The government of Malaysia has recently decided to explore the feasibility of wind energy to generate electricity in the country. Their ambition is to achieve a measureable target in the percentage contribution of electricity generated by renewable energy technology in the national electricity generation mix. As part of this initiative, a study of wind energy policy has been conducted by identifying the optimal feed-in tariff (FiT) rates to support the development of wind energy in the country. The aim of this paper is to calculate the optimal level of tariff that is suitable with local wind conditions. A closed-form equation for optimal feed-in tariff rate of wind energy with consideration of the availability of capital allowance has been developed. The focus is on small- and utility-scale wind turbine installations. As a result, by considering the availability of capital allowance, the optimal FiT rates for small-scale wind turbines in Malaysia are between 0.9245–1.1313 RM/kWh, while utility-scale rates are between 0.7396 and 0.9050 RM/kWh. The level of FiT is changed with the changing value of economic parameters. Kudat, in northern Borneo, has been identified as a prime site for wind energy development in the country; however, more work needs to be conducted, including the development of a regional wind map and measurement of wind data at more new potential sites.

Household energy consumption in Malaysia has been increasing in recent years, in parallel with a continuous high rate of economic growth and urbanization. Therefore, effective measures are urgently needed to contain its rapid growth to achieve better energy security. This research was carried out to observe how energy is consumed in the residential sector in end-use level. Applying conditional demand analysis (CDA) method to model the residential end-use energy consumption in Terengganu from 1561 respondents, socioeconomic parameters, household characteristics, attitudinal factors, environmental information and appliance ownerships have been found to have an impact on energy consumption. The findings from this study will serve as basis for formulation of energy saving goals and action plans in the sector and for monitoring performance of such energy saving programs.

Purpose: The current study examined the impact of population ageing on environmental quality in 17 late-demographic dividend (LDD) countries.Design/methodology/approach: The panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model using pooled mean group (PMG) estimator based on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis was used to analyse data for the period 1990–2018.Findings: The empirical results demonstrated that in the long run, carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions decrease with population ageing. The prevailing findings also indicated no sufficient evidence of EKC hypothesis validity and electricity consumption, which is the primary driving force of CO₂ emissions in LDD countries.Originality/value: Unlike prior works, this paper is among the first to discuss environmental quality due to the current demographic transition towards ageing among LDD countries. Based on the results, population ageing reduces the environmental deterioration. The identification of possible ageing impact is vital to combat the climate change in order for countries to achieve sustainability, better economy and quality environment.