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Objective: The key objective of the article was to seek the answer to the question how the limitations of the first COVID-19-related lockdown affected small businesses offering accommodation services and how the businesses fared during the unlocking period. The side objective of the paper was to identify the actions undertaken in said businesses aimed at providing safety for the guests as well as to show the expectations such businesses had when it came to government aid. Methodology: In order to meet the objectives and to verify the working hypothesis, empirical research using the diagnostic survey method was conducted at the end of 2020. The article provides the results of the pilot survey carried out on a selected group of microbusinesses providing accommodation services. The link to the questionnaire was sent to 1000 entities, of which 47 completed it correctly. Findings: The tourist industry is among those affected most by the COVID-10 pandemic. The research revealed that during the first lockdown, the closure of accommodation businesses had a relatively strong impact on the subjects of the research. The situation remained similar during the first months of lifting of the restrictions. The summer brought a slight recovery albeit not as big as was expected. Nevertheless, strong premises were found which supported the hypothesis saying that such subjects – due to their size-dependent nature – fared relatively well in all three sub-periods. For the most part, such entities re-started their operations in spring. In many of them, the level of employment remained unchanged despite the significant drop in their incomes – mainly resulting from a lower number of foreign visitors and - to a lesser extent – from lower prices. The struggle for customers forced the subjects to introduce various solutions aimed at providing safety, which proved a considerable financial and organisational burden. Value added: The research is one of the first attempts in Poland to measure the impact of lockdown on the functioning of accommodation businesses and one of the few focusing on microbusinesses. The findings show to what extent the lockdown affected the operations of the entities in question, how the lifting of restrictions changed the situation in the summer, and what actions were taken to minimize the risk of infection. Recommendations: The findings show that the analysed entities are able to function in sanitary regime and that they support solutions which will allow them to offer their services in as safe a way as possible. On the other hand, they expect strong support from the state including subsidies or exemptions. It is to be expected that the need for this form of aid will grow even stronger after further lockdowns.
Maciej Dębski; Małgorzata Borkowska-Niszczota; Robert Andrzejczyk. Tourist Accommodation Establishments during the Pandemic – Consequences and Aid Report on a Survey among Polish Micro-enterprises Offering Accommodation Services. Journal of Intercultural Management 2021, 13, 1 -25.
AMA StyleMaciej Dębski, Małgorzata Borkowska-Niszczota, Robert Andrzejczyk. Tourist Accommodation Establishments during the Pandemic – Consequences and Aid Report on a Survey among Polish Micro-enterprises Offering Accommodation Services. Journal of Intercultural Management. 2021; 13 (1):1-25.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaciej Dębski; Małgorzata Borkowska-Niszczota; Robert Andrzejczyk. 2021. "Tourist Accommodation Establishments during the Pandemic – Consequences and Aid Report on a Survey among Polish Micro-enterprises Offering Accommodation Services." Journal of Intercultural Management 13, no. 1: 1-25.
This is an empirical study that is based on the results of questionnaire research on ecological behaviour and consumer choices shown by generation Z and their attitudes towards pro-ecological practices implemented as part of ecological policies in accommodation businesses. At the same time, an attempt was made to find out whether the implemented ideas could encourage this generation to choose places offering practices friendly to the environment and thus be a source of competitive advantage of such locations. The description of the results was preceded by an overview of past research on the issue and theoretical background on sustainable consumption. An analysis of the results showed that Generation Z in most cases tried to limit their negative impact on the environment as well as trying to apply ecological guidelines in practice. Generation Z support pro-ecological behaviour on a daily basis, however, this is mainly true when it comes to behaviour bringing financial or health-related benefits. The young approve of most pro-ecological practices in the accommodation industry but they differ in preferences and in exchange for their support, they expect financial rewards. In conclusion, this generation rates more highly accommodation facilities implementing pro-ecological practices and this translates into a greater willingness to stay at such places.
Maciej Dębski; Małgorzata Borkowska-Niszczota. Consumer ecological behaviour and attitudes towards pro-ecological activities in accommodation facilities by generation Z. Turyzm/Tourism 2020, 30, 43 -50.
AMA StyleMaciej Dębski, Małgorzata Borkowska-Niszczota. Consumer ecological behaviour and attitudes towards pro-ecological activities in accommodation facilities by generation Z. Turyzm/Tourism. 2020; 30 (2):43-50.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaciej Dębski; Małgorzata Borkowska-Niszczota. 2020. "Consumer ecological behaviour and attitudes towards pro-ecological activities in accommodation facilities by generation Z." Turyzm/Tourism 30, no. 2: 43-50.
Artykuł ma charakter empiryczny. Jest oparty na wynikach badań ankietowych. Głównym celem opracowania było ukazanie ekologicznych zachowań i wyborów konsumpcyjnych osób należących do pokolenia Z oraz ich stosunku do rozwiązań proekologicznych wdrażanych w ramach polityki ekologicznej przedsiębiorstw turystycznych świadczących usługi noclegowe. Autorzy artykułu próbowali również określić, czy wdrażane rozwiązania mogą zachęcić młodych ludzi do wyboru przyjaznych dla środowiska obiektów świadczących usługi noclegowe i tym samym być źródłem przewagi konkurencyjnej. Opis wyników badań własnych został poprzedzony przeglądem dotychczasowych studiów poświęconych analizowanym zagadnieniom oraz podstaw teoretycznych zrównoważonej konsumpcji. W tym celu wykorzystano metodę badań literaturowych. Analiza wyników pokazuje, że osoby zaliczane do pokolenie Z w większości starają się ograniczać swój negatywny wpływ na środowisko i stosować zasady ekologii w praktyce. Popierają zachowania proekologiczne, stąd na co dzień podejmują działania na rzecz ochrony środowiska, ale przeważnie takie, które dostarczają im korzyści finansowych oraz zdrowotnych. Młodzi deklarują – choć w różnym stopniu – akceptację większości rozwiązań proekologicznych wprowadzanych w bazie noclegowej. Za swoje zaangażowanie w praktykę proekologiczną w obiektach turystycznych oczekują jednak profitów finansowych. Mimo to lepiej oceniają obiekty wdrażające proekologiczne rozwiązania i chętniej by się w nich zatrzymali.
Maciej Dębski; Małgorzata Borkowska-Niszczota. Ekologiczne zachowania konsumpcyjne i stosunek do proekologicznych działań w obiektach noclegowych przedstawicieli pokolenia Z. Turyzm/Tourism 2020, 30, 45 -53.
AMA StyleMaciej Dębski, Małgorzata Borkowska-Niszczota. Ekologiczne zachowania konsumpcyjne i stosunek do proekologicznych działań w obiektach noclegowych przedstawicieli pokolenia Z. Turyzm/Tourism. 2020; 30 (2):45-53.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaciej Dębski; Małgorzata Borkowska-Niszczota. 2020. "Ekologiczne zachowania konsumpcyjne i stosunek do proekologicznych działań w obiektach noclegowych przedstawicieli pokolenia Z." Turyzm/Tourism 30, no. 2: 45-53.
This study aimed to analyze the conditions and specificity of family firms (FFs) providing accommodation services in Poland 30 years after the beginning of economic changes. The research was carried out between 2017 and 2018 using the Computer-Assisted Website Interview (CAWI) method. In two stages of research, a total of 1300 questionnaires were sent to FFs providing accommodation services, and we received 83 fully completed questionnaires. This response rate indicates that there is still a lack of trust among FFs as a result of the activities of the socialist economy, which was negative towards private property. The respondents were generally business owners, but several questionnaires were completed by other members of the families running an accommodation service business. All companies participating in the survey provided their services in small towns or rural areas. In the structure of the surveyed FFs by type, guesthouses and lodgings had the largest share, and, in terms of location, FFs from the southern part of the country dominated. We found out that familiarity is an important feature of the Polish FFs providing accommodation services. The majority of FF representatives agreed that focusing on the specifics of family business allows them to compete with companies providing accommodation services. They also pointed out the long-term perspective of business and development and the provision of high-quality services. Such an approach is now possible because the period of a centrally planned economy had to be followed by a change in the way of thinking related to business activity in Poland.
Hanna Górska-Warsewicz; Maciej Dębski; Krystyna Rejman; Wacław Laskowski. The Specificity of Family Firms Providing Accommodation Services—The Experience of a Post-Socialist Country 30 Years after the Economic Transformation. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10404 .
AMA StyleHanna Górska-Warsewicz, Maciej Dębski, Krystyna Rejman, Wacław Laskowski. The Specificity of Family Firms Providing Accommodation Services—The Experience of a Post-Socialist Country 30 Years after the Economic Transformation. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (24):10404.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHanna Górska-Warsewicz; Maciej Dębski; Krystyna Rejman; Wacław Laskowski. 2020. "The Specificity of Family Firms Providing Accommodation Services—The Experience of a Post-Socialist Country 30 Years after the Economic Transformation." Sustainability 12, no. 24: 10404.
Small and micro businesses form the largest group of entities offering services to tourists in tourist destinations. A majority of them are family businesses accommodation facilities. The study tests the hypothesis that the family nature of a business offering accommodation services can be a source of real competitive advantage being of significance for a certain group of clients. The advantage can be shaped by creating an image based on the owner’s involvement and hospitality. As the literature research indicated, in the case of the businesses described, it is relatively easy to develop a bond between the facility’s manager and their clients. The deliberations were extended by an empirical study conducted on a group of young people from Poland and Ukraine. Its results have indicated that accommodation services are significant elements of the satisfaction among the clients surveyed, and that in the group surveyed, the key reason for a trip is the intention to “experience and learn” and not comfort. It has also been confirmed that the determinants of accommodation services related to broadly defined hospitality are significant, however, not key in the group analyzed.
Maciej Dębski; Łukasz Sułkowski. Hospitality in the image of small family accommodation businesses. Innovative Marketing 2019, 15, 13 -29.
AMA StyleMaciej Dębski, Łukasz Sułkowski. Hospitality in the image of small family accommodation businesses. Innovative Marketing. 2019; 15 (1):13-29.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaciej Dębski; Łukasz Sułkowski. 2019. "Hospitality in the image of small family accommodation businesses." Innovative Marketing 15, no. 1: 13-29.
Paulina Kramarz; Maciej Dębski; Lidia Luty. Trends in entrepreneurial behaviour among immigrant students: Conclusions from research conducted at the University of Social Sciences. International Entrepreneurship Review 2019, 5, 25 -39.
AMA StylePaulina Kramarz, Maciej Dębski, Lidia Luty. Trends in entrepreneurial behaviour among immigrant students: Conclusions from research conducted at the University of Social Sciences. International Entrepreneurship Review. 2019; 5 (4):25-39.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaulina Kramarz; Maciej Dębski; Lidia Luty. 2019. "Trends in entrepreneurial behaviour among immigrant students: Conclusions from research conducted at the University of Social Sciences." International Entrepreneurship Review 5, no. 4: 25-39.