Climate change has resulted in severe landslides in Maskun, Iran. This study evaluates and monitors the displacement caused by the landslide mass in Bam using Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) and Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) techniques, as well as identifies relationships between climatic conditions and mass displacement. Temperature and precipitation data from 2007 to 2019 were combined with satellite images and the DInSAR method was used to determine the mass displacement differences after selecting eighteen radar images from the ASAR sensor of the ENVISAT satellite. Additionally, Sentinel 1 satellite images were acquired and analyzed using the PSI method from November 5, 2014, to June 24, 2019. The highest displacement level at the surface of the Maskun landslide mass was then extracted. The ASAR images show a monthly displacement rate of 7.3 mm. The smallest displacement, on the other hand, occurred between May and September 2009, at a rate of 3.1 mm/month. PSI results also revealed that the maximum Line Of Sight (LOS) velocities detected by PSI are −64.5 mm/yr (away from the satellite) and 32.45 mm/yr (toward the satellite). Rainfall is one of the main triggers for increasing the deformation of the Maskun landslide according to the time-series analysis.

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) monitors surface change and displacement over a large area with millimeter-level precision and meter-level resolution. Anar fault, with a length of ~200 km, is located in central Iran. Recent seismological studies on the fault indicated that it is approaching the end of its seismic cycle. Although a large earthquake is imminent, the mechanism of the fault is not well understood. Therefore, understanding and discovering the mechanism of Anar fault remains a challenge. Here, we present an approach of displacement fault analysis utilizing a combination of InSAR data obtained from the persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI) method and 178 Sentinel-1 images (ascending and descending) (2017–2020). We incorporated groundwater samples from 40 wells, radon concentration anomaly mapping, Global Positioning System (GPS), and 3D displacement measurement acquired over four years (2016–2020). We investigated and monitored the deformation of the fault plate’s behavior over the last three years (2017–2020) to explore new evidence and signature of displacement. The results show that the time series analysis in the fault range has an increasing displacement rate in all dimensions. We observed that the line-of-sight (LOS) displacement rate varied from −15 mm to 5 mm per year. Our calculations show that the E–W, N–S, and vertical displacement rates of the fault blocks are 2 mm to −2 mm, 6 mm to −6 mm, and 2 mm to −4 mm per year, respectively. An anomaly map of the radon concentration shows that the complete alignment of the high concentration ranges with the fault strike and the radon concentration increased on average from 23.85 Bq/L to 25.30 Bq/L over these three years. Therefore, we predict rising the radon concentration is due to the increase in activity which resulted in a deformation. Finally, our findings show that the Anar fault is an oblique and right-lateral strike-slip with a normal component mechanism. We validated the proposed method and our results by comparing the GPS field data and PSI measurements. The root mean square error (RMSE) of the PSI measurement is estimated to be 0.142 mm. Based on the supporting evidence and signature, we conclude that the Anar fault activity increased between 2017 and 2020.

Barchan dunes are among the most common accumulative phenomena made by wind erosion, which are usually formed in regions where the prevailing wind direction is almost constant throughout the year and there is not enough sand to completely cover the land surface. Barchans are among the most common windy landscapes in Pashoueyeh Erg in the west of Lut Desert, Iran. This study aims to elaborate on morphological properties of barchans in this region using mathematical and statistical models. The results of these methods are very important in investigating barchan shapes and identifying their behavior. Barchan shapes were mathematically modeled by simulating them in the coordinate system through nonlinear parabolic equations, so that two separate equations were calculated for barchan windward and slip-face parabolas. The type and intensity of relationships between barchan morphology and mathematical parameters were determined by the statistical modeling. The results indicated that the existing relationships followed the power correlation with the maximum coefficient of determination and minimum error of estimate. Combining the above two methods is a powerful basis for stimulating barchans in virtual and laboratory environments. The most important result of this study is to convert the mathematical and statistical models of barchan morphology to each other. Focal length is one of the most important parameters of barchan parabolas, suggesting different states of barchans in comparison with each other. As the barchan’s focal length decreases, its opening becomes narrower, and the divergence of the barchan’s horns reduces. Barchans with longer focal length have greater width, dimensions, and volume. In general, identifying and estimating the morphometric and planar parameters of barchans is effective in how they move, how much they move, and how they behave in the environment. These cases play an important role in the management of desert areas.

Aims & Backgrounds: The faults and tectonic structures have a major effect on groundwater resources. They create aquifers and control their path. Determination of the relationship between faults and groundwater resources can help to identify the new water resources. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between faults and groundwater resources ...