Objective: The aims of the study were to determine the prevalence of ADHD in a population of high school students and to explore the factors associated with this disorder. Method: This was a cross-sectional study that had included 447 high school students. The diagnosis of ADHD was made by the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale translated in Arabic language. The sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were evaluated by a preestablished questionnaire. The self-esteem was assessed by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Results: The prevalence of ADHD was 18.1%. The logistic regression analysis showed an association between the diagnosis of ADHD and the bad relationships with parents (odds ratio [OR] = 16.43; p < 10-3), the presence of personal psychiatric antecedents (OR = 12.16; p < 10-3), internet misuse (OR = 2.39; p = .014), and maltreatment antecedents (OR = 3.16; p = .009). Conclusion: The prevalence of ADHD in this study was one of the highest prevalence reported. The factors associated with ADHD may have diagnostic and therapeutic implications.

INTRODUCTION: Chez le personnel soignant, le burnout touche un infirmier sur trois. Ce taux est plus ?lev? dans les unit?s prenant en charge des patients en fin de vie. L'objectif de notre travail ?tait d'?valuer la fr?quence du burnout chez les infirmiers qui travaillent en soins de fin de vie. METHODE: Il s'agit d'une ?tude descriptive transversale r?alis?e entre le 1 er Avril et le 31 Mai 2010. 60 infirmiers de six services de Sousse et de Monastir (Tunisie) ont ?t? recrut?s. L'?valuation du burnout a ?t? r?alis?e par deux ?chelles : MBI (Maslach Burnout Inventory) et BMS (Burnout Measure Short version). RESULTAT: La pr?valence du burnout ?tait de 70% ; il ?tait ?lev? chez 81.7%. 80% avaient un niveau ?lev? d'?puisement ?motionnel, 70% avaient un niveau ?lev? de d?personnalisation et 17 % avaient un niveau bas de sentiment d'accomplissement personnel. Le burnout ?tait plus ?lev? chez les hommes (70,8% vs 69,4% ; p=0,013) ; ceux qui voulaient am?liorer les conditions du travail (70.2% vs. 66.7% ; p= 0.017) ; du salaire (70.2% vs. 66.7% ; p= 0.017) et chez les infirmiers suivi en psychiatrie (71.4% vs. 69.8% ; p= 0.008). CONCLUSION: Dans notre ?tude le niveau de burnout ?tait ?lev? chez les infirmiers prenant en charge des patients en fin de vie. Il ?tait associ? au sexe masculin et ? l'insatisfaction des conditions de travail et du salaire. D'autres ?tudes longitudinales sont n?cessaires pour suivre l'?volution de ce syndrome et mettre des strat?gies de pr?vention ad?quates.

Background: Mental health-related stigma is a serious problem that has undesirable consequences for individuals with mental disorders including physical health disparities, increasing mortality, and social dysfunction. Besides, these individuals frequently report feeling ‘devalued, dismissed, and dehumanized’ when encountering health professionals who are also perpetrators of stigmatizing attitudes and discriminatory behaviors. Aims: The present study concentrates on attitudes, and behavioral responses of medical students and junior doctors toward individuals with a mental illness and explores factors associated with stigma including temperament. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students and junior doctors from medical schools of universities in Tunisia. All participants were invited to complete a brief anonymous electronic survey administered on the google forms online platform. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires, Stigma Measurement, Mental Illness: Clinicians’ Attitudes (MICA), Assessment of Affective Temperament, TEMPS-A scale. Results: A total of 1,028 medical students and junior doctors were recruited. The completion of a psychiatry clerkship for medical students didn’t improve significantly the level of stigma toward people with a mental illness. Students in the fourth year had significantly the lowest MICA scores comparing to other students. Psychiatrists had significantly lower scores of explicit stigma attitudes than the other groups (Mean score = 0.42). As for other specialties, surgical residents had more stigmatizing attitudes than those who had medical specialties. 70% of participants believed that people with a mental illness are more dangerous than the other patients. Hyperthymic temperament was significantly associated with decreased stigma attitudes toward patients with mental illness. Conclusion: A combination of medical school experiences of psychiatry’s theoretical learning and clerkship and wider societal beliefs are important factors that shape students. Awareness of this will enable educators to develop locally relevant anti-stigma teaching resources throughout the psychiatry curriculum to improve students’ attitudes toward mental illnesses.