MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs. They can regulate the expression of their target genes, and thus, their dysregulation significantly contributes to the development of cancer. Growing evidence suggests that miRNAs could be used as cancer biomarkers. As an oncogenic miRNA, the roles of miR-21 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, and its therapeutic applications have been extensively studied. In this review, the roles of miR-21 are first demonstrated via its different molecular networks. Then, a comprehensive review on the potential targets and the current applications as a diagnostic and prognostic cancer biomarker and the therapeutic roles of miR-21 in six different cancers in the digestive system is provided. Lastly, a brief discussion on the challenges for the use of miR-21 as a therapeutic tool for these cancers is added.

Microplastics (MPs; <5 mm) are found in all aquatic environments. Due to harmful impacts, MPs pose a great threat to the aquatic ecology. Therefore, this review aims to provide an overview of the risk, bioavailability, and toxicity of MPs in aquatic organisms. Various factors affecting MPs bioavailability and level of risks at cellular and molecular level on aquatic organisms are comprehensively discussed. More specifically biomarkers for antioxidant response (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reductase, and glutathione S-transferase), neurotoxic impairment (acetylcholinesterase), lysosomal activity alteration, and genotoxicity have been discussed in detail. Biomarkers are powerful tool in the monitoring program, but the collection of literature on biomarkers for MPs is limited. Thus, here we demonstrate that how to evaluate MPs impact, in monitoring program, on organisms using biomarkers in aquatic environment. This review would broaden the existing knowledge on the toxic effect and biomarkers of MPs and offer research priorities for future studies.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that directly bind to the 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR) of the target mRNAs to inhibit their expression. The miRNA-29s (miR-29s) are suggested to be either tumor suppressors or oncogenic miRNAs that are strongly dysregulated in various types of cancer. Their dysregulation alters the expression of their target genes, thereby exerting influence on different cellular pathways including cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion, thereby contributing to carcinogenesis. In the present review, we aimed to provide an overview of the current knowledge on the miR-29s biological network and its functions in cancer, as well as its current and potential applications as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and/or a therapeutic target in major types of human cancer.

The use of wireless sensors is increasing day by day. Different types of wireless sensors are being used in fisheries sectors to monitor the water quality, growth of the fish, and health of the fish. Due to a brupt changes in water quality parameters, the rapid outbreak of fish disease has become a significant constraint for this sector's sustainability. Development of an early monitoring system of fish culture parameters through high resilience and efficiency wireless sensor networks (WSN) effectively assess water quality regulators instantly and thus take proper actions for sustainable management of freshwater resources. However, current observation systems only consider the data from a single sensor. We designed a data fusion model using Dempster-Shafer theory (DST) to fuse the monitoring sensor data from different sensors to calculate the fish's sustainable environment. Moreover, we evaluated our monitoring system results for different scenarios using the standard performance metrics, i.e., specificity, sensitivity, a ccuracy, and F-Score were calculated using the True Positives (TP), False Positive (LIP), True Negative (TN), and False Negative (LIN) values. Our model's finding shows that fusing data from different sensors provide a more accurate result for monitoring the water's sustainability.