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A study of the trichomes types and distribution and pollen morphology was carried out in nine Micromeria taxa (M. cristata ssp. cristata, M. cristata ssp. kosaninii, M. croatica, M. graeca ssp. graeca, M. graeca ssp. fruticulosa, M. juliana, M. kerneri, M. longipedunculata and M. microphylla) and five closely related Clinopodium species (C. dalmaticum, C. frivaldszkyanum, C. pulegium, C. serpyllifolium and C. thymifolium) from the Lamiaceae family of the Balkan Peninsula. By scanning electron microscope, non-glandular trichomes, peltate and capitate trichomes were observed on the calyx, leaves and stem of the studied species. Two subtypes of capitate trichomes were observed in Micromeria species: subtype 1 (consisting of a basal epidermal cell and an elliptically shaped head cell) and subtype 2 (consisting of a basal epidermal cell, two to three stalk cells and a round head cell). In Clinopodium species, three types of capitate trichomes were observed: subtype 1, subtype 3 (consisting of a basal epidermal cell, a short peduncle cell, and a single round head cell), and subtype 4 (consisting of a basal epidermal cell, a stalk cell, and an elongated head cell). These results support the recent transfer of Micromeria species from the section Pseudomelissa to the genus Clinopodium.
Dario Kremer; Edith Stabentheiner; Faruk Bogunić; Dalibor Ballian; Eleni Eleftheriadou; Danijela Stešević; Vlado Matevski; Vladimir Ranđelović; Daniella Ivanova; Mirko Ruščić; Valerija Dunkić. Micromorphological Traits of Balcanic Micromeria and Closely Related Clinopodium Species (Lamiaceae). Plants 2021, 10, 1666 .
AMA StyleDario Kremer, Edith Stabentheiner, Faruk Bogunić, Dalibor Ballian, Eleni Eleftheriadou, Danijela Stešević, Vlado Matevski, Vladimir Ranđelović, Daniella Ivanova, Mirko Ruščić, Valerija Dunkić. Micromorphological Traits of Balcanic Micromeria and Closely Related Clinopodium Species (Lamiaceae). Plants. 2021; 10 (8):1666.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDario Kremer; Edith Stabentheiner; Faruk Bogunić; Dalibor Ballian; Eleni Eleftheriadou; Danijela Stešević; Vlado Matevski; Vladimir Ranđelović; Daniella Ivanova; Mirko Ruščić; Valerija Dunkić. 2021. "Micromorphological Traits of Balcanic Micromeria and Closely Related Clinopodium Species (Lamiaceae)." Plants 10, no. 8: 1666.
Chemical profile and antioxidant activity of the species Veronica saturejoides Vis. ssp. saturejoides (Plantaginaceae)—which is endemic to Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro —were investigated. Volatile compounds produced by glandular trichomes (composed of one stalk cell and two elliptically formed head cells according to scanning electron microscope investigation) were isolated from the plants collected in two locations. Additionally, as a part of specialized metabolites, total polyphenols, total tannins, total flavonoids and total phenolic acids were determined spectrophotometrically. In the lipophilic volatile fractions-essential oils, the most abundant compounds identified were hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, caryophyllene oxide and hexadecanoic acid. In total, the class of oxygenated sesquiterpenes and the group of fatty aldehydes, acids and alcoholic compounds dominated in the essential oils. In the hydrophilic volatile fractions-hydrosols, the most abundant compounds identified were trans-p-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol, allo-aromadendrene and (E)-caryophyllene. A group of oxygenated monoterpenes and the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons dominated in the hydrosols. Antioxidant activity of essential oils and hydrosols was tested with two methods: 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Essential oils showed higher antioxidant activity than hydrosols and showed similar antioxidant activity to Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil. Obtained results demonstrate that this genus is a potential source of volatiles with antioxidant activity.
Marija Nazlić; Dario Kremer; Renata Jurišić Grubešić; Barbara Soldo; Elma Vuko; Edith Stabentheiner; Dalibor Ballian; Faruk Bogunić; Valerija Dunkić. Endemic Veronica saturejoides Vis. ssp. saturejoides–Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Free Volatile Compounds. Plants 2020, 9, 1646 .
AMA StyleMarija Nazlić, Dario Kremer, Renata Jurišić Grubešić, Barbara Soldo, Elma Vuko, Edith Stabentheiner, Dalibor Ballian, Faruk Bogunić, Valerija Dunkić. Endemic Veronica saturejoides Vis. ssp. saturejoides–Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Free Volatile Compounds. Plants. 2020; 9 (12):1646.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarija Nazlić; Dario Kremer; Renata Jurišić Grubešić; Barbara Soldo; Elma Vuko; Edith Stabentheiner; Dalibor Ballian; Faruk Bogunić; Valerija Dunkić. 2020. "Endemic Veronica saturejoides Vis. ssp. saturejoides–Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Free Volatile Compounds." Plants 9, no. 12: 1646.
The present results dealing with the antiphytoviral activity of essential oil indicate that these plant metabolites can trigger a response to viral infection. The essential oil from Micromeria croatica and the main oil components β-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide were tested for antiphytoviral activity on plants infected with satellite RNA associated cucumber mosaic virus. Simultaneous inoculation of virus with essential oil or with the dominant components of oil, and the treatment of plants prior to virus inoculation, resulted in a reduction of virus infection in the local and systemic host plants. Treatment with essential oil changed the level of alternative oxidase gene expression in infected Arabidopsis plants indicating a connection between the essential oil treatment, aox gene expression and the development of viral infection.
Elma Vuko; Gordana Rusak; Valerija Dunkić; Dario Kremer; Ivan Kosalec; Biljana Rađa; Nada Bezić. Inhibition of Satellite RNA Associated Cucumber Mosaic Virus Infection by Essential Oil of Micromeria croatica (Pers.) Schott. Molecules 2019, 24, 1342 .
AMA StyleElma Vuko, Gordana Rusak, Valerija Dunkić, Dario Kremer, Ivan Kosalec, Biljana Rađa, Nada Bezić. Inhibition of Satellite RNA Associated Cucumber Mosaic Virus Infection by Essential Oil of Micromeria croatica (Pers.) Schott. Molecules. 2019; 24 (7):1342.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElma Vuko; Gordana Rusak; Valerija Dunkić; Dario Kremer; Ivan Kosalec; Biljana Rađa; Nada Bezić. 2019. "Inhibition of Satellite RNA Associated Cucumber Mosaic Virus Infection by Essential Oil of Micromeria croatica (Pers.) Schott." Molecules 24, no. 7: 1342.
The aim of this study was screening of phytochemical and antioxidant properties of aerial parts of Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Herit., a native traditional medicinal plant, from four localities of northern (Buzin, Trešnjevka), central (Plitvice) and eastern part of Croatia (Podvinje). The content of total polyphenols and tannins (TP and T; Folin-Ciocalteu assay) [1], total flavonoids (TF; colorimetric assay with AlCl3) [2] and total hydroxycinnamic derivatives (THD; colorimetric assay with nitrite-molybdate reagent) [3] in plant extracts (aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic) was quantified. Well-established assays were used to determine the antioxidant potency of the extracts: the Ferric Reducing/Antioxidant Power assay (FRAP) [4], 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay [5], and 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assay [6]. The contents of TP, T, TF, and THD in aerial parts of the investigated plant populations significantly varied depending on the collection site, and were in the range of 4.78% – 12.85% (TP), 3.23 – 5.80% (T), 0.42 – 1.09% (TF), and 1.08 – 2.59% (THD). The sample collected from locality Plitvice exhibited significantly higher content of TP (12.85 ± 0.33%), T (5.80%± 0.34%), TF (1.09%± 0.04%), and THD (2.59 ± 0.12%) in comparison with other examined samples. The analyzed extracts exhibited high antioxidant capacity according to all three assays with the highest for methanol extracts. The highest results of antioxidant assays were obtained for Plitvice population of E. cicutarium (L.) L'Herit., i.e. 28.15µmol Fe2+/g DW* (FRAP), 1.94 mmol/L TEAC** (DPPH), and 1.63 mM TEAC (ABTS). These results contribute to the scientific study of phytotherapeutic potential of the investigated plant species, especially in relation to bioactive polyphenolic substances, and give an impetus for further in vitro and in vivo biological studies. Note: *DW = dry weight; **TEAC = Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity. Keywords: Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Herit, antioxidant capacity, polyphenols. References: [1] Jurišić Grubešić R, Vuković J, Kremer D, Vladimir-Knežević S. Spectrophotometric method for polyphenols analysis: prevalidation and application on Plantago L. species. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 39: 837 – 842 [2] Jurišić Grubešić R, Vuković J, Kremer D, Vladimir-Knežević S. Flavonoid content assay: Prevalidation and application on Plantago L. species. Acta Chim Slov 2007; 54: 397 – 406 [3] European Pharmacopoeia, 6th Edition, Vol. 2, Strasbourg: Councile of Europe, 2007 [4] Benzie IFF, Strain JJ. Ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay: direct measure of total antioxidant activity of biological fluids and modified version for simultaneous measurement of total antioxidant power and ascorbic acid concentration. Met Enzymol 1999; 299: 15 – 27 [5] Brand-Williams W, Cuvelier ME, Berset C. Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT-Food Sci Technol 1995; 28: 25 – 30 [6] Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, Rice-Evans C. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radic Biol Med 1999; 26: 1231 – 1237
V Ljoljić Bilić; J Vuković Rodríguez; R Jurišić Grubešić; D Kremer; Ž Juričić. Quantitative analysis of polyphenols and antioxidant activity of Croatian populations of Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Herit (Geraniaceae). Planta Medica 2016, 81, S1 -S381.
AMA StyleV Ljoljić Bilić, J Vuković Rodríguez, R Jurišić Grubešić, D Kremer, Ž Juričić. Quantitative analysis of polyphenols and antioxidant activity of Croatian populations of Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Herit (Geraniaceae). Planta Medica. 2016; 81 (S 01):S1-S381.
Chicago/Turabian StyleV Ljoljić Bilić; J Vuković Rodríguez; R Jurišić Grubešić; D Kremer; Ž Juričić. 2016. "Quantitative analysis of polyphenols and antioxidant activity of Croatian populations of Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Herit (Geraniaceae)." Planta Medica 81, no. S 01: S1-S381.
Satureja montanaL. and S. subspicata Vis. (Lamiaceae) are used for centuries in traditional medicine of Balcanic people in the healing of the lymphatic nodule and respiratory system inflammation. In this paper the amount of total phenols and flavonoids (analyzed by UV/Vis spectrophotometry), phenolic compounds profile (analyzed by HPLC), antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were studied in samples collected in seven per species populations of S. montanaand S. subspicatain Croatia. Eight phenolic compounds (rutin, quercetin, caffeic, p-coumaric, ellagic, protocatehuic, rosmarinic, and syringic acid) were identified and quantified using HPLC in methanolic and ethanolic extracts. Results showed that both species contained polyphenolics and other antioxidant compounds with chelating and radical-scavenging properties. The extracts prepared from both species showed broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity on in vitrotested microbial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. krusei, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and Microsporum gypseum).
Dario Kremer; Iztok Jože Košir; Marijana Zovko Končić; Andreja Čerenak; Tanja Potočnik; Siniša Srečec; Marko Randić; Ivan Kosalec. Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Satureja Montana L. and S. Subspicata Vis. (Lamiaceae). Current Drug Targets 2015, 16, 1623 -1633.
AMA StyleDario Kremer, Iztok Jože Košir, Marijana Zovko Končić, Andreja Čerenak, Tanja Potočnik, Siniša Srečec, Marko Randić, Ivan Kosalec. Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Satureja Montana L. and S. Subspicata Vis. (Lamiaceae). Current Drug Targets. 2015; 16 (14):1623-1633.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDario Kremer; Iztok Jože Košir; Marijana Zovko Končić; Andreja Čerenak; Tanja Potočnik; Siniša Srečec; Marko Randić; Ivan Kosalec. 2015. "Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Satureja Montana L. and S. Subspicata Vis. (Lamiaceae)." Current Drug Targets 16, no. 14: 1623-1633.
Analysis of the morphological traits of leaves, genetic variability (analyzed by AFLP) and chemical composition of essential oils (analyzed by GC-MS) was conducted on eleven populations of the endemic Illyric-Balcanic species Teucrium arduini L. in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro. Average blade length and width ranged from 20.00 to 31.47mm and from 11.58 to 15.66mm, respectively. Multivariate analysis (PCA, UPGMA) of morphological traits distinguished two continental Bosnian populations from the remaining populations. AFLP analysis separated the investigated populations into two groups based primarily on geographical distance. Essential oil analysis showed a total of 52 compounds, with two chemotypes distinguished based on the essential oil profile. The first was a sesquiterpene chemotype, with β-caryophyllene, germacrene D or caryophyllene oxide as the major compounds, while the second was an oxygenated monoterpene chemotype, with pulegone and piperitone oxide as the main components. The Mantel test showed a stronger correlation between the morphological traits and AFLP than between the essential oil profile and AFLP. The test also showed a stronger association between the essential oil profile and geographical position than between the morphological traits and geographical position.
Dario Kremer; Snježana Bolarić; Dalibor Ballian; Faruk Bogunić; Danijela Stešević; Ksenija Karlović; Ivan Kosalec; Aleš Vokurka; Jadranka Vuković Rodríguez; Marko Randić; Nada Bezić; Valerija Dunkić. Morphological, genetic and phytochemical variation of the endemic Teucrium arduini L. (Lamiaceae). Phytochemistry 2015, 116, 111 -119.
AMA StyleDario Kremer, Snježana Bolarić, Dalibor Ballian, Faruk Bogunić, Danijela Stešević, Ksenija Karlović, Ivan Kosalec, Aleš Vokurka, Jadranka Vuković Rodríguez, Marko Randić, Nada Bezić, Valerija Dunkić. Morphological, genetic and phytochemical variation of the endemic Teucrium arduini L. (Lamiaceae). Phytochemistry. 2015; 116 ():111-119.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDario Kremer; Snježana Bolarić; Dalibor Ballian; Faruk Bogunić; Danijela Stešević; Ksenija Karlović; Ivan Kosalec; Aleš Vokurka; Jadranka Vuković Rodríguez; Marko Randić; Nada Bezić; Valerija Dunkić. 2015. "Morphological, genetic and phytochemical variation of the endemic Teucrium arduini L. (Lamiaceae)." Phytochemistry 116, no. : 111-119.
A study on the types and distribution of trichomes, pollen morphology, chemical composition of essential oil (analyzed by GC‐FID and GC/MS), and the content of macroelements (Na, K, Ca, and Mg) and trace elements (B, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Al, Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni, Hg, and As) analyzed by ICP‐AES (=inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy) was conducted on Micromeria croatica (Pers.) Schott. Non‐glandular trichomes, peltate trichomes (typical hairs of Lamiaceae), small capitate trichomes (composed of one basal epidermal cell and one head cell), and larger capitate trichomes (composed of one basal epidermal cell, two to three stalk cells, and one head cell with subcuticular space) were observed on leaves, stems, the calyx, and corolla. Pollen of M. croatica had six apertures (hexacolpate) which were set in the equatorial pollen belt (zonocolpate) and showed medium reticulate ornamentation (hetrobrochate type). The essential oil contained from 27 to 39 constituents, the most representative of which were caryophyllene oxide and E‐caryophyllene. Among the investigated macroelements, the content of K was highest (8730–10080 mg/kg). The content of trace elements ranged from 0.12 mg/kg (Cr) to 78.00 mg/kg (Fe), while the content of Cd, Ni, Hg, and As were lower than the limit of quantification.
Dario Kremer; Edith Stabentheiner; Valerija Dunkić; Ivna Dragojević Müller; Lovorka Vujić; Ivan Kosalec; Dalibor Ballian; Faruk Bogunić; Nada Bezić. Micromorphological and Chemotaxonomical Traits of Micromeria croatica (Pers.) Schott. Chemistry & Biodiversity 2012, 9, 755 -768.
AMA StyleDario Kremer, Edith Stabentheiner, Valerija Dunkić, Ivna Dragojević Müller, Lovorka Vujić, Ivan Kosalec, Dalibor Ballian, Faruk Bogunić, Nada Bezić. Micromorphological and Chemotaxonomical Traits of Micromeria croatica (Pers.) Schott. Chemistry & Biodiversity. 2012; 9 (4):755-768.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDario Kremer; Edith Stabentheiner; Valerija Dunkić; Ivna Dragojević Müller; Lovorka Vujić; Ivan Kosalec; Dalibor Ballian; Faruk Bogunić; Nada Bezić. 2012. "Micromorphological and Chemotaxonomical Traits of Micromeria croatica (Pers.) Schott." Chemistry & Biodiversity 9, no. 4: 755-768.
D. Kremer; Ivan Kosalec; Marcello Locatelli; Francesco Epifano; S. Genovese; G. Carlucci; M. Zovko Končić. Anthraquinone profiles, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Frangula rupestris (Scop.) Schur and Frangula alnus Mill. bark. Food Chemistry 2011, 131, 1174 -1180.
AMA StyleD. Kremer, Ivan Kosalec, Marcello Locatelli, Francesco Epifano, S. Genovese, G. Carlucci, M. Zovko Končić. Anthraquinone profiles, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Frangula rupestris (Scop.) Schur and Frangula alnus Mill. bark. Food Chemistry. 2011; 131 (4):1174-1180.
Chicago/Turabian StyleD. Kremer; Ivan Kosalec; Marcello Locatelli; Francesco Epifano; S. Genovese; G. Carlucci; M. Zovko Končić. 2011. "Anthraquinone profiles, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Frangula rupestris (Scop.) Schur and Frangula alnus Mill. bark." Food Chemistry 131, no. 4: 1174-1180.
Antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extracts of roots, twigs and leaves of common barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.) and Croatian barberry (Berberis croatica Horvat) were studied. All the extracts were found to possess some radical-scavenging and antioxidant activities, as determined by scavenging effect on the DPPH free radical, reducing power and β-carotene–linoleic acid model system. With the exception of the β-carotene–linoleic acid test, antioxidant activity correlated well with the content of main plant antioxidants, phenols and flavonols, which suggests an important role of these compounds in overall antioxidant activity of investigated plant organs. The antioxidant activity varied mostly in relation to the organ, while no significant statistically differences were found between B. vulgaris and B. croatica.
M. Zovko Končić; D. Kremer; K. Karlović; Ivan Kosalec. Evaluation of antioxidant activities and phenolic content of Berberis vulgaris L. and Berberis croatica Horvat. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2010, 48, 2176 -2180.
AMA StyleM. Zovko Končić, D. Kremer, K. Karlović, Ivan Kosalec. Evaluation of antioxidant activities and phenolic content of Berberis vulgaris L. and Berberis croatica Horvat. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2010; 48 (8-9):2176-2180.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Zovko Končić; D. Kremer; K. Karlović; Ivan Kosalec. 2010. "Evaluation of antioxidant activities and phenolic content of Berberis vulgaris L. and Berberis croatica Horvat." Food and Chemical Toxicology 48, no. 8-9: 2176-2180.
Plants of genus Rhamnus L. and Frangula Mill. are frequently used in phytomedicine, mainly for their purgative properties [1]. The purpose of this study was to compare radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of bark of two Frangula Mill. (F. alnus L., F. rupestris (Scop.) Schur) and five Rhamnus (R. alaternus L., R. cathartica L., R. intermedia Steud. et Hohst., R. orbiculata Bornm., R. saxatilis Jacq.) species which grow in Croatia. Methanolic extracts of barks were prepared by ultrasonication. Content of total phenols were determined by using Folin Ciocalteu reagent. Antioxidant activity was investigated using following methods: radical scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical, reducing power, chelating activity and β-carotene-linoleic acid assay. The greatest content of phenolic substances was found in extract of F. alnus (63mg/g) while the phenolic content in the other extracts was almost twice lower (between 38 and 23mg/g). The extracts demonstrated notable antioxidant activity in all the assays. The strongest chelator of Fe2+ ions was the extract of R. orbiculata. The extract of F. alnus was the most active in all the remaining assays. The activity of F. alnus extract in β-carotene-linoleic acid assay was significantly higher than the activity of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) (ANOVA, p<0.05). Antioxidant activity in all the tests correlated well with content of total phenols (r 2 was between 0.46 and 0.79, p<0.001). This suggests that phenolic compounds are main antioxidant substances in bark of investigated Frangula and Rhamnus species. References: 1. Hänsel R., Sticher Ö. (2007) Pharmakognosie-Phytopharmacie. Springer Medizin Verlag, Heidelberg.
M Zovko Koncic; D Kremer; I Kosalec; S Vladimir-Kneevic. Comparison of antioxidant activity of bark of seven species of genera Frangula Mill. and Rhamnus L. (Rhamnaceae). Planta Medica 2010, 76, P263 .
AMA StyleM Zovko Koncic, D Kremer, I Kosalec, S Vladimir-Kneevic. Comparison of antioxidant activity of bark of seven species of genera Frangula Mill. and Rhamnus L. (Rhamnaceae). Planta Medica. 2010; 76 (12):P263.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM Zovko Koncic; D Kremer; I Kosalec; S Vladimir-Kneevic. 2010. "Comparison of antioxidant activity of bark of seven species of genera Frangula Mill. and Rhamnus L. (Rhamnaceae)." Planta Medica 76, no. 12: P263.
The purpose of this study was to investigate radical scavenging properties and antioxidant activity of leaf, stem, and flower of Pseudolysimachion spicatum (L.) Opiz (=Veronica spicata L.). P. spicatum is a perennial herb with erect or ascending stem up to 60cm high and blue flowers arranged in dense, many flowered terminal raceme up to 30cm long. P. spicatum was collected in Velebit Mountain and methanolic extracts of leaf, stem, and flowers were prepared by ultrasonication. Content of total phenols was determined by using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, content of flavonols using aluminium chloride and content of phenolic acids with nitrite-molybdate reagent. Antioxidant activity was established using following methods: radical scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical, reducing power, chelating activity and β-carotene-linoleic acid assay. The extracts were rich in polyphenols (211–831mg/g), phenolic acids (2–27mg/g) and flavonoids (16–37mg/g). In all the analyses the extracts were found to possess marked antioxidant activities. The activity of extracts in β-carotene-linoleic acid assay was significantly higher than the activity of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) (ANOVA, p<0.05). In most of the assays, activity of stem and leaf extracts was somewhat less pronounced than the activity of flower extract. However, leaf extract demonstrated the strongest reducing properties. DPPH radical scavenging activity correlated well with content of total phenols (r 2=0.89, p<0.0001). That suggests that phenolic compounds play an important role in antiradical activity of investigated plant organs.
M Zovko Koncic; D Kremer; I Kosalec; S Vladimir-Kneevic. Antioxidant activity of Pseudolysimachion spicatum (L.) Opiz (Scrophulariaceae). Planta Medica 2010, 76, P260 .
AMA StyleM Zovko Koncic, D Kremer, I Kosalec, S Vladimir-Kneevic. Antioxidant activity of Pseudolysimachion spicatum (L.) Opiz (Scrophulariaceae). Planta Medica. 2010; 76 (12):P260.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM Zovko Koncic; D Kremer; I Kosalec; S Vladimir-Kneevic. 2010. "Antioxidant activity of Pseudolysimachion spicatum (L.) Opiz (Scrophulariaceae)." Planta Medica 76, no. 12: P260.
The role of reactive oxygen species in many pathological conditions such as cardiovascular diseases or diabetes has been in the focus of research interests in the past decade. Eryngium amethystinum L. (=E. glomeratum Lam.) is a Mediterranean herb, light blue to purple in color. Its young shoots and roots are used as vegetables. Quantity of phenolic substances (total phenol and flavonoid) was determined in methanolic extracts of leaves, stems and flowers of E. amethystinum. In order to estimate reactivity of the extracts with free radicals, their reducing effects, as well as their ability to chelate Fe2+ ions and inhibit lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activity was established using following methods: radical scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical, reducing power, chelating activity and?-carotene-linoleic acid assay, respectively. Antiradical activity of the extracts in reaction with DPPH free radical was rather modest in comparison with butylated hidroxianisol (BHA). On the other hand, reducing power and chelating activity of the extracts were comparable to the activities of positive controls, BHA and quercetin, respectively. The activity of the extracts was most prominent in reaction with?-carotene and linoleic acid. In that assay, there was no difference in activity of stem, flower and BHA, while the activity of leaf was significantly higher (p<0.01). The antioxidant activity of the extracts in most of the performed assays correlated well with the quantity of phenols (0.74
M Zovko Koncic; D Kremer; I Kosalec; S Vladimir-Kneevic. Antioxidant capacity, phenol and flavonoid contents in Eryngium amethystinum L. (Apiaceae). Planta Medica 2010, 76, P261 .
AMA StyleM Zovko Koncic, D Kremer, I Kosalec, S Vladimir-Kneevic. Antioxidant capacity, phenol and flavonoid contents in Eryngium amethystinum L. (Apiaceae). Planta Medica. 2010; 76 (12):P261.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM Zovko Koncic; D Kremer; I Kosalec; S Vladimir-Kneevic. 2010. "Antioxidant capacity, phenol and flavonoid contents in Eryngium amethystinum L. (Apiaceae)." Planta Medica 76, no. 12: P261.
Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities as well as the quantity of phenolic substances (total phenol, flavonoid and phenolic acid contents) were determined in aqueous extracts of leaves, stems and flowers of Moltkia petraea (Tratt.) Griseb. from two mountainous localities (Sveti Jure and Sniježnica) in Croatia. In addition, the profile of phenolic acids was analyzed by UPLC–MS/MS. Antioxidant activities of all extracts in different test systems, namely the DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power assay and chelating activity, increased with extract concentration. Activity of the extracts from Sniježnica in β-carotene-linoleic acid assay did not differ from the activity of standard, BHA. The leaf extracts from Sniježnica demonstrated superior antioxidant activity in most of the assays, while the stem extract from the same locality was the most effective Fe2+ ion chelator. In general, the extracts from Sniježnica were more effective antioxidants than the corresponding extracts from Sveti Jure. The aqueous extracts of M. petraea did not show antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi tested in the diffusion and dilution assays.
M. Zovko Končić; D. Kremer; J. Gruz; M. Strnad; G. Biševac; I. Kosalec; D. Šamec; J. Piljac-Žegarac; K. Karlović. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Moltkia petraea (Tratt.) Griseb. flower, leaf and stem infusions. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2010, 48, 1537 -1542.
AMA StyleM. Zovko Končić, D. Kremer, J. Gruz, M. Strnad, G. Biševac, I. Kosalec, D. Šamec, J. Piljac-Žegarac, K. Karlović. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Moltkia petraea (Tratt.) Griseb. flower, leaf and stem infusions. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2010; 48 (6):1537-1542.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Zovko Končić; D. Kremer; J. Gruz; M. Strnad; G. Biševac; I. Kosalec; D. Šamec; J. Piljac-Žegarac; K. Karlović. 2010. "Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Moltkia petraea (Tratt.) Griseb. flower, leaf and stem infusions." Food and Chemical Toxicology 48, no. 6: 1537-1542.
Micromorphological differences in leaves and pollen between two American (Fraxinus americana L., F. pennsylvanica Marshall) and two European (F. angustifolia Vahl, F. excelsior L.) ash species were studied using scanning electron microscope. The types, dimensions and distribution of characteristic trichomes were established and measured. Capitate hairs on the leaves had the same shape in all researched ash species. Acicular hairs were regularly present in two American ash species, but very rarely in the glabrous phase of F. angustifolia and F. excelsior. Only F. americana had coronulate abaxial surface of leaves. Pollen of F. angustifolia and F. excelsior had 3 (tricolpate) apertures, and F. americana and F. pennsylvanica 4 (stephanocolpate) apertures. Based on the appearance of the reticulum it’s possible to clearly distinguish all four species. F. angustifolia and F. pennsylvanica had muri with transversal ridges and seldom granules. Muri of F. excelsior and F. americana had slightly visible transversal ridges, and because of that noticeable granules.
Dario Kremer; Edith Stabentheiner; Želimir Borzan; Renata Jurišić Grubešić. Micromorphological differences between some European and American Fraxinus (Oleaceae) species. Biologia 2008, 63, 1111 -1117.
AMA StyleDario Kremer, Edith Stabentheiner, Želimir Borzan, Renata Jurišić Grubešić. Micromorphological differences between some European and American Fraxinus (Oleaceae) species. Biologia. 2008; 63 (6):1111-1117.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDario Kremer; Edith Stabentheiner; Želimir Borzan; Renata Jurišić Grubešić. 2008. "Micromorphological differences between some European and American Fraxinus (Oleaceae) species." Biologia 63, no. 6: 1111-1117.
With regard to adaptation of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall) to ecological conditions in Croatia, pollen germination and pollen tube length after 2, 4 and 6 hours were examined in vitro at 10, 15, 20 and 25°C during two years 2001 and 2002. Narrow leaved ash (F. angustifolia Vahl) pollen served as a control in 2002. The year, time and temperature, and the interaction between time and temperature were significant for both germination percentage and pollen tube length. Interactions year × temperature and year × time were significant for pollen tube length only. The highest germination percentage (17.86% in 2001 and 19.40% in 2002) of green ash pollen was at 15°C after 6 hours. The pollen tube length was greatest at 20°C (393.46 µm) in 2001 and 25°C (899.50 µm) in 2002 after 6 hours. Narrow leaved ash pollen had the highest germination percentage (19.22%) at 20°C after 6 hours and was significantly reduced at 25°C. The pollen tube length was greatest at 25°C (518.90 µm) after 6 hours. It can be concluded that green ash pollen has satisfactory germination in ecological conditions in Croatia and that the optimum temperature for pollen germination is higher than 20°C.
Dario Kremer; Tomislav Jemrić. Pollen germination and pollen tube growth in Fraxinus pennsylvanica. Biologia 2006, 61, 79 -83.
AMA StyleDario Kremer, Tomislav Jemrić. Pollen germination and pollen tube growth in Fraxinus pennsylvanica. Biologia. 2006; 61 (1):79-83.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDario Kremer; Tomislav Jemrić. 2006. "Pollen germination and pollen tube growth in Fraxinus pennsylvanica." Biologia 61, no. 1: 79-83.