Aortic diseases, including thoracic and abdominal aneurysms as well as aortic dissections, represent life-threatening vascular disorders characterized by progressive wall degeneration and inflammation. Increasing evidence indicates that oxidative stress is a central driver of aortic pathology through the induction of DNA damage in vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. Oxidative DNA lesions activate the DNA damage response (DDR), a highly coordinated network of damage sensors, signaling kinases, and repair effectors that determines cell fate decisions such as DNA repair, apoptosis, or cellular senescence. In aortic tissue, persistent or dysregulated DDR signaling contributes to chronic inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation, and loss of vascular integrity. Key molecular regulators, including base excision repair enzymes OGG1 and APE1, as well as DDR mediators such as ATM, ATR, p53, PARP, and NOTCH1, integrate oxidative stress signals with pro-inflammatory and pro-degenerative pathways. Aberrant activation of these mechanisms promotes vascular smooth muscle cell VSMC phenotypic switching from contractile to synthetic phenotype, endothelial dysfunction, and senescence-associated secretory responses, thereby accelerating aortic wall weakening and aneurysm progression. This review highlights the mechanistic links between oxidative stress-induced DNA damage, DDR pathway activation, and vascular remodeling in aortopathies. A deeper understanding of these molecular interactions may uncover novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets aimed at limiting inflammation, preserving genomic stability, and preventing catastrophic aortic events. This work represents a narrative review and therefore has inherent limitations in terms of systematic literature search and selection.

Obesity is a major risk factor for both venous and arterial thrombosis, largely mediated by chronic oxidative stress and hemostatic dysregulation. Excess adipose tissue enhances the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from adipocytes and infiltrating macrophages, leading to lipid, protein, and DNA oxidation, reduced antioxidant capacity, and a pro-inflammatory milieu. These molecular alterations promote endothelial dysfunction, platelet hyperreactivity, hypercoagulability, and impaired fibrinolysis, creating a systemic prothrombotic state. Traditional coagulation assays provide limited insight into the dynamic process of thrombus formation under physiological flow. The Total Thrombus-Formation Analysis System (T-TAS) offers a microfluidic, flow-based platform that evaluates thrombus formation in whole blood under controlled shear conditions using collagen- or tissue factor-coated chips. T-TAS parameters, such as time to occlusion, area under the curve (AUC), and pressure kinetics, integrate platelet function, coagulation, and thrombus stability, providing a sensitive assessment of prothrombotic phenotypes. Combining oxidative stress biomarkers (e.g., malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, and total antioxidant capacity) with T-TAS-derived functional readouts enables a multidimensional evaluation of thrombosis risk in obese individuals. This review highlights current evidence linking obesity-induced oxidative stress to hemostatic disturbances and illustrates the translational potential of the T-TAS for mechanistic studies and clinical risk stratification. Understanding the interplay between redox imbalance and thrombus formation under flow conditions may inform novel therapeutic strategies to prevent obesity-related thromboembolic events.

Adamczyk, M.; Giza, A.; Kurylczyk, A.; Terefenko, P., and Zalewski T., 2020. Spatial distribution characteristics of water safety services in Poland. In: Malvárez, G. and Navas, F. (eds.), Global Coastal Issues of 2020. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 95, pp. 733–737. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The World Health Organization (WHO) states that drowning is one of the most common reason of unintentional damage to health or loss of life constituting around 7% of all deaths. Although the problem of drowning has been widely discussed by world literature, no publications for Poland have undertaken research on the correlation between drowning and spatial distribution characteristics of water safety services. In Westpomerania Region (Poland) coastal safety plays important role. Large number of entities attend in the water rescuing activities. In spite of the above-mentioned the existing system does not fulfill perfectly the main aim which is to minimize the risk of drowning mainly due to ineffective spatial distributions of services. To realize appropriate analysis data collected from the Central Statistical Office, drowning reports and the scope of activities have been analyzed. The units were categorized, their operation subjected to the space-time cluster analysis in terms of the range of activities, protected areas and times of reaching the accidents. Those allowed for both, spatial distribution characteristics of water safety services and their evaluation. The results indicate that the current system is ineffective and inefficient in the context of survival of drowning person. The probable explanation is that the services cover too little area, and drowning occurs in places where the time of reaching exceeds 20 minutes. Achieved results enabled to map out new guidelines for drowning prevention strategy for local authorities. The introduction of the developed tools for water safety practice may result in a reduction in the number of drowning in Poland.

Thoracic aortopathies, including aneurysm and dissection, are complex vascular disorders characterized by structural alterations of the aortic wall that disrupt normal haemodynamics. Altered shear stress, turbulent flow, and endothelial dysfunction promote thrombus formation and modulate systemic hemostasis via platelet activation and the von Willebrand factor–ADAMTS13 axis. The Total Thrombus-Formation Analysis System (T-TAS) is a microfluidic, flow-dependent assay that quantitatively evaluates thrombus formation under physiological shear conditions. Although studied in various cardiovascular contexts, its application in aortopathies remains largely unexplored, and no prospective studies have validated its clinical utility. Integrating T-TAS with computational haemodynamic approaches, such as two-way fluid–structure interaction simulations, enables assessment of the interplay between blood flow, vessel wall mechanics, pulse wave propagation, and local shear patterns. Patient-specific modelling, including individualized flow profiles, pressure distributions, and wall properties, may enhance mechanistic insights. Genetic variants in Fibrillin-1 gene (FBN1), Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor 1/2 (TGFBR1/2), Actin Alpha 2 (ACTA 2), and Myosin Heavy Chain 11 (MYH11) further contribute to structural vascular heterogeneity and diverse systemic haemostatic phenotypes, highlighting the need for personalized assessment. T-TAS should currently be considered an exploratory research tool rather than a validated diagnostic or prognostic method. This narrative review proposes a hypothesis-generating framework integrating structural, haemodynamic, molecular, and functional perspectives. Combining flow-based thrombosis assays with advanced modelling may inform future translational studies, improve mechanistic understanding of thrombus formation, and support personalized risk stratification and management in patients with thoracic aortopathies.

Purpose: evaluate the impact of the implementation of the project “Polish-Kazakh Regional Center for Training, Safety and Rescue” within the framework of the “RITA - Region in Transition” program on the level of knowledge, skills and abilities in the field of medical care. Material and methods. The study involved 646 participants in the first aid training using the BLS algorithm based on the Non-Profit Joint Stock Company “K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University.” The study involved: determining the level of stress in the event of being in a situation where it is necessary to provide assistance to a person who has lost consciousness; assessment of the Basic Life Support (BLS) algorithm of actions; assessing the effectiveness of chest compressions on the Laerdal Little Anne QCPR manikin. Results. It was revealed that after completing the BLS training, the project participants’ stress level, if they find themselves in a situation where it is necessary to provide assistance to a person who has lost consciousness, has decreased significantly. Based on the results of testing the assessment of the BLS action algorithm, it was found that the level of knowledge and skills in providing first aid improved by 75,9%. It was found that the efficiency of pressing on the chest of the manikin improved by 53,3% after training. Positive changes in all indicators indicate that BLS training using the KISS (keep it short and simple) methodology is accessible, understandable and effective for all project participants. It was found that indicators of stress level, BLS action algorithm and QCPR effectiveness both at the beginning and at the end of the study have a correlation dependence. Reduced stress levels occur due to increased preparedness among participants and contributes to more effective care delivery. The reliable nature of the connections confirms the assumptions made and gives grounds to assert that the goal of the project has been achieved. Conclusions. The results obtained prove the effectiveness of the implementation of the project “Polish-Kazakh Regional Center for Training, Safety and Rescue”. Thanks to the events carried out, a large number of voters approved the formation of comprehensive competence to provide first aid in the case of Sudden Cardiac Arrest. As a result of the trainings, participants acquired practical skills in carrying out resuscitation measures, mastered the algorithm for providing assistance, and increased the level of confidence in their own theoretical knowledge and practical skills. This project proves that social activism and collaboration between scientists can be very effective and lead to systemic change. In Kazakhstan, where high rates of Sudden Cardiac Arrest are recorded, thanks to the implementation of international projects, a number of events and trainings have already been introduced, largely popularizing the ability to provide first aid, which will further influence the activities of governmental and non-governmental organizations. The results obtained allow us to recommend similar projects for implementation in other countries