Pyrolysis of polypropylene (PP) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) into fuel like products was investigated over temperature range of 250– 400°C. The product yields as a function of temperature were studied. Total conversion as high as 98.66% (liquid; 69.82%, gas; 28.84%, and residue; 1.34%) was achieved at 300°C in case of PP and 98.12% (liquid; 80.88%, gas; 17.24%, and residue; 1.88%) in case of HDPE at 350°C. The liquid fractions were analyzed by FTIR and GC-MS. The results showed that the liquid fractions consisted of a wide range of hydrocarbons mainly distributed within the C₆–C₁₆. The liquid product obtained in case of PP is enriched in the naphtha range hydrocarbons. Similarly, the liquid product obtained in case of HDPE is also enriched in naphtha range hydrocarbons with preponderance in gasoline and diesel range hydrocarbons. The% distribution of paraffinic, olefinic, and naphthenic hydrocarbons in liquid product derived from PP is 66.55, 25.7, and 7.58%, respectively, whereas in case HDPE, the% distribution is 59.70, 31.90, and 8.40%, respectively. Upon comparing the hydrocarbon group type yields, PP gave high yield of paraffinic hydrocarbons while HDPE gave high yields of olefins and naphthenes. The whole liquid fractions and their corresponding distillates fractions were also analyzed for fuel properties. The results indicated that the derived liquid fractions were fuel-like meeting the fuel grade criteria.

In the present research work, desulfurization of kerosene and diesel oil has been carried out by selective adsorption through metals impregnated montmorollonite clay (MMT). Different metals were impregnated on MMT by wet impregnation method which included Fe, Cr, Ni, Co, Mn, Pb, Zn and Ag. The adsorption study was carried out in batch operation initially for 1 h time and at room temperature (25 °C). The results show that high desulfurization was brought about by Zn-MMT. In the case of kerosene highest desulfurization of 76% and in the case of diesel maximum desulfurization of 77% was achieved with adsorption through Zn-MMT. Conditions were also optimized for the desulfurization process. Highest yield of desulfurization was obtained at 1-h stirring period, at room temperature (25 °C) and using oil to adsorbent ratio of 20:1.5. Under optimized conditions the adsorbent was found to adsorb about 81% of DBT from the model oil containing 1000 ppm DBT dissolved in cyclohexane. EDX, Surface characterization and SEM analysis of the adsorbents used in the study were conducted to evaluate their mineralogical nature and textural behavior. Results show that the surface area, pore size and pore volume of the MMT has been found to be increased many fold with Zn impregnation. Also the surface morphology of the MMT has also been improved with Zn impregnation

In this study, oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of modeled and real oil samples was investigated using manganese-dioxide-supported, magnetic-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (MnO₂/MrGO) as a catalyst in the presence of an H₂O₂/HCOOH oxidation system. MnO₂/MrGO composite was synthesized and characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The optimal conditions for maximum removal of dibenzothiophene (DBT) from modeled oil samples were found to be efficient at 40 °C temperature, 60 min reaction time, 0.08 g catalyst dose/10 mL, and 2 mL of H₂O₂/formic acid, under which MnO₂/MrGO exhibited intense desulfurization activity of up to 80%. Under the same set of conditions, the removal of only 41% DBT was observed in the presence of graphene oxide (GO) as the catalyst, which clearly indicated the advantage of MrGO in the composite catalyst. Under optimized conditions, sulfur removal in real oil samples, including diesel oil, gasoline, and kerosene, was found to be 67.8%, 59.5%, and 51.9%, respectively. The present approach is credited to cost-effectiveness, environmental benignity, and ease of preparation, envisioning great prospects for desulfurization of fuel oils on a commercial level.