Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is emerging as a major public health issue worldwide, is characterized by a wide spectrum of liver disorders, ranging from simple fat accumulation in hepatocytes, also known as steatosis, to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. At present, the pharmacological treatment of NAFLD is still debated and dietary strategies for the prevention and the treatment of this condition are strongly considered. Polyphenols are a group of plant-derived compounds whose anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties are associated with a low prevalence of metabolic diseases, including obesity, hypertension, and insulin resistance. Since inflammation and oxidative stress are the main risk factors involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, recent studies suggest that the consumption of polyphenol-rich diets is involved in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. However, few clinical trials are available on human subjects with NAFLD. Here, we reviewed the emerging existing evidence on the potential use of polyphenols to treat NAFLD. After introducing the physiopathology of NAFLD, we focused on the most investigated phenolic compounds in the setting of NAFLD and described their potential benefits, starting from basic science studies to animal models and human trials.

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the liver are a rare entity. NETs are often poorly recognized, with diagnostic difficulties and differential challenges between primary tumors of the liver and metastases from other organs, mainly from the gastrointestinal tract. Multidisciplinary and multi-technical diagnosis is mandatory to properly treat these tumors. This case describes the complex history and the treatment course of a 68-year-old man with a history of NET onset after liver transplantation. Liver transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with advanced liver disease or acute liver failure, but careful pre- and post-transplant patient monitoring is required. Liver transplant patients receive immunosuppressive therapy, and donor livers should be screened to exclude potential malignancies. This clinical case, in addition to emphasizing the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulty of hepatic NET, underlines the role of post-transplant immunosuppressive therapy and pre-transplant screening, which includes a thorough evaluation of donor and recipient history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Moreover, post-transplant immunosuppressive therapy is essential to maintain the viability of the transplanted organ, but it is not free from potential risks, including an increased risk of cancer. Therefore, close monitoring of therapy is necessary to optimize long-term results and the patient’s quality of life.

Alagille syndrome (ALGS) is a genetic-driven condition of chronic cholestasis, involving the intrahepatic bile ducts, heart, vessels, kidneys, skeletal tissues, eyes, and nervous system. Pathological mechanisms are still not defined. JAG1 and NOTCH2 gene mutations are responsible for most cases (96–97%). Diagnosis is based on clinical and laboratory findings—especially the presence of chronic cholestasis—and on genetic assessment. Bone abnormalities, deficiency of liposoluble vitamins, heart issues, and pruritus are the most prominent features of ALGS. Diagnostic imaging, such as ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and bone mass density assessment, is useful to study hepatic disease progression, estimate the risk of bone fracture, and rule out malignities. Therapy is based on ursodeoxycholic acid, rifampicin, cholestyramine, and supplementation of liposoluble vitamins. New therapeutic approaches are under investigation. Here, we describe a case of an individual with ALGS presenting with congenital chronic cholestasis and a long clinical history, in which pruritus is the main symptom.