Herein, MoS₂ nanoflowers were deposited on a plasmonic interface for a sensitivity-enhanced immunoassay by increasing the amount of the loaded antibodies.

Proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology is a groundbreaking therapeutic approach with significant clinical potential for degrading disease-inducing proteins within targeted cells. However, challenges related to insufficient target selectivity raise concerns about PROTAC toxicity toward normal cells. To address this issue, researchers are modifying PROTACs using various approaches to enhance their target specificity. This review highlights innovative optically controlled PROTACs as anti-cancer therapies currently used in clinical practice and explores the challenges associated with their efficacy and safety. The development of optically controlled PROTACs holds the potential to significantly expand the clinical applicability of PROTAC-based technology within the realm of drug discovery.

Detection of the biomarkers human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) and cancer antigen 125 (CA125) is an important parameter for ovarian cancer diagnosis and follow-up. For this reason, our study aimed to develop an immunological detection method for simultaneous detection of multiple ovarian cancer biomarkers based on a dual-signal system. The dual-signal system consists of quantum dot nanospheres (QDNBs) and fluorescent nanoparticles (FNPs) that emit different wavelengths of fluorescence under different excitation light. The HE4 and CA125 detection antibodies were conjugated with FNPs and QDNBs to form signal complexes, which produce a signal proportional to the concentration of HE4 and CA125. This dual-signal immunoassay was applied to human serum samples to detect HE4 and CA125 levels and compare them using an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assay. The linear range of the assay was determined to be 1.25–20 ng mL⁻¹ for HE4, and 9.4–200 U mL⁻¹ for CA125. Comparison of 25 human serum samples subjected to the ECL assay resulted in impressive correlation coefficients of 0.91 and 0.96 for HE4 and CA125, respectively. A quantitative method for detecting HE4 and CA125 was successfully established. Preliminary clinical sample analysis showed that the dual-signal immunoassay has a strong clinical value in the screening and diagnosis of ovarian cancer.