Massive MIMO will improve the performance of future 5G systems in terms of data rate and spectral efficiency, while accommodating a large number of users. Furthermore, it allows for 3D beamforming in order to provide more degrees of freedom and increase the number of high-throughput users. Massive MIMO is expected to provide more advantages compared to other solutions in terms of energy and spectral efficiency. This will be achieved by focusing the radiation towards the direction of the intended users, thus implementing simultaneous transmission to many users while keeping interference low. It can boost the capacity compared to a conventional antenna solution, resulting in a spectral efficiency up to 50 times greater than that provided by actual 4G technology. However, to take full advantage of this technology and to overcome the challenges of implementation in a real environment, a complicated radio system is required. The purpose of this work is to present the MIMO technology evolution and challenges in a simple introductory way and investigate potential system enhancements.

A converged broadcast and telecommunication service platform is presented that is able to create, deliver, and manage interactive, multimedia content and services for consumption on three different terminal types. The motivations of service providers for designing converged interactive multimedia services, which are crafted for their individual requirements, are investigated. The overall design of the system is presented with particular emphasis placed on the operational features of each of the sub-systems, the flows of media and metadata through the sub-systems and the formats and protocols required for inter-communication between them. The key features of tools required for creating converged interactive multimedia content for a range of different end-user terminal types are examined. Finally possible enhancements to this system are discussed. This study is of particular interest to those organizations currently conducting trials and commercial launches of DVB-H services because it provides them with an insight of the various additional functions required in the service provisioning platforms to provide fully interactive services to a range of different mobile terminal types

This paper presents a novel method for optimizing a planar elliptical dipole antenna with elliptical slots, for ultrawideband electromagnetic compatibility applications. The antenna is required to achieve minimum return loss and boresight realized gain with an adequate gain flatness across the frequency range of 1–5 GHz. Such an antenna is a powerful tool for electromagnetic measurements, due to its very compact size and its wide operating bandwidth. The main optimization method used in this paper is the invasive weed optimization (IWO), which is a nature-inspired metaheuristic evolutionary algorithm. The conventional and a modified version of IWO are compared to other prior-art evolutionary algorithms, such as the particle swarm optimization and differential evolution. The comparison is performed by applying all the methods on a set of mathematical test functions and also on the specific antenna design problem presented in this paper. The comparative results demonstrate the superiority of the modified IWO over the other optimization methods.

In this paper, a novel device identification method is proposed to improve the security of Visible Light Communication (VLC) in 5G networks. This method extracts the fingerprints of Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) to identify the devices accessing the 5G network. The extraction and identification mechanisms have been investigated from the theoretical perspective as well as verified experimentally. Moreover, a demonstration in a practical indoor VLC-based 5G network has been carried out to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of this approach. The fingerprints of four identical white LEDs were extracted successfully from the received 5G NR (New Radio) signals. To perform identification, four types of machine-learning-based classifiers were employed and the resulting accuracy was up to 97.1%.

This paper presents a design and prototype of an IoT-based health and safety monitoring system using MATLAB GUI. This system, which is called the Smart Health and Safety Monitoring System, is aimed at reducing the time, cost and manpower requirements of distributed workplaces. The proposed system is a real-time control and monitoring system that can access on-line the status of consumable devices in the workplace via the internet and prioritise the critically high location that need replenishing. The system dynamically updates the status of all location, such as first aid boxes, earplug dispensers and fire extinguishers. Simulation results of the proposed system gives shorter path, time and cost in comparison to manual maintenance systems.

The human eyes and their surrounding features are capable of conveying an array of emotional and social information through expressions. Producing virtual human eyes which are able to communicate these complex mental states continues to be a challenging research topic in computer graphics (CG) as subtle inaccuracies can be the difference between realistic and uncanny. With the recent emergence of virtual customer service agents, the demand for expressive virtual eyes is increasing. One essential question that remains to be answered is: Can virtual human eyes effectively transmit emotion? Through a combination of 3D scanning and manual hand modelling techniques, we developed an efficient pipeline to realise a virtual model of the human eye area that displays real-world characteristics. From this model eye expression renders of the six basic emotions, anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise were generated (Ekman et al., 1969). The perceptual quality of the model was evaluated by showing respondents from two age groups the six eye expressions renders and corresponding real-world photos. Respondents then judged which of the six emotions best described each image. Our findings indicate a clear relationship between the recognition levels for both photographic and virtual stimuli plus a significant level of emotional perception was found for the virtual eye expressions of sadness and anger. This research of human cognition and CG is a starting point for investigating the use of artificial human eye expressions as an effective research tool in the perceptual community.