The effects of the labor market on environmental issues are an actual problem at the global level, and recommendations are required to achieve equilibrium between labor productivity and environmental protection. Considering the ecological limits of work and the necessity of reducing the working time to mitigate GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions, this paper aims to assess the impact of the labor market on GHG emissions in the EU-28 countries. Using panel data models for 2007–2019, a positive effect of working time for employed persons on GHG emissions was detected. Labor productivity has a positive impact on emissions for most of the developed countries in the EU (old member states), while the effect is negative in the case of most of the new member states, which suggests that more efforts should be made by old member states to correlate labor productivity with a sustainable level of GHG emissions. As a novelty for research in the field, we assessed also the effect of targeted labor utilization on GHG emissions in order to describe the context of a sustainable economy that is an objective for each country in the EU. These results suggest that progress in GHG emissions mitigation might be achieved by reducing the working time for employed persons, which will also improve well-being. These recommendations could be useful also for other developed countries outside the EU that encounter the same difficulties.

Doping of graphene and a controlled induction of disturbances in the graphene lattice allows the production of numerous active sites for lithium ions on the surface and edges of graphene nanolayers and improvement of the functionality of the material in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). This work presents the process of introducing boron and fluorine atoms into the structure of the reduced graphene during hydrothermal reaction with boron fluoride tetrahydrofuran (BF₃·THF). The described process is a simple, one-step synthesis with little to no side products. The synthesized materials showed an irregular, porous structure, with an average pore size of 3.44–3.61 nm (total pore volume (BJH)) and a multi-layer structure and a developed specific surface area at the level of 586–660 m²/g (analysis of specific surface Area (BET)). On the external surfaces, the occurrence of irregular particles with a size of 0.5 to 10 µm was observed, most probably the effect of doping the graphene structure and the formation of sp³ hybridization defects. The obtained materials show the ability to store electric charge due to the development of the specific surface area. Based on cyclic voltammetry, the tested material showed a capacity of 450–550 mAh/g (charged up to 2.5 V).

This study investigates the anti-cut properties of a composite based on basalt fabrics with varied structural characteristics, including weave and thread density, enhanced with reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The primary aim is to evaluate the potential of integrating rGO into a basalt matrix to improve its resistance to cutting and mechanical damage. The results indicate that adding rGO significantly increases the cutting resistance of the composite. Molecular simulations demonstrate that the composite, which combines a cross-linked LG 700 resin, rGO, and basalt, is one of the most thermodynamically stable configurations due to strong electrostatic interactions between its components. These interactions and the formation of physical bonds at the interfaces stiffen the material, while also allowing for a unique crack-toughening effect. This resilience, which enables the reformation of physical interactions after stress, directly contributes to the composite’s enhanced resistance to catastrophic failure and its observed performance in cutting tests. These findings suggest that basalt–resin with rGO composites hold great potential for applications requiring high mechanical strength and durability, such as protective clothing (e.g., gloves) and anti-vandalism materials. The study concludes that the developed composite represents a promising advancement for materials exposed to cutting forces.