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Sang Mi Han
National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea

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Original research article
Published: 12 May 2021 in Journal of Apicultural Research
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Propolis has been used by humans as a nutraceutical agent with therapeutic benefits for many centuries. The chemical composition and biological activities of propolis depend on its botanical and geographical origins. The aim of this study was to characterize Korean propolis by quantitating their chrysin content using an ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Methanol extracts of propolis were comprehensively analyzed by UPLC for the isolation and quantification of chrysin in propolis from different origins. The reproducibility of the method was 1.9% to 6.0%, and accuracy was confirmed with average recovery ranging from 98.2% to 101.0%. The chrysin content in propolis samples was successfully determined within 13.299 min. All propolis samples, except those from Jeju Island, contained chrysin. There were some variations in the concentration of chrysin among propolis samples from different locations. The chrysin of the analyzed propolis samples confirmed their affiliation to the Korean propolis except those from Jeju Island, and the proposed UPLC method yielded good sensitivity, linearity, repeatability, and accuracy.

ACS Style

Sang Mi Han; Se Gun Kim; Sok Cheon Pak. Quantification of chrysin in Korean propolis samples by ultra high performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Apicultural Research 2021, 1 -5.

AMA Style

Sang Mi Han, Se Gun Kim, Sok Cheon Pak. Quantification of chrysin in Korean propolis samples by ultra high performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Apicultural Research. 2021; ():1-5.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sang Mi Han; Se Gun Kim; Sok Cheon Pak. 2021. "Quantification of chrysin in Korean propolis samples by ultra high performance liquid chromatography." Journal of Apicultural Research , no. : 1-5.

Review
Published: 19 March 2020 in Toxins
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Bee venom is a natural toxin produced by honeybees and plays an important role in defending bee colonies. Bee venom has several kinds of peptides, including melittin, apamin, adolapamine, and mast cell degranulation peptides. Apamin accounts for about 2%–3% dry weight of bee venom and is a peptide neurotoxin that contains 18 amino acid residues that are tightly crosslinked by two disulfide bonds. It is well known for its pharmacological functions, which irreversibly block Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channels. Apamin regulates gene expression in various signal transduction pathways involved in cell development. The aim of this study was to review the current understanding of apamin in the treatment of apoptosis, fibrosis, and central nervous system diseases, which are the pathological processes of various diseases. Apamin’s potential therapeutic and pharmacological applications are also discussed.

ACS Style

Hyemin Gu; Sang Mi Han; Kwan-Kyu Park. Therapeutic Effects of Apamin as a Bee Venom Component for Non-Neoplastic Disease. Toxins 2020, 12, 195 .

AMA Style

Hyemin Gu, Sang Mi Han, Kwan-Kyu Park. Therapeutic Effects of Apamin as a Bee Venom Component for Non-Neoplastic Disease. Toxins. 2020; 12 (3):195.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hyemin Gu; Sang Mi Han; Kwan-Kyu Park. 2020. "Therapeutic Effects of Apamin as a Bee Venom Component for Non-Neoplastic Disease." Toxins 12, no. 3: 195.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2019 in Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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ACS Style

Da-Hye Kim; Sang-Mi Han; Yun-Sang Choi; Hwan-Ku Kang; Hong-Gu Lee; Kyung-Woo Lee. Effects of Dietary Bee Venom on Serum Characteristic, Antioxidant Activity and Liver Fatty Acid Composition in Broiler Chickens. Korean Journal of Poultry Science 2019, 46, 39 -46.

AMA Style

Da-Hye Kim, Sang-Mi Han, Yun-Sang Choi, Hwan-Ku Kang, Hong-Gu Lee, Kyung-Woo Lee. Effects of Dietary Bee Venom on Serum Characteristic, Antioxidant Activity and Liver Fatty Acid Composition in Broiler Chickens. Korean Journal of Poultry Science. 2019; 46 (1):39-46.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Da-Hye Kim; Sang-Mi Han; Yun-Sang Choi; Hwan-Ku Kang; Hong-Gu Lee; Kyung-Woo Lee. 2019. "Effects of Dietary Bee Venom on Serum Characteristic, Antioxidant Activity and Liver Fatty Acid Composition in Broiler Chickens." Korean Journal of Poultry Science 46, no. 1: 39-46.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2018 in Journal of Apicultural Science
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Emerging evidence indicates that inflammation in atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with immune-mediated abnormalities in the skin. The history and severity of AD are risk factors for dust mite allergy. Bee venom (BV) is used in a complementary medicine to treat various diseases and skin disorders. Purified BV is obtained through electric stunning with a BV collector, without the harming of honeybees, followed by the removal of impurities from the collected BV and lyophilization of the final product. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of purified BV for AD, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of BV on house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae) antigen-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes. The results showed that D. farinae induced significant increased levels of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) compared to those in the normal control. However, purified BV inhibited the elevated expression of PAR2, ICAM-1 and IL-6 at the gene and protein levels. Thus, purified BV may have a therapeutic potential for the treatment and management of AD.

ACS Style

Sang Mi Han; Se Gun Kim; Hye Ri Jang; Soon Ok Woo; Sok Cheon Pak. Anti-Atopic Dermatitis of Purified Bee Venom on Keratinocytes Via Suppression of PAR2, ICAM-1, and IL-6 Expression. Journal of Apicultural Science 2018, 62, 179 -188.

AMA Style

Sang Mi Han, Se Gun Kim, Hye Ri Jang, Soon Ok Woo, Sok Cheon Pak. Anti-Atopic Dermatitis of Purified Bee Venom on Keratinocytes Via Suppression of PAR2, ICAM-1, and IL-6 Expression. Journal of Apicultural Science. 2018; 62 (2):179-188.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sang Mi Han; Se Gun Kim; Hye Ri Jang; Soon Ok Woo; Sok Cheon Pak. 2018. "Anti-Atopic Dermatitis of Purified Bee Venom on Keratinocytes Via Suppression of PAR2, ICAM-1, and IL-6 Expression." Journal of Apicultural Science 62, no. 2: 179-188.

Journal article
Published: 30 November 2018 in Journal of Apiculture
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Drones of honeybee (Apis mellifera) have been regarded as a useful value only when mating with queen bee. However, the drone pupae have been reported to be nutritionally valuable, and a potential beekeeping product. In this study, drone pupae extracted with 5% acetic acid were used to measure anti-thrombosis related fibrinolytic activity using Strup and Mullertz fibrin plate method. As a result, the drone pupae extract showed higher effect of fibrinolytic activity(clear zone diameter 20.83mm) compared to the human plasmin (clear zone diameter 12.93mm) used as a positive control. It was suggested that the extract of drone pupae can be developed as a functional material helping prevention or treatment of various vascular diseases.

ACS Style

Hong Min Choi; Hyo Jung Moon; Se Gun Kim; Hye Ri Jang; Soon Ok Woo; Kyeong Won Bang; Sang Mi Han. Anti-thrombosis Activity of Drone Apis mellifera Pupae Extracts. Journal of Apiculture 2018, 33, 303 -306.

AMA Style

Hong Min Choi, Hyo Jung Moon, Se Gun Kim, Hye Ri Jang, Soon Ok Woo, Kyeong Won Bang, Sang Mi Han. Anti-thrombosis Activity of Drone Apis mellifera Pupae Extracts. Journal of Apiculture. 2018; 33 (4):303-306.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hong Min Choi; Hyo Jung Moon; Se Gun Kim; Hye Ri Jang; Soon Ok Woo; Kyeong Won Bang; Sang Mi Han. 2018. "Anti-thrombosis Activity of Drone Apis mellifera Pupae Extracts." Journal of Apiculture 33, no. 4: 303-306.

Journal article
Published: 30 September 2018 in Journal of Apiculture
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ACS Style

Se Gun Kim; Soon Ok Woo; Hye Ri Jang; Hong Min Choi; Hyo Jung Moon; Sang Mi Han. Development of Quantitative Analysis for Abscisic Acid in Korean Acacia Honey by UPLC. Journal of Apiculture 2018, 33, 195 -200.

AMA Style

Se Gun Kim, Soon Ok Woo, Hye Ri Jang, Hong Min Choi, Hyo Jung Moon, Sang Mi Han. Development of Quantitative Analysis for Abscisic Acid in Korean Acacia Honey by UPLC. Journal of Apiculture. 2018; 33 (3):195-200.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Se Gun Kim; Soon Ok Woo; Hye Ri Jang; Hong Min Choi; Hyo Jung Moon; Sang Mi Han. 2018. "Development of Quantitative Analysis for Abscisic Acid in Korean Acacia Honey by UPLC." Journal of Apiculture 33, no. 3: 195-200.

Journal article
Published: 30 September 2018 in Journal of Apiculture
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ACS Style

Sang Mi Han; Soon Ok Woo; Se Gun Kim; Hye Ri Jang; Hong Min Choi; Hyo Jung Moon. Evaluation of Honeybee Viral Safety from the Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) Venom. Journal of Apiculture 2018, 33, 181 -186.

AMA Style

Sang Mi Han, Soon Ok Woo, Se Gun Kim, Hye Ri Jang, Hong Min Choi, Hyo Jung Moon. Evaluation of Honeybee Viral Safety from the Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) Venom. Journal of Apiculture. 2018; 33 (3):181-186.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sang Mi Han; Soon Ok Woo; Se Gun Kim; Hye Ri Jang; Hong Min Choi; Hyo Jung Moon. 2018. "Evaluation of Honeybee Viral Safety from the Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) Venom." Journal of Apiculture 33, no. 3: 181-186.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2018 in Journal of Apiculture
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ACS Style

Se Gun Kim; Soon Ok Woo; Kyeong Won Bang; Hye Ri Jang; Sang Mi Han. Chemical Composition of Drone Pupa of Apis mellifera and its Nutritional Evaluation. Journal of Apiculture 2018, 33, 17 -23.

AMA Style

Se Gun Kim, Soon Ok Woo, Kyeong Won Bang, Hye Ri Jang, Sang Mi Han. Chemical Composition of Drone Pupa of Apis mellifera and its Nutritional Evaluation. Journal of Apiculture. 2018; 33 (1):17-23.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Se Gun Kim; Soon Ok Woo; Kyeong Won Bang; Hye Ri Jang; Sang Mi Han. 2018. "Chemical Composition of Drone Pupa of Apis mellifera and its Nutritional Evaluation." Journal of Apiculture 33, no. 1: 17-23.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2018 in Journal of Apiculture
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ACS Style

Sang Mi Han; Soon Ok Woo; Se Gun Kim; Hye Ri Jang; Kyung Woo Lee. Antibacterial Effects of Purified Bee Venom against Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Journal of Apiculture 2018, 33, 9 -16.

AMA Style

Sang Mi Han, Soon Ok Woo, Se Gun Kim, Hye Ri Jang, Kyung Woo Lee. Antibacterial Effects of Purified Bee Venom against Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Journal of Apiculture. 2018; 33 (1):9-16.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sang Mi Han; Soon Ok Woo; Se Gun Kim; Hye Ri Jang; Kyung Woo Lee. 2018. "Antibacterial Effects of Purified Bee Venom against Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Journal of Apiculture 33, no. 1: 9-16.

Journal article
Published: 05 February 2018 in Molecules
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Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that contributes to the destruction of the gingiva. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) can cause periodontitis via its pathogenic lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Melittin, a major component of bee venom, is known to have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. However, the role of melittin in the inflammatory response has not been elucidated in periodontitis-like human keratinocytes. Therefore, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of melittin on a P. gingivalis LPS (PgLPS)-treated HaCaT human keratinocyte cell line. The cytotoxicity of melittin was measured using a human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT, and a Cell Counting Kit-8. The effect of melittin on PgLPS-induced inflammation was determined with Western blot, real-time quantitative PCT, and immunofluorescence. PgLPS increased the expression of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Moreover, PgLPS induced activation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and protein kinase B/Akt. Melittin also inhibited the expression of proinflammatory cytokines by suppressing the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, ERK, and Akt. Melittin attenuates the PgLPS-induced inflammatory response and could therefore be applied in the treatment of periodontitis for anti-inflammatory effects.

ACS Style

Woon-Hae Kim; Hyun-Jin An; Jung-Yeon Kim; Mi-Gyeong Gwon; Hyemin Gu; Minji Jeon; Min-Kyung Kim; Sang-Mi Han; Kwan-Kyu Park. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Melittin on Porphyromonas Gingivalis LPS-Stimulated Human Keratinocytes. Molecules 2018, 23, 332 .

AMA Style

Woon-Hae Kim, Hyun-Jin An, Jung-Yeon Kim, Mi-Gyeong Gwon, Hyemin Gu, Minji Jeon, Min-Kyung Kim, Sang-Mi Han, Kwan-Kyu Park. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Melittin on Porphyromonas Gingivalis LPS-Stimulated Human Keratinocytes. Molecules. 2018; 23 (2):332.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Woon-Hae Kim; Hyun-Jin An; Jung-Yeon Kim; Mi-Gyeong Gwon; Hyemin Gu; Minji Jeon; Min-Kyung Kim; Sang-Mi Han; Kwan-Kyu Park. 2018. "Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Melittin on Porphyromonas Gingivalis LPS-Stimulated Human Keratinocytes." Molecules 23, no. 2: 332.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2017 in Pharmacological Reports
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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is identified by an increase in infiltrations of several inflammatory cells including type 2 helper (Th2) lymphocytes. Th2-related chemokines such as thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22), and pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 are considered to play a crucial role in AD. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α- and interferon (IFN)-γ induce the inflammatory condition through production of TARC, MDC, IL-1β and IL-6, and activations of related transcription factors, such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) in keratinocytes. Apamin, a peptide component of bee venom, has been reported its beneficial activities in various diseases. However, anti-inflammatory effects of apamin on inflammatory condition in keratinocytes have not been explored. Therefore, the present study aimed to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effect of apamin on TNF-α- and IFN-γ-induced inflammatory condition in keratinocytes.HaCaT was used as human keratinocytes cell line. Cell Counting Kit-8 was performed to measure a cytotoxicity of apamin. The effects of apamin on TNF-α-/IFN-γ-induced inflammatory condition were determined by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Further, NF-κB signaling pathways, STAT1, and STAT3 were analyzed by Western blot and immunofluorescence.Apamin ameliorated the inflammatory condition through suppression of Th2-related chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Further, apamin down-regulated the activations of NF-κB signaling pathways and STATs in HaCaT cells.These results suggest that apamin has therapeutic effect on AD through improvement of inflammatory condition.

ACS Style

Woon-Hae Kim; Park Kwan-Kyu; Jung-Yeon Kim; Mi-Gyeong Gwon; Hyemin Gu; Sun-Jae Lee; Ji Y. Park; Kyung-Duck Park; Sang-Mi Han; Min-Kyung Kim; Kwan-Kyu Park. Apamin inhibits TNF-α- and IFN-γ-induced inflammatory cytokines and chemokines via suppressions of NF-κB signaling pathway and STAT in human keratinocytes. Pharmacological Reports 2017, 69, 1030 -1035.

AMA Style

Woon-Hae Kim, Park Kwan-Kyu, Jung-Yeon Kim, Mi-Gyeong Gwon, Hyemin Gu, Sun-Jae Lee, Ji Y. Park, Kyung-Duck Park, Sang-Mi Han, Min-Kyung Kim, Kwan-Kyu Park. Apamin inhibits TNF-α- and IFN-γ-induced inflammatory cytokines and chemokines via suppressions of NF-κB signaling pathway and STAT in human keratinocytes. Pharmacological Reports. 2017; 69 (5):1030-1035.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Woon-Hae Kim; Park Kwan-Kyu; Jung-Yeon Kim; Mi-Gyeong Gwon; Hyemin Gu; Sun-Jae Lee; Ji Y. Park; Kyung-Duck Park; Sang-Mi Han; Min-Kyung Kim; Kwan-Kyu Park. 2017. "Apamin inhibits TNF-α- and IFN-γ-induced inflammatory cytokines and chemokines via suppressions of NF-κB signaling pathway and STAT in human keratinocytes." Pharmacological Reports 69, no. 5: 1030-1035.

Journal article
Published: 30 September 2017 in Journal of Apiculture
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We investigated whether purified bee venom increases the enzymatic activity of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). ADH and ALDH assay were tested by in vitro kits. The purified bee venom was assayed by ultra performance liquid chromatography, The contents of melittin, apamin and phospholipase A2, as main component of purified bee venom, were 63.9%, 2.3%, and 10.9%, respectively. The ADH and ALDH acitivity of purified bee venom(at 1mg/ml) were 88.6±7.34% and 94.6±0.57%, respectively compared with positive control at 2mg/ml. These results showed that purified bee venom induces the activity of ADH and ALDH which reduce the aldehyde concentration in the blood, suggesting the possibility of purified bee venom as resource of medicine or functional beverage for hangover relieving.

ACS Style

Sang Mi Han; In Pyo Hong; Soon Ok Woo; Se Gun Kim; Hye Ri Jang. ADH and ALDH Activation of Purified Bee Venom (Apis mellifera L.). Journal of Apiculture 2017, 32, 269 -273.

AMA Style

Sang Mi Han, In Pyo Hong, Soon Ok Woo, Se Gun Kim, Hye Ri Jang. ADH and ALDH Activation of Purified Bee Venom (Apis mellifera L.). Journal of Apiculture. 2017; 32 (3):269-273.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sang Mi Han; In Pyo Hong; Soon Ok Woo; Se Gun Kim; Hye Ri Jang. 2017. "ADH and ALDH Activation of Purified Bee Venom (Apis mellifera L.)." Journal of Apiculture 32, no. 3: 269-273.

Journal article
Published: 30 September 2017 in Journal of Apiculture
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Propolis, natural antibacterial agent, which has been used traditional medicine across the globe, is resinous mixture to include abundant bioactive substances. In present study, we investigated antimicrobial activity according to quality characteristics of propolis collected from 9 different regions in Korea. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by measuring growth inhibition zone using agar well diffusion method against Streptococcus mutans. Constituents analysis of propolis samples were measured through total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents and quantitative analysis of major compound (pinocembrin) by ultra performance liquid chromatography. As a result, 9 different propolis (10mg/mL) and pinocembrin (1mg/mL) showed antimicrobial activity that has growth inhibition zone more than 11.9mm on S. mutans. The total flavonoid contents of 8 different propolis excluding Jeju island were in compliance with standard of health functional food in Korea and were found to affect antimicrobial activity on S. mutans when contained over 10mg/g. In addition, when content of pinocembrin in propolis was ranged from 12mg/g to 32mg/g, each propolis excluding Jeju island exhibited antimicrobial activity alike. These results indicate that pinocembrin plays a important role for antimicrobial activity of propolis collected from 8 different regions in Korea, and that it can be used as basic data for standardization of Korean propolis.

ACS Style

Se Gun Kim; In Pyo Hong; Soon Ok Woo; Hye Ri Jang; Sang Mi Han. UPLC Analysis of Pinocembrin and Antimicrobial Activity of Propolis Collected from Different Regions in Korea. Journal of Apiculture 2017, 32, 253 -259.

AMA Style

Se Gun Kim, In Pyo Hong, Soon Ok Woo, Hye Ri Jang, Sang Mi Han. UPLC Analysis of Pinocembrin and Antimicrobial Activity of Propolis Collected from Different Regions in Korea. Journal of Apiculture. 2017; 32 (3):253-259.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Se Gun Kim; In Pyo Hong; Soon Ok Woo; Hye Ri Jang; Sang Mi Han. 2017. "UPLC Analysis of Pinocembrin and Antimicrobial Activity of Propolis Collected from Different Regions in Korea." Journal of Apiculture 32, no. 3: 253-259.

Journal article
Published: 30 June 2017 in Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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ACS Style

Sang Mi Han; 농촌진흥청국립농업과학원농업생물부; In Phyo Hong; Soon Ok Woo; Se Gun Kim; Hye Ri Jang. Mutagenicity Study of Purified Bee Venom (Apis mellifera L.) by the Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay. Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety 2017, 32, 228 -233.

AMA Style

Sang Mi Han, 농촌진흥청국립농업과학원농업생물부, In Phyo Hong, Soon Ok Woo, Se Gun Kim, Hye Ri Jang. Mutagenicity Study of Purified Bee Venom (Apis mellifera L.) by the Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay. Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety. 2017; 32 (3):228-233.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sang Mi Han; 농촌진흥청국립농업과학원농업생물부; In Phyo Hong; Soon Ok Woo; Se Gun Kim; Hye Ri Jang. 2017. "Mutagenicity Study of Purified Bee Venom (Apis mellifera L.) by the Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay." Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety 32, no. 3: 228-233.

Journal article
Published: 19 May 2017 in Molecules
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Bee venom (BV) has long been used as a traditional medicine. The aim of the present study was to formulate a BV emulsion with good rheological properties for dermal application and investigate the effect of formulation on the permeation of melittin through dermatomed rat skin. A formulated emulsion containing 1% (w/v) BV was prepared. The emulsion was compared with distilled water (DW) and 25% (w/v) N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) in DW. Permeation of melittin from aqueous solution through the dermatomed murine skin was evaluated using the Franz diffusion cells. Samples of receptor cells withdrawn at pre-determined time intervals were measured for melittin amount. After the permeation study, the same skin was used for melittin extraction. In addition, a known amount of melittin (5 μg/mL) was added to stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis of the rat skin, and the amount of melittin was measured at pre-determined time points. The measurement of melittin from all samples was done with HPLC-MS/MS. No melittin was detected in the receptor phase at all time points in emulsion, DW, or NMP groups. When the amount of melittin was further analyzed in stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis from the permeation study, melittin was still not detected. In an additional experiment, the amount of melittin added to all skin matrices was corrected against the amount of melittin recovered. While the total amount of melittin was retained in the stratum corneum, less than 10% of melittin remained in epidermis and dermis within 15 and 30 min, respectively. Skin microporation with BV emulsion facilitates the penetration of melittin across the stratum corneum into epidermis and dermis, where emulsified melittin could have been metabolized by locally-occurring enzymes.

ACS Style

Sang Mi Han; Se Gun Kim; Sok Cheon Pak. Emulsion-Based Intradermal Delivery of Melittin in Rats. Molecules 2017, 22, 836 .

AMA Style

Sang Mi Han, Se Gun Kim, Sok Cheon Pak. Emulsion-Based Intradermal Delivery of Melittin in Rats. Molecules. 2017; 22 (5):836.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sang Mi Han; Se Gun Kim; Sok Cheon Pak. 2017. "Emulsion-Based Intradermal Delivery of Melittin in Rats." Molecules 22, no. 5: 836.

Journal article
Published: 16 May 2017 in Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology
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ObjectiveBee (Apis mellifera L.) venom (BV) has been used as a cosmetic ingredient owing to its anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects. The aim of this study was to assess the skin safety of BV.MethodsFor this purpose, skin phototoxicity and sensitization tests were conducted in healthy male Hartley guinea pigs. The animals were divided into three groups (n=5) for the phototoxicity test: G1 (negative control), G2 (BV gel treatment), and G3 (positive control). After specified treatments, the animals were irradiated with ultraviolet A (15 J/cm2). The photosensitivity test was also performed in three groups: G4 (negative control, n=5), G5 (BV gel treatment, n=10), and G6 (positive control, n=5).ResultsErythema and edema were observed after 24, 48, and 72 hours in the positive control group, but not in the negative control and BV gel groups. Application of BV to the guinea pig skin had no toxic effects on any clinical signs, body weight, or mortality. In addition, it did not evoke a skin reaction in both either the skin phototoxicity and skin photosensitization tests.ConclusionTherefore, it can be concluded that BV has the potential to be developed as a drug ingredient for topical uses.

ACS Style

Sang Mi Han; In Phyo Hong; Soon Ok Woo; Se Gun Kim; He Rye Jang; Kwan Kyu Park. Evaluation of the skin phototoxicity and photosensitivity of honeybee venom. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 2017, 16, 285 -e75.

AMA Style

Sang Mi Han, In Phyo Hong, Soon Ok Woo, Se Gun Kim, He Rye Jang, Kwan Kyu Park. Evaluation of the skin phototoxicity and photosensitivity of honeybee venom. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology. 2017; 16 (4):285-e75.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sang Mi Han; In Phyo Hong; Soon Ok Woo; Se Gun Kim; He Rye Jang; Kwan Kyu Park. 2017. "Evaluation of the skin phototoxicity and photosensitivity of honeybee venom." Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 16, no. 4: 285-e75.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2017 in Journal of Apiculture
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PLA₂ is the second highest content of bee venom components next to the melittin. However, unlike melittin has various pharmacological effects, PLA₂ has been known as an allergen and thus most researches on PLA₂ were focused on removing it or inhibiting its activity. Recently, PLA₂ is effective in the treatment of liver damage and cancer cell suppression. PLA₂ is in the spotlight as an active ingredient of pharmaceuticals. In this study, we developed a method for effective isolation of PLA₂ from bee venom. Sep-pak cartridge column was used to separate pure PLA₂ from the TFA / MeCN mobile phase after 6 steps including column stabilization and bee venom injection. The purity was 99.7±0.03% and the yield was 37.5±3.6%, proving that PLA₂ of high purity can be effectively separated by this method. Purified PLA₂ activity, as well as standard PLA₂ activity had the growth inhibitions against hepatocellular carcinoma cells. This study will be useful for the research on physiological activity of PLA₂ and the development of various pharmaceuticals containing PLA₂.

ACS Style

Sang Mi Han; Se Gun Kim; In Pyo Hong; Soon Ok Woo; Hye Ri Jang. Purification of Phospholipase A₂ from Honeybee Venom. Journal of Apiculture 2017, 32, 63 -67.

AMA Style

Sang Mi Han, Se Gun Kim, In Pyo Hong, Soon Ok Woo, Hye Ri Jang. Purification of Phospholipase A₂ from Honeybee Venom. Journal of Apiculture. 2017; 32 (1):63-67.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sang Mi Han; Se Gun Kim; In Pyo Hong; Soon Ok Woo; Hye Ri Jang. 2017. "Purification of Phospholipase A₂ from Honeybee Venom." Journal of Apiculture 32, no. 1: 63-67.

Journal article
Published: 28 February 2017 in The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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ACS Style

Se Gun Kim; In Phyo Hong; Soon Ok Woo; Hye Ri Jang; Jae Seon Jang; Sang Mi Han. Chemical Composition of Korean Natural Honeys and Sugar Fed Honeys. The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition 2017, 30, 112 -119.

AMA Style

Se Gun Kim, In Phyo Hong, Soon Ok Woo, Hye Ri Jang, Jae Seon Jang, Sang Mi Han. Chemical Composition of Korean Natural Honeys and Sugar Fed Honeys. The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition. 2017; 30 (1):112-119.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Se Gun Kim; In Phyo Hong; Soon Ok Woo; Hye Ri Jang; Jae Seon Jang; Sang Mi Han. 2017. "Chemical Composition of Korean Natural Honeys and Sugar Fed Honeys." The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition 30, no. 1: 112-119.

Original article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Pharmacognosy Magazine
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Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is linked to the development of the majority of peptic ulcers and some types of gastric cancers, and its antibiotic resistance is currently found worldwide. This study is aimed at evaluating the anti-H. pylori activity of Korean acacia honey and isolating the related active components using organic solvents. The crude acacia honey was extracted with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and n-butanol. The EtOAc extract was subjected to octadecyl-silica chromatography. The extracts and fractions were then examined for anti-H. pylori activity using the agar well diffusion method. The antimicrobial activity of abscisic acid against H. pylori was investigated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs), and by performing a time-kill assay. Abscisic acid related to the botanical origins of acacia honey from Korea has been analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography. The MICs and MBCs of abscisic acid were 2.7 ± 1.3 and 6.9 ± 1.9 μg/mL, respectively. The bactericidal activity of abscisic acid (at 10.8 μg/mL corresponding to 4 × MIC) killed the organism within 36–72 h. These results suggest that abscisic acid isolated from Korean acacia honey has antibacterial activity against H. pylori. Abscisic acid isolated from Korean acacia honey can be therapeutic and may be further exploited as a potential lead candidate for the development of treatments for H. pylori-induced infections. The crude acacia honey was extracted with n-hexane, dichloromethane, EtOAc, and n-butanolThe EtOAc extract yielded eight fractions and four subfractions were subsequently obtained chromatographicallyAbscisic acid was isolated from one subfractionAll the solvent extracts and fractions showed antibacterial activity against H. pyloriAbscisic acid exhibited antibacterial activity against H. pylori. Abbreviations used: MeOH: Methanol; EtOAc: Ethyl acetate; TSB: Trypticase soy broth; MIC: Minimum inhibitory concentration; MBC: Minimum bactericidal concentration; CFU: Colony-forming units; UPLC: Ultra-performance liquid chromatography; DAD: Diode array detector; UV: Ultraviolet; ODS: Octadecyl-silica; MS: Mass spectrometry; SE: Standard error.

ACS Style

Sangmi Han; Segun Kim; Inpyo Hong; Soonok Woo; Hyeri Jang; Sokcheon Pak. Isolation of abscisic acid from korean acacia honey with anti-Helicobacter pylori activity. Pharmacognosy Magazine 2017, 13, 170 -S173.

AMA Style

Sangmi Han, Segun Kim, Inpyo Hong, Soonok Woo, Hyeri Jang, Sokcheon Pak. Isolation of abscisic acid from korean acacia honey with anti-Helicobacter pylori activity. Pharmacognosy Magazine. 2017; 13 (50):170-S173.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sangmi Han; Segun Kim; Inpyo Hong; Soonok Woo; Hyeri Jang; Sokcheon Pak. 2017. "Isolation of abscisic acid from korean acacia honey with anti-Helicobacter pylori activity." Pharmacognosy Magazine 13, no. 50: 170-S173.

Journal article
Published: 10 November 2016 in Molecules
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Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to destruction of tooth supporting tissues. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), especially its lipopolysaccharides (LPS), is one of major pathogens that cause periodontitis. Bee venom (BV) has been widely used as a traditional medicine for various diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial effects of BV. However, a direct role and cellular mechanism of BV on periodontitis-like human keratinocytes have not been explored. Therefore, we investigated the anti-inflammatory mechanism of BV against P. gingivalis LPS (PgLPS)-induced HaCaT human keratinocyte cell line. The anti-inflammatory effect of BV was demonstrated by various molecular biological methods. The results showed that PgLPS increased the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and interferon (IFN)-γ. In addition, PgLPS induced activation of the signaling pathways of inflammatory cytokines-related transcription factors, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1). BV effectively inhibited those pro-inflammatory cytokines through suppression of NF-κB and AP-1 signaling pathways. These results suggest that administration of BV attenuates PgLPS-induced inflammatory responses. Furthermore, BV may be a useful treatment to anti-inflammatory therapy for periodontitis.

ACS Style

Woon-Hae Kim; Hyun-Jin An; Jung-Yeon Kim; Mi-Gyeong Gwon; Hyemin Gu; Jae-Bok Park; Woo Jung Sung; Yong-Chul Kwon; Kyung-Duck Park; Sang Mi Han; Kwan-Kyu Park. Bee Venom Inhibits Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharides-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines through Suppression of NF-κB and AP-1 Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2016, 21, 1508 .

AMA Style

Woon-Hae Kim, Hyun-Jin An, Jung-Yeon Kim, Mi-Gyeong Gwon, Hyemin Gu, Jae-Bok Park, Woo Jung Sung, Yong-Chul Kwon, Kyung-Duck Park, Sang Mi Han, Kwan-Kyu Park. Bee Venom Inhibits Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharides-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines through Suppression of NF-κB and AP-1 Signaling Pathways. Molecules. 2016; 21 (11):1508.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Woon-Hae Kim; Hyun-Jin An; Jung-Yeon Kim; Mi-Gyeong Gwon; Hyemin Gu; Jae-Bok Park; Woo Jung Sung; Yong-Chul Kwon; Kyung-Duck Park; Sang Mi Han; Kwan-Kyu Park. 2016. "Bee Venom Inhibits Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharides-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines through Suppression of NF-κB and AP-1 Signaling Pathways." Molecules 21, no. 11: 1508.