Breast cancer (BC) is a heavy burden for Indonesian healthcare, but there is still no thorough evaluation for Breast self-examination (BSE) practice as routine BC screening. In this study, we aimed to synthesize the pooled prevalence data of BSE practice, compare BSE practice prevalence between Java Island and non-Java Islands in Indonesia, and identify the determinants that we thought could affect the BSE practice in the Indonesian population. Intensive searches were conducted in Cochrane Library, PubMed, Google Scholar, and SINTA (Indonesian Web of Science and Technology Index) from September 2017–2022. We utilized Review Manager 5.4 for conducting the meta-analysis. We found the overall national prevalence of BSE practice was 43.14% (95% CI: 36.08, 50.20, p < 0.00001). BSE practice in Java Island was higher compared to non-Java Island (44.58% vs. 41.62%). The highest prevalence of BSE practice was found among university students, with a 49.90% prevalence. Good knowledge, good attitude toward BSE, family history of BC, family support, and BC information exposure were all statistically associated with a higher determinant of BSE practice. We concluded that BSE practice in Indonesia is still low, especially in non-Java Islands. Integrative and collaborative programs should be established to promote BSE as routine screening for BC.

Background: The global health burden of breast cancer is increasing with 5-year survival rates being much shorter in low-income and middle-income countries. Sociodemographic and clinical disparities in early cancer detection affect long-term outcome. Methods: The authors compared social, demographic, and pathological characteristics associated with metastatic and late stages of breast cancer diagnosis using data collected from a special registry developed by Perhimpunan Bedah Onkologi Indonesia (PERABOI) in 2015. Results: Of 4959 patients recruited in this study, 995 women (20.1%) were diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer. Lower education status and living in rural areas were significantly associated with Stage IV at diagnosis [odds ratio (OR)=1.256, 95% CI=1.093–1.445, P=0.001; and OR=1.197, 95% CI=1.042–1.377, P=0.012; respectively). Main complaints other than lump (ulceration, breast pain, and discharge) and occupation as a housewife were also associated with the presentation of metastatic diseases (OR=2.598, 95% CI=2.538–3.448, P<0.001 and OR=1.264, 95% CI=1.056–1.567, P=0.030, respectively). Having lower education and living outside Java and Bali islands were associated with the diagnosis of late-stage breast cancers (OR=1.908, 95% CI=1.629–2.232, P<0.001 and OR=3.039, 95% CI=2.238–4.126, P<0.001; respectively). A higher proportion of breast cancer patients were relatively younger with bigger tumour size, positive axillary nodal involvement, and more frequent Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 overexpression. Conclusion: The authors identified sociodemographic disparities in the metastatic and late-stage diagnosis of breast cancers among Indonesian women. The subsequent action is required to reduce disparities faced by women with lower social and educational levels for early diagnosis and better healthcare access.

Predictors of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use by Breast Cancer Patients in Bandung, Indonesia Breast cancer;complementary and alternative medicine use;predictors;Indonesia; Background: The study aimed to assess complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use and their associated factors with breast cancer patients in Bandung, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: In total, 330 breast cancer patients were administered questionnaires on their CAM use and CAM predictive factors including socio-demographic parameters, clinical data and quality of life, trust in physicians, trust in hospitals, satisfaction and informational needs. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis and multivariate log regreesion analysis. Results: Overall 33.3% of patients reported use of CAM. Lower income, lower education, presence of metastasis, prolonged diagnosis, less trust in physician were found to be highly associated with CAM use. Conclusions: CAM use by breast cancer patients can be interpreted as an attempt to explore all possible options, an expression of an active coping style, or expression of unmet needs in the cancer care continuum. Physicians need to openly discuss the use of CAM with their patients and identify whether they have other unmet supportive needs.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Indonesia, a low-middle income country in Southeast Asia. We provide a regional hospital-based cancer registry of the central hospital in West Java, Indonesia. This study aims to characterize the presentation, diagnosis, evaluation, and management of breast cancer; to develop a regional breast cancer registry in West Java to monitor cancer care patterns; to evaluate cancer treatment outcomes.Methods: The data were collected from the medical records deposited in the Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Information System. The team has been contracted to operate the registry & organize an advisory board to standardize definitions of coding terminology of the registry’s reporting system and to monitor the cancer care pattern. Data validation was conducted by a team in the cancer registry, consisting of health officers, pathologists, and registrars. Data management and analysis were conducted by the cancer registry team.Results: A total of 913 women diagnosed with breast cancer, from January 2014 until December 2018, were studied. The median age was 49.5 years old. The initial diagnosis was at the age of 42.4 years old on average. About 64.5% were diagnosed with stage-3 and -4 cancers, and 75.1% had undergone a mastectomy, of which 47.3% of the intent was palliative. Of those who have hormonal receptors, only 26.9% were positive, and 36.5% were not assessed for immunohistochemistry evaluation. Inappropriate surgical management of breast cancer was common at the community level, which included indiscriminate diagnostic lumpectomy (21.9%), incomplete mastectomy and omission, or suboptimal lymph node axillary clearance (47.4%). Only 3.0% of patients received breast-conserving surgery and were treated with mastectomy and reconstruction. Conclusions: Breast cancer in West Java is often recognized at the late stage. Treatment was suboptimal, leading to poor survival. A more aggressive approach to early detection and treatment needs to be developed to improve the outcomes of this potentially curable disease.

Endocrine therapy resistance in Luminal Breast Cancer is a significant issue to be tackled, but currently, no specific biomarker could be used to anticipate this event. p53 mutation is widely known as one of Breast Cancer’s most prominent genetic alterations. Its mutation could generate various effects in Estrogen Receptor and Progesterone Receptor molecular works, tangled in events leading to the aggravation of endocrine therapy resistance. Hence the possibility of p53 mutation utilization as an endocrine therapy resistance predictive biomarker is plausible. The purpose of this review is to explore the latest knowledge of p53 role in Estrogen Receptor and Progesterone Receptor molecular actions, thus aggravating the Endocrine Therapy resistance in Luminal Breast Cancer, from which we could define possibilities and limitations to utilize p53 as the predictive biomarker of endocrine therapy resistance in Luminal Breast Cancer.

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether the ISQ can be used to assess immune status in daily clinical practice in Indonesia by translating the questionnaire into Bahasa and analyzing its validity and reliability. Methods: The ISQ was translated both forward and backward by a professional translator fluent in both English and Bahasa. In this study, a cross-sectional study design was used, and Pearson’s correlation test and Cronbach’s Alpha calculation were used to perform the validity and reliability test. The questionnaire is valid if the computed R-value exceeds the R table value. Furthermore, it will also be considered reliable if Cronbach’s Alpha value is greater than 0.60. Result: The computed R-value for each item is greater than the R table value (0.361), implying that all items in the questionnaire are valid. The Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.706 demonstrates that the questionnaire is reliable. Conclusion: The ISQ is a reliable and valid questionnaire, which can be used in Bahasa to assess patients’ perspectives about their immune status.