In order to solve the problems of large amounts of calculation and long calculation times of the A-star algorithm in three-dimensional space, based on the R5DOS model, this paper proposes a three-dimensional space UAV path planning model. The improved R5DOS intersection model is combined with the improved A-star algorithm. Together, they construct a local search process, and the R5DOS path planning model is established by reducing the number of search nodes. The path planning model is simulated through MATLAB software and the model can greatly reduce the number of nodes and computational complexity of the A-star algorithm in three-dimensional spaces, while also reducing the calculation time of the UAV. Finally, we compare the improved A-star algorithm with the original A-star algorithm and the geometric A-star algorithm. The final fitting result proves that the improved A-star algorithm has a shorter computation time and fewer node visits. Overall, the simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the improved A-star algorithm and they can be used as a reference for future research on path planning algorithms.

To improve the obstacle avoidance ability of agricultural unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in farmland settings, a three-dimensional space path planning model based on the R5DOS model is proposed in this paper. The direction layer of the R5DOS intersection model is improved, and the RJA-star algorithm is constructed with the improved jump point search A-star algorithm in our paper. The R5DOS model is simulated in MATLAB. The simulation results show that this model can reduce the computational complexity, computation time, the number of corners and the maximum angles of the A-star algorithm. Compared with the traditional algorithm, the model can avoid obstacles effectively and reduce the reaction times of the UAV. The final fitting results show that compared with A-star algorithm, the RJA-star algorithm reduced the total distance by 2.53%, the computation time by 97.65%, the number of nodes by 99.96% and the number of corners by 96.08% with the maximum corners reduced by approximately 63.30%. Compared with the geometric A-star algorithm, the running time of the RJA-star algorithm is reduced by 95.84%, the number of nodes is reduced by 99.95%, and the number of turns is reduced by 67.28%. In general, the experimental results confirm the effectiveness and feasibility of RJA star algorithm in three-dimensional space obstacle avoidance.

This paper aims to disclose the compound topological and directional relationships of three simple regions in the three-dimensional (3D) space. For this purpose, the directional model and the 8-intersection model were coupled into an R5DOS-intersection model and used to represent three simple regions in the 3D space. The matrices represented by the model were found to be complete and mutually exclusive. Then, a self-designed algorithm was adopted to solve the model, yielding 11,038 achievable topological and directional relationships. Compared with the minimum bounding rectangle (MBR) model, the proposed model boasts strong expressive power. Finally, our model was applied to derive the topological and directional relationships between simple regions A and C from the known relationships between simple regions A and B and those between B and C. Based on the results, a compound relationship reasoning table was established for A and C. The research results shed new light on the representation and reasoning of 3D spatial relationships.

Свободный стиль се-и как важная форма выражения китайской традиционной живописи демонстрирует в произведениях явный восточный характер и обладает поэтической художественной концепцией. Русская современная акварельная живопись получает новое развитие на базе форм реалистической живописи, формируя живописный язык, выражающий чувства с помощью более обобщенных техник. В настоящей статье посредством сравнения сходств и различий выразительных форм современной китайской и русской акварели проводится анализ происхождения образности акварельной живописи двух стран. Эта тема кажется особенно важной в эпоху постоянного развития гуманитарного обмена между Китаем и...