It is well known that metal-organic framework (MOF) nanostructures have unique characteristics such as high porosity, large surface areas and adjustable functionalities, so they are ideal candidates for developing drug delivery systems (DDSs) as well as theranostic platforms in cancer treatment. Despite the large number of MOF nanostructures that have been discovered, conventional MOF-derived nanosystems only have a single biofunctional MOF source with poor colloidal stability. Accordingly, developing core-shell MOF nanostructures with good colloidal stability is a useful method for generating efficient drug delivery, multimodal imaging and synergistic therapeutic systems. The preparation of core-shell MOF nanostructures has been done with a variety of materials, but inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) are highly effective for drug delivery and imaging-guided tumor treatment. Herein, we aimed to overview the synthesis of core-shell inorganic NP@MOF nanostructures followed by the application of core-shell MOFs derived from magnetic, quantum dots (QDs), gold (Au), and gadolinium (Gd) NPs in drug delivery and imaging-guided tumor treatment. Afterward, we surveyed different factors affecting prolonged drug delivery and cancer therapy, cellular uptake, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect of core-shell MOFs. Last but not least, we discussed the challenges and the prospects of the field. We envision this article may hold great promise in providing valuable insights regarding the application of hybrid nanostructures as promising and potential candidates for multimodal imaging-guided combination cancer therapy.

Spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating type of stroke with high mortality and morbidity and for which no effective treatments are available to date. Much experimental and clinical research have been performed to explore its mechanisms regard the subsequent inflammatory cascade and to seek the potential therapeutic strategies. The aim of this review is to discuss insights from clinical settings that have led to the development of numerous animal models of ICH. Some of the current and future challenges for clinicians to understand ICH are also surveyed.

Heterocyclic compounds have always been used as a core portion in the development of anticancer drugs. However, there is a pressing need for developing inexpensive and simple alternatives to high-cost and complex chemical agents-based catalysts for large-scale production of heterocyclic compounds. Also, development of some smart platforms for cancer treatment based on nanoparticles (NPs) which facilitate Fenton reaction have been widely explored by different scientists. Magnetic NPs not only can serve as catalysts in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds with potential anticancer properties, but also are widely used as smart agents in targeting cancer cells and inducing Fenton reactions. Therefore, in this review we aim to present an updated summary of the reports related to the main clinical or basic application and research progress of magnetic NPs in cancer as well as their application in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds as potential anticancer drugs. Afterwards, specific tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive magnetic nanocatalysts for cancer treatment through triggering Fenton-like reactions were surveyed. Finally, some ignored factors in the design of magnetic nanocatalysts- triggered Fenton-like reaction, challenges and future perspective of magnetic nanocatalysts-assisted synthesis of heterocyclic compounds and selective cancer therapy were discussed. Key Scientific Concepts of Review: This review may pave the way for well-organized translation of magnetic nanocatalysts in cancer therapy from the bench to the bedside.

Neuropathic pain is one of the most debilitating neurological conditions, significantly challenging to manage due to the complex interplay of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction in its pathogenesis. Nanozyme (nanomaterials with enzyme-like activity) technology offers a promising strategy to tackle these multifaceted mechanisms. These nanozymes can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), modulate inflammatory pathways, and reverse mitochondrial dysfunction, providing notable neuroprotection and pain relief for affected individuals. Additionally, nanozymes exhibit targeted delivery to the injury sites by using mechanisms such as lysosome-mediated endocytosis (e.g., SOD&Fe3O4@ZIF-8 nanozymes) and mannose receptor-mediated cellular uptake (e.g., mSPIONs nanozymes). Given the limitations of current treatment options, we underscore the advantages of nanozymes, including their multifunctional capabilities and potential to enhance therapeutic outcomes in pain management. This review focuses on the underlying mechanisms of neuropathic pain, particularly emphasizing the role of oxidative stress and its impact on disease progression. We examine the applications of nanozymes for treating neuropathic pain, highlighting their potential to scavenge ROS, relieve mitochondrial dysfunction, modulate neuroinflammatory pathways, and repair blood-spinal cord barrier integrity. Furthermore, this paper provides an overview of the current landscape of nanozyme research in neuropathic pain and future directions for their clinical translation in pain management, emphasizing their potential role in improving therapeutic outcomes.