Femoral cannulation is a minimally invasive method which is an alternative method for central cannulation. This review focuses on the parameters and features of the available peripheral cannulas. Nowadays there exist many peripheral cannulas in a variety of sizes, configurations and lengths to meet the specific needs of the patients. Modern cannulas are strong, thin-walled and one piece reinforced constructions. Furthermore, modern cannulas are manufactured from a biocompatible material and surface coatings are applied to the cannulas to reduce the activation of the clotting. When peripheral cannulas are applied, bleeding, thrombosis and hemolysis are the most common complications.

Visualization of soft tissues in microCT scanning using X-rays is still a complicated matter. There is no simple tool or methodology on how to set up an optimal look-up-table while respecting the type of soft tissue. A partial solution may be the use of a contrast agent. However, this must be accompanied by an appropriate look-up-table setting that respects the relationship between the soft tissue type and the Hounsfield units. The main aim of the study is to determine experimentally derived look-up-tables and relevant values of the Hounsfield units based on the statistical correlation analysis. These values were obtained from the liver and kidneys of 24 mice in solutions of ethanol as the centroid value of the opacity look-up-table area under this graph. Samples and phantom were scanned by a Bruker SkyScan 1275 micro-CT and Phywe XR 4.0 and processed using CTvox and ORS Dragonfly software. To reconstruct the micro-CT projections, NRecon software was used. The main finding of the study is that there is a statistically significant relationship between the centroid of the area under the look-up-table curve and the number of days for which the animal sample was stored in an ethanol solution. H1 of the first hypothesis, i.e. that suggested the Spearman’s correlation coefficient does not equal zero (r₁ ≠ 0) regarding this relationship was confirmed. On the other hand, there is no statistically significant relationship between the centroid of the area under the look-up-table curve and the concentration of the ethanol solution. In this case, H1 of the second hypothesis, i.e. that the Spearman’s correlation coefficient does not equal zero (r₂ ≠ 0) regarding this relationship was not confirmed. Spearman’s correlation coefficients were −0.27 for the concentration and −0.87 for the number of days stored in ethanol solution in the case of the livers of 13 mice and 0.06 for the concentration and 0.94 for the number of days stored in ethanol solution in the case of kidneys of 11 mice.

The posture of the head and shoulders can be influenced negatively by many diseases of the nervous system, visual and vestibular systems. We have designed a system and a set of procedures for evaluating the inclination (roll), flexion (pitch) and rotation (yaw) of the head and the inclination (roll) and rotation (yaw) of the shoulders. A new computational algorithm allows non-invasive and non-contact head and shoulder position measurement using two cameras mounted opposite each other, and the displacement of the optical axis of the cameras is also corrected.