About 2.5 million tonnes of copper smelter slag are available in Küre, northern part of Turkey. This slag contains large amounts of metallic values such as copper and cobalt. A representative slag sample containing 0.98% Cu, 0.49% Co and 51.47% Fe was used in the experimental studies. Two different methods, direct acid leaching and acid baking followed by hot water leaching were used for recovering Cu and Co from the slag. The effects of leaching time, temperature and acid concentration on Cu- and Co-dissolving efficiencies were investigated in the direct acid leaching tests. The optimum leaching conditions were found to be a leaching time of 2 h, acid concentration of 120 g L^-1, and temperature of 60°C. Under these conditions, 78% Cu and 90% Co were extracted. In the acid baking + hot water leaching tests, 74% Co was dissolved after 1 h of roasting at 200°C using a 3: 1 acid: slag ratio, whereas the Cu-dissolving efficiency was 79% and the total slag weight loss was approximately 50%.

Wollastonite and calcite minerals are significant raw materials and are extensively used due to their unique properties. Wollastonite is used in plastics, paint, ceramics, paper, resins, and in construction as a substitution for asbestos due to its chemical stability, thermal resistivity, needle-like shape, and brightness. Calcite is one of the most used raw materials because of its low hardness, high alkalinity, sorptive properties, white and bright color. Wollastonite and calcite are two minerals found together in nature. The most common method used for separating these two minerals is flotation. In this study, the surface properties of pure mineral samples were investigated. The pH profiles of both minerals were obtained by measuring the surface charge of particles followed by the measurement of the zeta potential in different collector concentrations. The wettability of minerals was examined by measuring their contact angles.

Potassium, which is included in certain contents in the structure of K-feldspar minerals, has a very important function in the growth of plants. Turkey hosts the largest feldspar reserves in the world and is by far the leader in feldspar mining. The production of potassium salts from local natural sources can provide great contributions both socially and economically in the agriculture industry along with glass production, cleaning materials, paint, bleaching powders, and general laboratory purposes. In this study, potassium extraction from K-feldspar ore with an 8.42% K₂O content was studied using chloridizing (CaCl₂) roasting followed by water leaching. Initially, to produce wollastonite and calcite concentrates, froth flotation tests were conducted on wollastonite-calcite ore after comminution. Thus, wollastonite and calcite concentrates with purities of 99.4% and 91.96% were successfully produced. Then, a calcite concentrate was combined with hydrochloric acid (HCl) under optimal conditions of a 1 mol/L HCl acid concentration, a 60 °C leaching temperature, and a 10 min leaching time to produce CaCl₂. To bring out the importance of roasting before the dissolution process, different parameters such as roasting temperature, duration, and feldspar—CaCl₂ ratios were tested. Under optimal conditions (a 900 °C roasting temperature, a 60 min duration, and a 1:1.5 feldspar—CaCl₂ ratio), 98.6% of the potassium was successfully extracted by the water leaching process described in this article.

Obtaining detailed and precise information from a classified refractory gold ore has been a long-standing challenge in mineral processing and process mineralogy. Although the concept of diagnostic leaching has been extensively addressed in the literature, very little information is available linking this approach with current advanced characterization techniques such as automated mineralogy. The present research study aims to characterize the flotation concentrate of refractory gold ore by combining diagnostic leaching and automated mineralogy to examine its processability. The diagnostic leaching process was applied stepwise at five stages, and the automated mineralogy was performed on different size fractions of the flotation concentrate. The chemical (X-ray fluorescence (XRF), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES)) and mineralogical (X-ray diffraction (XRD)) analyses of the feed sample confirmed that the ore is a low-grade gold ore with 0.7 g/t Au. Initially, bottle roll tests were carried out to investigate leaching behavior, and the ore’s refractory nature, and gold recoveries of bottle roll tests in different sizes were below 40 wt%; it is classified as a high refractory gold ore as a result of direct cyanide leaching. Bulk sulfide flotation was applied to increase the gold content of the material. Automated mineralogy results demonstrated that most of the gold in the concentrate is present as an invisible gold form, and 63.7 wt% of gold was distributed in pyrite. Diagnostic leaching results showed 39.7 wt% of total gold was leachable using direct cyanide leaching, and around 33 wt% of undissolved gold was located in pyrite and arsenopyrite.

Due to the depletion of well-known feldspar reserves in the forms of granite, trachyte and pegmatite, many investigations are focused on new and economic alternatives to these resources. Of these, gneiss is a metamorphic rock type, which is characterized by dark and light colored minerals including feldspar and quartz. In this study, Augen-Gneiss rock was subjected to flotation tests to produce alkali (Na + Ca) feldspar and quartz concentrates by adapting different flotation conditions with/without hydrofluoric acid (HF). During these tests, the effect of particle size and different reagent combinations were investigated. The results of these tests showed that, in the presence of HF, a saleable feldspar concentrate with 0.04% Fe₂O₃ content and a saleable quartz concentrate with 98.45% SiO₂ content were obtained. Products with similar qualities to a feldspar concentrate with 0.13% Fe₂O₃ and a quartz concentrate with 92.53% SiO₂ content were produced without HF. The results of these tests clearly showed that, compared to other types of origin, saleable quality feldspar and quartz could well be enriched with/without HF from Augen-Gneiss rock.

Amaç: Bu çalışma, hemşirelik ikinci sınıf öğrencilerinin cerrahi hastalıkları hemşireliği yaz stajı uygulamalarındaki hemşirelik tanıları ve girişimlerinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapıldı.Yöntem: Retrospektif ve tanımlayıcı tipte yapılan araştırmanın evrenini Karadeniz bölgesinde bir devlet üniversitesinin Sağlık Yüksekokulu’nda Cerrahi Hastalıkları Hemşireliği yaz stajını tamamlayan 108 öğrenci oluşturdu. Araştırmanın verileri Haziran-Eylül 2015 tarihleri arasında yaz stajı yapan öğrencilerin dosyalarından toplandı. Hemşirelik tanıları North American Nursing Diagnosis Association-I (NANDA-I) tanı listesine göre incelendi. Verilerin analizi bilgisayarda istatistik paket programı kullanılarak sıklık ve yüzdelik olarak yapıldı.Bulgular: Araştırmada incelenen toplam 108 yaz staj dosyasında 216 hemşirelik tanısı incelenmiş ve 29 farklı hemşirelik tanısı belirlenmiştir. Tanılara yönelik 786 hemşirelik uygulaması ve 48 farklı hemşirelik girişimi saptanmıştır. Staj süresince öğrencilerin en fazla belirledikleri beş hemşirelik tanısı akut ağrı (%25.9), enfeksiyon riski (%18.5), anksiyete (%9.7), uyku düzeninde bozulma (%5.6) ve kanama riskidir (%5.1). Hemşirelik tanılarına yönelik en fazla yapılan hemşirelik uygulamaları ise sırasıyla; hekim istemindeki analjezik ilaçların uygulanması (%7.4), hastaya bilgi verilmesi (%6.2), hastanın yaşamsal bulgularının takibi (%5.7), hastaya pozisyon verilmesi (%5.0) ve hastaya egzersiz yaptırılmasıdır (%4.8).Sonuç: Araştırma sonucunda öğrenciler tarafından konulan hemşirelik tanılarının ve yapılan girişimlerin sınırlı olduğu saptandı. Bu doğrultuda eğitim müfredatında ve klinik uygulamada hemşirelik sürecine ilişkin vaka tartışmalarının artırılması önerilebilir.