The unique and very large PGE–Cu–Ni Noril’sk deposits are located within the Siberian trap province, posing a number of questions about the relationship between the ore-forming process and the magmatism that produced the traps. A successful answer to these questions could greatly increase the possibility of discovering new deposits in flood basalt provinces elsewhere. In this contribution, we present new data on volcanic stratigraphy and geochemistry of the magmatic rocks in the key regions of the Siberian trap province (Noril’sk, Taimyr, Maymecha-Kotuy, Kulyumber, Lower Tunguska and Angara) and analyze the structure of the north part of the province. The magmatic rocks of the Arctic zone are characterized by variable MgO (3.6–37.2 wt %) and TiO₂ (0.8–3.9 wt %) contents, Gd/Yb (1.4–6.3) and La/Sm (2.0–10.4) ratios, and a large range of isotopic compositions. The intrusions in the center of the Tunguska syneclise and Angara syncline have much less variable compositions and correspond to a “typical trap” with MgO of 5.6–7.2 wt %, TiO₂ of 1.0–1.6 wt %, Gd/Yb ratio of 1.4–1.6 and La/Sm ratio of 2.0–3.5. This compositional diversity of magmas in the Arctic zone is consistent with their emplacement within the paleo-rift zones. Ore-bearing intrusions (the Noril’sk 1, Talnakh, Kharaelakh) are deep-situated in the Igarka-Noril’sk rift zone, which has three branches, namely the Bolsheavamsky, Dyupkunsky, and Lower Tunguska, that are prospected for discovering new deposits. One possible explanation for the specific position of the PGE–Cu–Ni deposits is accumulation of sulfides in these long-lived zones from the Neoproterozoic to the Mesozoic era during magmatic and metamorphic processes. Thus, trap magmatism, itself, does not produce large deposits, but mobilizes earlier formed sulfide segregations in addition carrying metals in the original magmas. These deposits are the results of several successive magmatic events, in which emplacement of the traps was the final event.

Variations in the contents of Fe and Mn and a number of trace elements (Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Pb, Th, U, Te, Ba, La, Ce, Nb, and Mo) were simultaneously measured in microlayers in samples of cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts from the surface of three guyots of the Magellan Seamounts by means of synchrotron micro-XRF analysis on a VEPP-3 accelerator facility at the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Micro-scale periodic variations were detected in the contents of most trace elements. The high and low contents of Co, Ni, and Mo in the crusts display also a larger scale periodicity. Based on the previous dating of ferromanganese crusts from the Magellan Seamounts and recent estimates of crust growth rates, we determined the geochronological position of maxima in the stratigraphic section and time intervals between trace element extrema. It was shown that micro-scale periodic variations in trace element contents in all the samples analyzed by us are similar despite the significant differences in the absolute contents of trace elements. The similar trace element variations suggest that this periodicity could be related to global changes in climatic conditions in the ocean. The analysis of correlations between trace elements and manganese, the major component of the crust, revealed the persistency of geochemical associations for all the age stages of crust formation. This can be considered as evidence for the hydrogenous origin of ferromanganese materials on the seamounts. Some specific variations in trace element contents observed in layer III were attributed to the contribution of volcanic processes during the respective stage of development.

In the framework of the GIS project on the geochemistry of Atlantic intraplate magmatism, primary high-magnesian melts were identified there and subdivided into five types: foidites, picrites, basanite-nephelinites, alkaline olivine basalts, and tholeiite. Their relative proportions were determined for both the Atlantic Ocean as a whole and individual magmatic centers. The compositional ranges and average compositions were calculated. It was shown that alkali rocks are predominant, but tholeiite melts account for about 25%. Among ocean-island volcanic rocks, differentiated varieties clearly dominate over primary melts (80 and 20%, respectively). Variations in the proportions of the distinguished types were applied to prepare a map for the petrochemical typification of Atlantic intraplate magmatism. Seven petrochemical zones were provisionally identified, first demonstrating the lateral petrochemical heterogeneity of intraplate sources of the Atlantic Ocean. In addition to the global heterogeneity, each large center of intraplate magmatism (archipelago or island chain) demonstrates local heterogeneities. The variations in the Na/K, Ti/Na, and Si/Ca ratios reflect significant magma generation depths (in the lower mantle) for intraplate magmatism. It was proposed that variations in the Ti/Na ratio in the high-magnesian melts are controlled by a change in the Na and Ti partition coefficients of pyroxene with increasing magma generation depth. A comparison between evolution of the oceanic and continental alkaline magmatism was conducted.

Composition of clinopyroxenes in vertical sections of some ore-bearing basic intrusions in the Noril’sk area has been studied by EPMA. These data formed the basis for the calculation of the pyroxene crystallization temperatures using the El Negro monopyroxene geothermometer (Fe-Mg exchange between M1-M2 positions). The results of the calculations allowed estimating the variations of temperature crystallization within the magmatic chambers from early to the late stages. The temperature varies from 1200 for idiomorphic crystals in equilibrium to liquid and up to 400 degrees (in solid intra exchange) for xenomorphic grains and marginal zones of pyroxenes. We reconstructed the regimes of crystallization of the magmatic chamber by this data. The vertical distribution of paleotemperatures of the intrusive chamber there is the evidence of absence vertical move crystals into such magmatic chambers.

Выполнен проект по созданию современной технологии долгосрочного экологического мониторинга состояния воздушной среды в разных природных условиях на основе беспроводных сенсорных сетей. При проведении работ спроектирован аппаратно-программный комплекс мониторинга и изготовлена аппаратура, состоящая узлов сети и уникальных газовых датчиков. В результате получена распределенная, самоорганизующаяся и устойчивая к отказам отдельных элементов сеть из миниатюрных вычислительных устройств с автономными источниками питания. Узлы такой системы транслируют сообщения друг через друга, обеспечивая значительную площадь покрытия при малой мощности передатчика. Испытаниясистемы в условиях г. Москвы показали, что систему можно использовать для мониторинга загрязненности воздуха крупных городов. В более экстремальных условиях система успешно испытана в Арктике на Кольском полуострове: в подземном руднике Карнасурт в Ловозерском массиве и на поверхности Хибинского массива. Установлено, что разработанная технология экологического мониторинга позволяет с большой дискретностью и точностью проводить наблюдения даже в непосредственной близи от зоны взрывных работ.