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The potent neurotoxicity of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) has been suggested to be a susceptibility factor accelerating the onset of brain tumours and the emergence of neurobehavioural disturbances. B[a]P has been shown to be neurotoxic, acting directly on both the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as indirectly via peripheral organs like liver and gut. By using a realistic B[a]P exposure scenario (0.02–200 mg/kg/day, 10 days) in mice, we elucidated brain-specific B[a]P metabolism and at identified hydroxylated B[a]P metabolites in serum which could be used as markers of cognitive impairment. Repeated oral administration of B[a]P led to, at the doses of 20 and 200 mg/kg/day, significant overexpression of Cyp1a1/Cyp1b1 in 2 out of the 3 brain regions considered, thereby suggesting the ability of the brain to metabolize B[a]P itself. At the same doses, mice exhibited a reduction in anxiety in both the elevated plus maze and the hole board apparatus. Concomitantly, B[a]P triggered dose-dependent changes in Nmda subunit expression (Nr1 and Nr2a/Nr2b) in areas involved in cognition. We detected 9-OH-B[a]P and 7,8-diol-B[a]P in serum at the level for which cognitive impairment was observed. We suggest that these metabolites may, in the future be exploited as potent biomarkers of B[a]P-induced cognitive impairments.
Lynda Cherif; Lei Cao-Lei; Sophie Farinelle; Claude Muller; Jonathan Turner; Henri Schroeder; Nathalie Grova. Assessment of 9-OH- and 7,8-diol-benzo[a]pyrene in Blood as Potent Markers of Cognitive Impairment Related to benzo[a]pyrene Exposure: An Animal Model Study. Toxics 2021, 9, 50 .
AMA StyleLynda Cherif, Lei Cao-Lei, Sophie Farinelle, Claude Muller, Jonathan Turner, Henri Schroeder, Nathalie Grova. Assessment of 9-OH- and 7,8-diol-benzo[a]pyrene in Blood as Potent Markers of Cognitive Impairment Related to benzo[a]pyrene Exposure: An Animal Model Study. Toxics. 2021; 9 (3):50.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLynda Cherif; Lei Cao-Lei; Sophie Farinelle; Claude Muller; Jonathan Turner; Henri Schroeder; Nathalie Grova. 2021. "Assessment of 9-OH- and 7,8-diol-benzo[a]pyrene in Blood as Potent Markers of Cognitive Impairment Related to benzo[a]pyrene Exposure: An Animal Model Study." Toxics 9, no. 3: 50.
A poor socioeconomic environment and social adversity are fundamental determinants of human life span, well-being and health. Previous influenza pandemics showed that socioeconomic factors may determine both disease detection rates and overall outcomes, and preliminary data from the ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic suggests that this is still true. Over the past years it has become clear that early-life adversity (ELA) plays a critical role biasing the immune system towards a pro-inflammatory and senescent phenotype many years later. Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) appear to be particularly sensitive to the early life social environment. As we understand more about the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 it appears that a functional CTL (CD8+) response is required to clear the infection and COVID-19 severity is increased as the CD8+ response becomes somehow diminished or exhausted. This raises the hypothesis that the ELA-induced pro-inflammatory and senescent phenotype may play a role in determining the clinical course of COVID-19, and the convergence of ELA-induced senescence and COVID-19 induced exhaustion represents the worst-case scenario with the least effective T-cell response. If the correct data is collected, it may be possible to separate the early life elements that have made people particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 many years later. This will, naturally, then help us identify those that are most at risk from developing the severest forms of COVID-19. In order to do this, we need to recognize socioeconomic and early-life factors as genuine medically and clinically relevant data that urgently need to be collected. Finally, many biological samples have been collected in the ongoing studies. The mechanisms linking the early life environment with a defined later-life phenotype are starting to be elucidated, and perhaps hold the key to understanding inequalities and differences in the severity of COVID-19.
Cyrielle Holuka; Myriam P. Merz; Sara B. Fernandes; Eleftheria G. Charalambous; Snehaa V. Seal; Nathalie Grova; Jonathan D. Turner. The COVID-19 Pandemic: Does Our Early Life Environment, Life Trajectory and Socioeconomic Status Determine Disease Susceptibility and Severity? International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020, 21, 5094 .
AMA StyleCyrielle Holuka, Myriam P. Merz, Sara B. Fernandes, Eleftheria G. Charalambous, Snehaa V. Seal, Nathalie Grova, Jonathan D. Turner. The COVID-19 Pandemic: Does Our Early Life Environment, Life Trajectory and Socioeconomic Status Determine Disease Susceptibility and Severity? International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21 (14):5094.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCyrielle Holuka; Myriam P. Merz; Sara B. Fernandes; Eleftheria G. Charalambous; Snehaa V. Seal; Nathalie Grova; Jonathan D. Turner. 2020. "The COVID-19 Pandemic: Does Our Early Life Environment, Life Trajectory and Socioeconomic Status Determine Disease Susceptibility and Severity?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 14: 5094.
Hair is increasingly used as a biological matrix of interest for the assessment of hormone secretion over extended periods of time. This study described the development and the validation of a sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous analysis of steroid and thyroid hormones in human hair. The gradient designed in this method enables to obtain a satisfactory separation of 9 hormones of interest: cortisol, cortisone, THE, THF, α-THF, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), estradiol, and testosterone. Several methodological parameters of extraction (such as the used of “cut hair” versus “pulverized hair”, the extraction time, the incubation solvent purification on SPE column and hydrolysis) that may influence the determination of hormones levels in human hair, have thus been tested here. Therefore, the results obtained highlighted the necessity of using a C18 SPE purification method for the determination of both steroid and thyroid hormones in hair. This method allows reaching suitable levels of sensitivity for cortisol and cortisone since the results obtained pointed out concentration levels of cortisol in hair of volunteers similar to those observed in the literature. This method could also offer an important impact in the field of hormone analysis since it allows, for the first time, the quantification of both T3 and T4 in human hair.
N. Grova; X. Wang; E.M. Hardy; P. Palazzi; C. Chata; Brice Appenzeller. Ultra performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometer method applied to the analysis of both thyroid and steroid hormones in human hair. Journal of Chromatography A 2019, 1612, 460648 .
AMA StyleN. Grova, X. Wang, E.M. Hardy, P. Palazzi, C. Chata, Brice Appenzeller. Ultra performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometer method applied to the analysis of both thyroid and steroid hormones in human hair. Journal of Chromatography A. 2019; 1612 ():460648.
Chicago/Turabian StyleN. Grova; X. Wang; E.M. Hardy; P. Palazzi; C. Chata; Brice Appenzeller. 2019. "Ultra performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometer method applied to the analysis of both thyroid and steroid hormones in human hair." Journal of Chromatography A 1612, no. : 460648.
We previously demonstrated that co-exposing pre-steatotic hepatocytes to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a carcinogenic environmental pollutant, and ethanol, favored cell death. Here, the intracellular mechanisms underlying this toxicity were studied. Steatotic WIF-B9 hepatocytes, obtained by a 48h-supplementation with fatty acids, were then exposed to B[a]P/ethanol (10 nM/5 mM, respectively) for 5 days. Nitric oxide (NO) was demonstrated to be a pivotal player in the cell death caused by the co-exposure in steatotic hepatocytes. Indeed, by scavenging NO, CPTIO treatment of co-exposed steatotic cells prevented not only the increase in DNA damage and cell death, but also the decrease in the activity of CYP1, major cytochrome P450s of B[a]P metabolism. This would then lead to an elevation of B[a]P levels, thus possibly suggesting a long-lasting stimulation of the transcription factor AhR. Besides, as NO can react with superoxide anion to produce peroxynitrite, a highly oxidative compound, the use of FeTPPS to inhibit its formation indicated its participation in DNA damage and cell death, further highlighting the important role of NO. Finally, a possible key role for AhR was pointed out by using its antagonist, CH-223191. Indeed it prevented the elevation of ADH activity, known to participate to the ethanol production of ROS, notably superoxide anion. The transcription factor, NFκB, known to be activated by ROS, was shown to be involved in the increase in iNOS expression. Altogether, these data strongly suggested cooperative mechanistic interactions between B[a]P via AhR and ethanol via ROS production, to favor cell death in the context of prior steatosis.
Arnaud Tête; Isabelle Gallais; Muhammad Imran; Martine Chevanne; Marie Liamin; Lydie Sparfel; Simon Bucher; Agnès Burel; Normand Podechard; Brice Appenzeller; Bernard Fromenty; Nathalie Grova; Odile Sergent; Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann. Mechanisms involved in the death of steatotic WIF-B9 hepatocytes co-exposed to benzo[a]pyrene and ethanol: a possible key role for xenobiotic metabolism and nitric oxide. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2018, 129, 323 -337.
AMA StyleArnaud Tête, Isabelle Gallais, Muhammad Imran, Martine Chevanne, Marie Liamin, Lydie Sparfel, Simon Bucher, Agnès Burel, Normand Podechard, Brice Appenzeller, Bernard Fromenty, Nathalie Grova, Odile Sergent, Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann. Mechanisms involved in the death of steatotic WIF-B9 hepatocytes co-exposed to benzo[a]pyrene and ethanol: a possible key role for xenobiotic metabolism and nitric oxide. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2018; 129 ():323-337.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArnaud Tête; Isabelle Gallais; Muhammad Imran; Martine Chevanne; Marie Liamin; Lydie Sparfel; Simon Bucher; Agnès Burel; Normand Podechard; Brice Appenzeller; Bernard Fromenty; Nathalie Grova; Odile Sergent; Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann. 2018. "Mechanisms involved in the death of steatotic WIF-B9 hepatocytes co-exposed to benzo[a]pyrene and ethanol: a possible key role for xenobiotic metabolism and nitric oxide." Free Radical Biology and Medicine 129, no. : 323-337.
Alongside the analysis of urinary metabolites which are traditional biomarkers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) exposure, the possibility of detecting PAH as well as their metabolites in hair has also recently been demonstrated. As the concentration of pollutants detected in hair is not impacted by short-term variations in exposure as can be observed with urine, it accurately represents an individual's average level of exposure, which is the most relevant information when investigating possible linkages with biological effects. In the current study, based on a rat model exposed to a mixture of PAHs for a 90-day period, the linkage between the PAH exposure level and the resulting concentration of their metabolites in hair was then investigated. The linkage between exposure levels and the concentrations of OH-PAH in hair collected at the end of the experiment were compared to those obtained using urinary concentration of OH-PAH collected from the same animals. Linear relationship between levels of exposure and the concentration of OH-PAH in the rats' hair (R2 0.722-0.965, p < 0.001) was observed for 28 OH-PAH out of the 54 investigated. The difference in PAH concentration between the different groups of exposure and the possibility to back determine the animals' level of exposure on the basis of PAH-metabolite concentrations in both hair and urine was also demonstrated. In addition to the strong linear relation observed between the doses of exposure and the levels of concentration of hydroxylated metabolites in hair (p < 0.001), the analysis of a subset of animals demonstrated a linkage between 3-OH-benzo[a]pyrene concentration levels in hair and the levels of B[a]P-DNA adduct formed (p < 0.05), thereby suggesting the potential of their analysis to predict genetic alteration.
Nathalie Grova; Emilie M. Hardy; François Faÿs; Radu C. Duca; Brice Appenzeller. Hair analysis for the biomonitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure: comparison with urinary metabolites and DNA adducts in a rat model. Archives of Toxicology 2018, 92, 3061 -3075.
AMA StyleNathalie Grova, Emilie M. Hardy, François Faÿs, Radu C. Duca, Brice Appenzeller. Hair analysis for the biomonitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure: comparison with urinary metabolites and DNA adducts in a rat model. Archives of Toxicology. 2018; 92 (10):3061-3075.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNathalie Grova; Emilie M. Hardy; François Faÿs; Radu C. Duca; Brice Appenzeller. 2018. "Hair analysis for the biomonitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure: comparison with urinary metabolites and DNA adducts in a rat model." Archives of Toxicology 92, no. 10: 3061-3075.
The present study addresses the hypothesis that the concentration of tetrahydroxylated Polycylic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (tetra-OH-PAHs) in hair might be a useful biomarker of human exposure to PAHs, providing quantitative assessment of the internal dose, as well as information on the associated toxicity in relation to individual's specific metabolism. By means of animal models, this work aimed at identifying new tetra-OH-PAHs which can be released from the hydrolysis of DNA-adducts and can also be directly detected in biological matrices usually used in the field of biomonitoring such as hair and urine. Results obtained from a targeted gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) approach, demonstrated the presence of 8 tetrahydroxylated metabolites in DNA and 23 in hairs of rats exposed to mixtures of PAHs, which had never been analyzed before. Ten tetra-OH-PAHs were clearly characterized by using their analytical standards, corresponding to 4 parent PAHs (phenanthrene, chrysene, benz[a]anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene) whereas 13 tetra-OH-PAHs from 3 other parents (anthracene, fluoranthene and benz[k]fluoranthene) were detected but not yet characterized. No tetrahydroxylated metabolite has been clearly identified for naphthalene, fluorene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene, or dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, which can all potentially form adducts. The relevance of tetra-OH-PAH analysis in hair as biomarkers of PAH exposure was evaluated in a dose-response study conducted on 64 rats (Long Evans females/n = 8 per groups) under repeated exposure (3 times per week) to a mixture of 16 PAHs at low doses (0.01-0.8 mg/kg) for 90 days. Most of the tetra-OH-PAHs targeted in the method were detected in the hairs of the rats, regardless of the dose of exposure. Significant linear relationships (R ranging from 0.558 to 0.964, p < 0.001) were observed between the administered dose and the tetra-OH-PAH concentrations in the hairs for 20 out of the 23 metabolites. By widening the range of PAH metabolites used as biomarkers of exposure so as to include the analysis of PAH tetrahydroxylated forms (especially those exhibiting more than 5 aromatic rings), the present methodology will enable multi-exposure assessments which are more accurately representative of actual situations of exposure to PAHs.
Nathalie Grova; Jean-Philippe Antignac; Emilie M. Hardy; Fabrice Monteau; Karine Pouponneau; Bruno Le Bizec; Brice M.R. Appenzeller. Identification of new tetrahydroxylated metabolites of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in hair as biomarkers of exposure and signature of DNA adduct levels. Analytica Chimica Acta 2017, 995, 65 -76.
AMA StyleNathalie Grova, Jean-Philippe Antignac, Emilie M. Hardy, Fabrice Monteau, Karine Pouponneau, Bruno Le Bizec, Brice M.R. Appenzeller. Identification of new tetrahydroxylated metabolites of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in hair as biomarkers of exposure and signature of DNA adduct levels. Analytica Chimica Acta. 2017; 995 ():65-76.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNathalie Grova; Jean-Philippe Antignac; Emilie M. Hardy; Fabrice Monteau; Karine Pouponneau; Bruno Le Bizec; Brice M.R. Appenzeller. 2017. "Identification of new tetrahydroxylated metabolites of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in hair as biomarkers of exposure and signature of DNA adduct levels." Analytica Chimica Acta 995, no. : 65-76.
Even though clinical, epidemiological and toxicological studies have progressively provided a better knowledge of the underlying mechanisms by which air pollution-derived particulate matter (PM) exerts its harmful health effects, further in vitro studies on relevant cell systems are still needed. Hence, aiming of getting closer to the human in vivo conditions, primary human bronchial epithelial cells derived from normal subjects (NHBE) or sensitive chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-diseased patients (DHBE) were differentiated at the air-liquid interface. Thereafter, they were repeatedly exposed to air pollution-derived PM2.5 to study the occurrence of some relevant genetic and/or epigenetic endpoints. Concentration-, exposure- and season-dependent increases of OH-B[a]P metabolites in NHBE, and to a lesser extent, COPD-DHBE cells were reported; however, there were more tetra-OH-B[a]P and 8-OHdG DNA adducts in COPD-DHBE cells. No increase in primary DNA strand break nor chromosomal aberration was observed in repeatedly exposed cells. Telomere length and telomerase activity were modified in a concentration- and exposure-dependent manner in NHBE and particularly COPD-DHBE cells. There were a global DNA hypomethylation, a P16 gene promoter hypermethylation, and a decreasing DNA methyltransferase activity in NHBE and notably COPD-DHBE cells repeatedly exposed. Changes in site-specific methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation of histone H3 (i.e., H3K4me3, H3K9ac, H3K27ac, and H3S10ph) and related enzyme activities occurred in a concentration- and exposure-dependent manner in all the repeatedly exposed cells. Collectively, these results highlighted the key role played by genetic and even epigenetic events in NHBE and particularly sensitive COPD-DHBE cells repeatedly exposed to air pollution-derived PM2.5 and their different responsiveness. While these specific epigenetic changes have been already described in COPD and even lung cancer phenotypes, our findings supported that, together with genetic events, these epigenetic events could dramatically contribute to the shift from healthy to diseased phenotypes following repeated exposure to relatively low doses of air pollution-derived PM2.5.
B. Leclercq; A. Platel; S. Antherieu; L.Y. Alleman; E.M. Hardy; E. Perdrix; N. Grova; V. Riffault; B.M. Appenzeller; M. Happillon; F. Nesslany; P. Coddeville; J-M. Lo-Guidice; G. Garçon. Genetic and epigenetic alterations in normal and sensitive COPD-diseased human bronchial epithelial cells repeatedly exposed to air pollution-derived PM 2.5. Environmental Pollution 2017, 230, 163 -177.
AMA StyleB. Leclercq, A. Platel, S. Antherieu, L.Y. Alleman, E.M. Hardy, E. Perdrix, N. Grova, V. Riffault, B.M. Appenzeller, M. Happillon, F. Nesslany, P. Coddeville, J-M. Lo-Guidice, G. Garçon. Genetic and epigenetic alterations in normal and sensitive COPD-diseased human bronchial epithelial cells repeatedly exposed to air pollution-derived PM 2.5. Environmental Pollution. 2017; 230 ():163-177.
Chicago/Turabian StyleB. Leclercq; A. Platel; S. Antherieu; L.Y. Alleman; E.M. Hardy; E. Perdrix; N. Grova; V. Riffault; B.M. Appenzeller; M. Happillon; F. Nesslany; P. Coddeville; J-M. Lo-Guidice; G. Garçon. 2017. "Genetic and epigenetic alterations in normal and sensitive COPD-diseased human bronchial epithelial cells repeatedly exposed to air pollution-derived PM 2.5." Environmental Pollution 230, no. : 163-177.
A gas chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry method dedicated to the analysis of 50 metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) was applied to urine specimens collected from female Long Evans rats under controlled exposure to a mixture of PAHs (at 7 doses ranging from 0.01 to 0.8 mg/kg, by gavage, 3 times per week for 90 days). On four occasions (day 1, 28, 60 and 90), urine samples were collected over a 24 h period. Among these 50 OH-PAHs, 41 were detected in urine samples. Seven additional OH-PAHs were identified for the first time: 1 corresponding to metabolite of pyrene and 3 of anthracene. Strong linear dose versus urinary concentration relationships were observed for 25 of the 41 OH-PAHs detected in rat urine, confirming their suitability for assessing exposure to their respective parent compound. In addition, some isomers (e.g. 1-OH-pyrene, 3-OH-/4-OH-chrysene, 10-OH-benz[a]anthracene, 8-OH-benzo[k]fluoranthene, 11-OH-benzo[b]fluoranthene and 3-OH-benzo[a]pyrene) that were detected starting from the lowest levels of exposure or even in controls were considered particularly relevant biomarkers compared to metabolites only detected at higher levels of exposure. Finally, on the basis of the excretion profiles (on days 1, 28, 60 and 90) and urinary elimination kinetics of each OH-PAH detected at days 1 and 60, this study highlighted the fact that sampling time may influence the measurement of metabolites in urine. Taken together, these results provide interesting information on the suitability of the analysis of OH-PAHs in urine for the assessment of PAH exposure, which could be taken into consideration for the design of epidemiological studies in the future.
N. Grova; F. Faÿs; E.M. Hardy; B.M.R. Appenzeller. New insights into urine-based assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-exposure from a rat model: Identification of relevant metabolites and influence of elimination kinetics. Environmental Pollution 2017, 228, 484 -495.
AMA StyleN. Grova, F. Faÿs, E.M. Hardy, B.M.R. Appenzeller. New insights into urine-based assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-exposure from a rat model: Identification of relevant metabolites and influence of elimination kinetics. Environmental Pollution. 2017; 228 ():484-495.
Chicago/Turabian StyleN. Grova; F. Faÿs; E.M. Hardy; B.M.R. Appenzeller. 2017. "New insights into urine-based assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-exposure from a rat model: Identification of relevant metabolites and influence of elimination kinetics." Environmental Pollution 228, no. : 484-495.
A first gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method was designed for analysis of four tetrahydroxylated benzo[a]pyrene metabolites (benzo[a]pyrene-r-7,t-8,t-9,c-10-tetrahydrotetrol, benzo[a]pyrene-r-7,t-8,t-9,t-10-tetrahydrotetrol, benzo[a]pyrene-r-7,t-8,c-9,c-10-tetrahydrotetrol, and benzo[a]pyrene-r-7,t-8,c-9,t-10-tetrahydrotetrol) in hair. Hair powder extract was submitted to liquid-solid extraction, followed by C18 solid-phase purification. The analytes were derivatized with use of N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide and then analyzed by GC-MS/MS in negative chemical ionization mode. The calibration curve was linear from the limit of quantification (LOQ) to 20 pg/mg in hair. The coefficient of determination of the calibration curve was more than 0.975 for all the analytes investigated. The LOQs ranged from 0.075 to 0.2 pg/mg in hair. The method was afterward applied to the analysis of hair of 16 rats randomly allocated to experimental groups receiving 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons solubilized in oil at 0 or 0.8 mg/kg body weight by oral administration three times per week for 90 days. The analysis of monohydroxylated and dihydroxylated benzo[a]pyrenes was conducted in parallel by GC-MS/MS on the same samples. All tetrahydroxylated benzo[a]pyrene isomers were detected in hair samples collected from rats exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Benzo[a]pyrene-r-7,t-8,t-9,c-10-tetrahydrotetrol, the most abundant isomer in hair of treated rats, was also the principal isomer released in DNA adduct hydrolysis in humans. Moreover, the benzo[a]pyrene-r-7,t-8,t-9,c-10-tetrahydrotetrol concentrations in hair were significantly greater than those of 2-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene, 1-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene, 7-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene, and 4-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene and similar to those of 9-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene and 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene. The method was also sufficiently sensitive to monitor environmental levels of exposure because two hair specimens in the eight analyzed from smokers were above the LOQ for benzo[a]pyrene-r-7,t-8,t-9,c-10-tetrahydrotetrol and benzo[a]pyrene-r-7,t-8,c-9,t-10-tetrahydrotetrol. This study therefore demonstrated that tetrahydroxylated benzo[a]pyrenes in hair might be a useful biomarker for the assessment of both the general population and occupationally exposed workers.
Nathalie Grova; Emilie M. Hardy; Pauline Meyer; Brice M. R. Appenzeller. Analysis of tetrahydroxylated benzo[a]pyrene isomers in hair as biomarkers of exposure to benzo[a]pyrene. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 2016, 408, 1997 -2008.
AMA StyleNathalie Grova, Emilie M. Hardy, Pauline Meyer, Brice M. R. Appenzeller. Analysis of tetrahydroxylated benzo[a]pyrene isomers in hair as biomarkers of exposure to benzo[a]pyrene. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 2016; 408 (8):1997-2008.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNathalie Grova; Emilie M. Hardy; Pauline Meyer; Brice M. R. Appenzeller. 2016. "Analysis of tetrahydroxylated benzo[a]pyrene isomers in hair as biomarkers of exposure to benzo[a]pyrene." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 408, no. 8: 1997-2008.