A photocatalytic system for decolorization of double azo reactive black 5 (RB5) dye and water disinfection of E. coli was developed. Sol gel method was employed for the synthesis of Fe-TiO₂ photocatalysts and were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. Results showed that photocatalytic efficiency was greatly influenced by 0.1 weight percent iron loading and 300 °C calcination temperature. The optimized reaction parameters were found to be the ambient temperature, working solution pH 6.2 and 1 mg g⁻¹ dose to completely decolorize RB5. The isotherm studies showed that RB5 adsorption by Fe-TiO₂ followed the Langmuir isotherm with maximum adsorption capacity of 42.7 mg g⁻¹ and K_ads 0.0079 L mg⁻¹. Under illumination, the modified photocatalytic material had higher decolorization efficiency as compared to unmodified photocatalyst. Kinetic studies of the modified material under visible light irradiation indicated the reaction followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics. The illumination reaction followed the Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) model as the rate of dye decolorization increased with an incremental increase in dye concentration. The L-H constant K_c was 1.5542 mg L^–1∙h^–1 while K_ads was found 0.1317 L mg^–1. The best photocatalyst showed prominent percent reduction of E. coli in 120 min. Finally, 0.1Fe-TiO₂-300 could be an efficient photocatalyst and can provide a composite solution for RB5 decolorization and bacterial strain inhibition.

The building industry responded to the growing imperative to reduce the global ecological footprint by developing new inventive methods of utilizing waste materials. Concrete waste is one of the leading contributors to global waste streams and a great opportunity for sustainable reuse. Recent research has demonstrated its potential for structural applications in concrete, although its use for nonstructural component construction has been well established. This study introduces an innovative approach, combining the impact of S-FA (silica fume-fly ash) slurry coated recycled aggregates (RCA) and supplementary cementitious material (Rice husk) simultaneously, for the first time to be evaluated for structural performance. These findings present a major improvement in the reuse of concrete waste for structural applications by overcoming the constraints recognized by the mechanical characteristics of RCA. The study is based on an extensive experimental program which evaluated critical parameters such as compressive and tensile strength, water absorption and acid resistance. The incorporation of 100% treated RCA aggregates improved compressive strength by 23% compared to the control mix of non-treated 100% RCA aggregates. Similarly for the same mix acid resistance strength demonstrated a 7% increase while the Non-destructive test results revealed that the treatment enhanced RCA performance by providing improved results through ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) readings that increased by 19% compared to the control mix of non-treated RCA aggregates (100%).