Background: Population‐based data are presented on the nature of dying in intellectual disability services.Methods: A retrospective survey was conducted over 18 months with a sample of UK‐based intellectual disability service providers that supported over 12,000. Core data were obtained for 222 deaths within this population. For 158 (71%) deaths, respondents returned a supplemented and modified version of VOICES‐SF.Results: The observed death was 12.2 deaths per 1,000 people supported per year, but just over a third deaths had been deaths anticipated by care staff. Mortality patterns, place of usual care and availability of external support exerted considerable influence over outcomes at the end of life.Conclusion: Death is not a common event in intellectual disability services. A major disadvantage experienced by people with intellectual disabilities was that their deaths were relatively unanticipated. People with intellectual disabilities living in supported living settings, even when their dying was anticipated, experienced poorer outcomes.

Purpose: There is an apparent disconnect between the understanding of best practice and service delivery in the support of people with learning disabilities at risk of behaviours that challenge. We suggest, is a problem of implementation. The purpose of this paper is to explore reasons why this might be the case: a failure to recognise the collective works of successive generations of research and practice; and a failure to address the macro-systems involved and systems changes needed to support implementation.Design/methodology/approach: This paper reviews the consensus that exists in respect of best practice. Drawing upon ideas from implementation science the paper highlights the complexities involved in the implementation of all evidence-based practices and uses this as a framework to propose ways in which an infrastructure that facilitates the delivery of services in the learning disabilities field might be built.Findings: This paper highlights core recommended practices that have been consistent over time and across sources and identifies the systems involved in the implementation process. This paper demonstrates that many of the necessary building blocks of implementation already exist and suggests areas that are yet to be addressed. Critically, the paper highlights the importance of, and the part that all systems need to play in the process.Originality/value: In the absence of any generalised implementation frameworks of evidence-based practice in the learning disabilities field, the paper suggests that the findings may provide the basis for understanding how the gap that exists between best practice and service delivery in the support of people with a learning disability at risk of behaviours that challenge might be closed.

The infinite-layer Cu${\mathrm{O}}_2$ structure of the ${\mathrm{Sr}}_x{\mathrm{Ca}}_y\mathrm{Cu}{\mathrm{O}}_2$ and ${\mathrm{Sr}}_x{\mathrm{Nd}}_{1-x}\mathrm{Cu}{\mathrm{O}}_2$ systems are predicted to result in a simple 2D Fermi surface and a single hybridized $\mathrm{Cu} d-\mathrm{O} p$ band. Unlike more complex high-$T_c$ superconductors, the Hall mobilities in these systems should be unaffected by multiband scattering, allowing a more direct interpretation of the data. Here, we report the absence of the $T^{-2\mathrm{}}$ mobility commonly observed in other cuprates, suggesting that the $T^{-2\mathrm{}}$ dependence may originate from interband $e^{-}-e^{-}$ scattering. Finally, an anomalous $T^{-2\mathrm{}}$ mobility presents new challenges to our understanding.

(2008). Active support is person-centred by definition: A response to Harman and Sanderson (2008) Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability: Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 274-277.

Lower deuterium levels reduce the need for the glycolysis lactate-producing metabolic pathway that only produces a net 2 ATP molecules com...

A case report is presented in which a type-II diabetic patient significantly improved his dysfunctional β-islet cells using a combination of a strenuous exercise program, cyclical ketogenic diet, and oral GABA/probiotic supplementation. The patient was diagnosed with type-II diabetes at the age of 41 which then progressed through a typical series of treatment changes over 14 years. Treatment periods consisted of metformin therapy alone for 4 years followed by a metformin/glyburide combination therapy for 6 years, and eventually an insulin/metformin combination therapy for 4 years. One year after the initiation of insulin, the patient increased the level of strenuous physical activity (hiking and weight lifting) and adopted a ketogenic diet. Oral GABA and probiotic supplementation were also initiated at the age of 52.7. By the age of 55, the patient no longer required any insulin and is currently being managed with metformin alone. C-peptide values indicate a functional improvement of the β-islet cells during the time of insulin/GABA/probiotic treatment.