Aim of the study: Today, completely new forms of geo-information systems are becoming increasingly popular. New technological possibilities allow these systems to be adapted to the requirements and needs of societies. This paper is an extensive literature review of the use of geodata in various scientific fields, in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) disciplines. However, as there is no universal agreement as to which disciplines are included in the STEM, the authors also included related fields such as geography or transport. Material and methods: Already a preliminary analysis of the Web of Science Core Collection database has shown that geodata is used very widely, in every scientific discipline analysed (with varying degrees of sophistication). The main objective of the paper is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the usage of geodata in five areas: bathymetric measurements, satellite geodata, aerial retrieved geodata, levelling networks, and GIS data. Results and conclusions: The results showed the increasing availability of data that can contribute to a better understanding and management of our planet. Geodata as a tool is overly broad and general, and it is used or might be used in every discipline of science.

The effects of 7-day single and combined exposures to herbicides pendimethalin and ethofumesate at 2 concentrations (2.5 and 25 μg/l for pendimethalin and 0.11 and 1.1 μg/l for ethofumesate) on morphology of common carp erythrocytes was studied. Five types of erythrocyte anomalies were determined: nuclear malformation, cell malformation (changed cell shape), cytoplasm vacuolation, cell swelling and hemolysis. Erythroblasts were also counted. After 3 days of treatment increase of percentage of deformed nucleus in fish exposed to mixture of both tested herbicides at higher concentrations in comparison to the control was observed. In fish exposed to the lower concentration of pendimethalin an increase of percentage of deformed cells and hemolysis in comparison to previous sampling occurred. Decrease of percentage of cell vaculation in fish treated with ethofumesate at the lower concentration and increase of percentage of erythroblasts in fish exposed to mixture of both tested herbicides at higher concentrations were also observed. After 7 days of exposure an increase of percentage of deformed cells in comparison to the control was detected in fish exposed to the lower pendimethalin concentration. The observed minor toxic effects were more time- than concentration-related. The obtained results showed low concentrations of pendimethalin and ethofumesate did not induce serious and persistent alterations in erythrocyte morphology of common carp.

The utilization of Effective Microorganisms (EMs) for lake restoration represents a sustainable approach to enhancing water quality and rebalancing the ecology of aquatic ecosystems. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of two bioremediation treatment cycles employing EM-enriched biopreparations on water quality in the Siemiatycze lakes. Specifically, this research analyzed various parameters, including dissolved oxygen, transparency, chlorophyll-a, pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and suspended matter (SM), across eleven designated sampling locations. Additionally, this study employed remote sensing techniques, leveraging Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and the Maximum Chlorophyll Index (MCI), to detect and quantify algal blooms, with a particular focus on elevated chlorophyll-a concentrations. This comprehensive approach aimed to provide a holistic understanding of the impact of biotechnological reclamation on aquatic ecosystem restoration and sustainability. The study’s findings indicated a significant improvement in water quality in all lakes, with enhanced water clarity and oxygen profiles. Further, remote sensing studies indicated a reduction in algal blooms, particularly those with high chlorophyll-a concentrations. A considerable decrease in water eutrophication intensity was observed due to diminished nutrient concentrations. The improvements in water parameters are likely to enhance the living conditions of aquatic organisms. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of using EM-enriched biopreparations in the bioremediation of lakes, providing a sustainable approach to enhancing water quality and balancing aquatic ecosystems.

Aquatic ecosystems are often subject to degradation due to various environmental stressors. The accumulation of an organic sediment layer causes shallowing, algal blooms, and hypertrophy in water reservoirs. The processes of overgrowth and shallowing lead to a reduction in the ecosystem services provided by the reservoir as well as potentially causing the disappearance of the water body. To address these challenges and restore the ecological balance of water reservoirs, effective and sustainable revitalisation methods are essential. In recent years, biotechnological approaches, particularly utilizing microbiological interventions, have emerged as promising strategies for water reservoir revitalization. Microorganisms, with their remarkable ability to degrade pollutants and enhance nutrient cycling, offer great potential in remediating environmental issues in a natural and eco-friendly manner. This article presents the results of a study of 33 Polish reservoirs subjected to reclamation with microbial biopreparations from 2014 to 2023. The results of changes in bottom sediment reduction, water transparency, dissolved oxygen concentration, and water turbidity are presented. Reduction in morphological changes in the fraction of soft organic sediments, an improvement in the oxygen profile of the bottom and surface water layers, and an increase in water transparency were observed after reclamation with the use of biopreparations.

Aim of the study: The aim of the research is an analysis of the concept of ecosystem services in context of urban water bodies. In result of the study, final ecosystem services and the goods and benefits of urban aquatic ecosystems were identified. Material and methods: The study of the development of the concept of ecosystem services was based on the literature review. Water ecosystems were analyzed in terms of their ecosystem services that can be assigned to individual classes listed in CICES V5.1. The next step of the analysis was to consider which of the identified ecosystem services of water ecosystems were also provided by urban water bodies. The results of the analysis were divided into biotic and abiotic services in three basic divisions: provisioning, regulation & maintenance, cultural services. Due to the specificity of CICES classification, examples of both, final ecosystem services and ecosystem goods and benefits, were assigned to each class code. The research was conducted in relation to Polish conditions. Results and conclusions: The 26 biotic and 12 abiotic classes of ecosystem services provided by urban water bodies were identified in the analysis. Cultural services of the urban water bodies seem to be the most important for the daily life of city residents. The demand for urban water bodies ecosystems services grows together with increasing social awareness. Social expectations should be reflected in the decisions and actions taken by urban planners and policy makers.

Carp ponds are inhabited mainly by aquaculture fishes but also harbor alien unwanted species that may threaten native fish assemblages when escape from the ponds. In the current study fish communities of inflow and outflow watercourses (canals) of the fish ponds in two typical common carp fish farms were studied. The results revealed that outflow canals contained cultured fish that escaped from the ponds. Invasive alien species (IAS) were also observed e.g. stone moroko (Pseudorasbora parva) and Prussian carp (Carasus gibelio). On the other hand, the canals harbored valuable endangered fish e.g. common nase (Chondrostoma nasus) or brown trout (Salmo trutta) and protected species stone loach (Barbatula barbatula). We have shown that fish ponds affect neighboring watercourses, and that the canals themselves can contribute to the species richness of ichthyofauna. Therefore, monitoring of these ecosystems should be carried out on a regular basis.