad array of geomorphic zones and geo-ecosystems from the western open steppes to the interior arid basins with wind-sculptured surfaces of the surrounding rocky highlands aligned by the high alpine mountain ranges. The complex regional geological history gave rise to a mosaic of impressive landforms located within a relatively small area. The extraordinary relief with many unique geo-sites was generated by dynamic processes associated with the late Cainozoic orogenesis in conjunction with the past climatic variations. The cyclicity of bedrock weathering and mass sediment transfer are manifested by Mesozoic fossiliferous formations, large sand dune fields, and loess-palaeosol-cryogenic series providing archives of the Quaternary evolution. Pleistocene glaciations followed by cataclysmic floods from the released ice-dammed lakes during the recessional glacier stages have produced an exceptional imprint in the mountain areas. Many archaeological localities and historic monuments, some being a part of the UNESCO World Natural and Cultural Heritage, are associated with the most prominent topographic places. Geo-tourism focusing on the most exquisite landscapes and spectacular geological settings is the new trend in the country with still minor activities that take advantage of the region’s supreme geoheritage potential. The great geo-diversity accentuates the touristic value of this still marginally explored geographic area. Reconnaissance, documentation, and publicity of the most unique geo-sites and geo-parks provide an impetus for their registration in the national and international nature heritage protection programs under proper geo-environmental conservation policies.

ACS Style

Jiri Chlachula. Geoheritage of East Kazakhstan. Geoheritage 2020, 12, 1 -17.

AMA Style

Jiri Chlachula. Geoheritage of East Kazakhstan. Geoheritage. 2020; 12 (4):1-17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiri Chlachula. 2020. "Geoheritage of East Kazakhstan." Geoheritage 12, no. 4: 1-17.

Book chapter
Published: 26 October 2020 in Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology
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ACS Style

Jiri Chlachula. Urals: Paleolithic. Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology 2020, 10877 -10893.

AMA Style

Jiri Chlachula. Urals: Paleolithic. Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. 2020; ():10877-10893.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiri Chlachula. 2020. "Urals: Paleolithic." Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology , no. : 10877-10893.

Book chapter
Published: 26 October 2020 in Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology
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ACS Style

Jiri Chlachula. Siberia: Paleolithic. Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology 2020, 9710 -9730.

AMA Style

Jiri Chlachula. Siberia: Paleolithic. Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. 2020; ():9710-9730.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiri Chlachula. 2020. "Siberia: Paleolithic." Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology , no. : 9710-9730.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2018 in Engineering Geology
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Karamken was one of the most-productive gold-processing plants of the former Soviet Union located in the Magadan Region of the Russian North Far East. This paper discusses the causes, environmental damage and current geo-ecological conditions at the site facility after the accidental breakage of the storage pond in 2009 following industrial activity termination of this state enterprise (1994). The amassed water-saturated tailings from the mineral processing amounted ~280,000 m3, corresponding to a total mass weight of 340,000 tons. The on-site multi-proxy investigations indicate synergic effects of hydrogeology, meteorology, engineering and human factors to have accounted for this major technical and environmental disaster. Piled sedimentary waste masses mobilized by removal of the dam-protective construction components initiated a water leakage into the main dam body and its eventual failure. Activated thixotropic processes of plagioclase clay-enriched sediments in conjunction with heavy machinery works on top of the 27 m-high frontal levee above destabilized permafrost grounds together with lack of the facility maintenance are the main causes for this industrial accident. The outburst of the accumulated deposits spilled large quantities of toxic elements stored in the pulverized saturated tailings, poisoning ground waters and causing severe damage to the local riverine ecosystem and fishery, as well as destruction of the nearby town with human casualties. The identified spillage risk factors could be used to forecast the stability of other similar facilities in the sub-Arctic areas.

ACS Style

Vladimir E. Glotov; Jiri Chlachula; Ludmila P. Glotova; Edward Little. Causes and environmental impact of the gold-tailings dam failure at Karamken, the Russian Far East. Engineering Geology 2018, 245, 236 -247.

AMA Style

Vladimir E. Glotov, Jiri Chlachula, Ludmila P. Glotova, Edward Little. Causes and environmental impact of the gold-tailings dam failure at Karamken, the Russian Far East. Engineering Geology. 2018; 245 ():236-247.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vladimir E. Glotov; Jiri Chlachula; Ludmila P. Glotova; Edward Little. 2018. "Causes and environmental impact of the gold-tailings dam failure at Karamken, the Russian Far East." Engineering Geology 245, no. : 236-247.

Original paper
Published: 27 June 2018 in Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences
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The Altai Mountains are well-known for their unique archaeological records, with rich, chronologically sequenced Palaeolithic, Neolithic and the Bronze Age (late fourth–early first millennium BC) sites and, in particular, the Iron Age Scytho-Siberian and early historical monuments represented by burial sites, ritual structures, and rock-art. The Altai prehistoric archaeological localities are distributed across a broad range of topographic and ecological settings, encompassing altitudinal zones from 800 m asl in the lower reaches of glacial river valleys up to 2500/3000 m asl on the high mountain plateaus. The partial spatial overlap of these (often multi-component) geoarchaeological loci over time suggests that similar adaptive strategies were employed by countless generations of hunter and later nomadic communities—their actions constrained by the locally specific forms of (palaeo-)relief and the associated ecosystems. The dynamics of the initial occupation of the boreal and alpine Altai landscapes and subsequent processes of (re-)colonisation during the Final Pleistocene-Holocene transition are directly linked to transformations in the regional hydrological systems after the LGM. The principal settings for early pastoral settlements were the xerothermic grasslands that formed on the flat glacio-lacustrine terraces which rise above the modern fluvial floodplains—the remains of ice-dammed wastage lake basins drained at the end of the Pleistocene (15,000–13,000 year BP). Marked climatic changes, evidenced by regional variations in temperature and humidity across the territory, are well attested in the geological, biotic and archaeological records. The initial Sub-Boreal aridification correlated with the beginnings of the Altai Bronze Age traditions continued until the early Iron Age—causing an expansion of parkland-steppe in the main valleys and a forest retreat in the foothills. Mountain steppes constituted the most essential food-procurement habitat for the Holocene prehistoric and historical settlements of Southern Altai. The current degradation of insular alpine permafrost poses an imminent threat to preservation of the region’s most precious archaeological monuments—the frozen burial mounds of the Pazyryk culture (sixth–third century BC) belonging to the UNESCO World cultural heritage.

ACS Style

Jiri Chlachula. Environmental context and adaptations of prehistoric and early historical occupation in the Southern Altai (SW Siberia–East Kazakhstan). Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 2018, 11, 2215 -2236.

AMA Style

Jiri Chlachula. Environmental context and adaptations of prehistoric and early historical occupation in the Southern Altai (SW Siberia–East Kazakhstan). Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. 2018; 11 (5):2215-2236.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiri Chlachula. 2018. "Environmental context and adaptations of prehistoric and early historical occupation in the Southern Altai (SW Siberia–East Kazakhstan)." Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 11, no. 5: 2215-2236.