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Dr. Bingjun Liu
School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China.

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0 Influencing factors
0 Watershed
0 landscape pattern
0 spatiotemporal changes
0 China SE

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spatiotemporal changes
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landscape pattern

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Short Biography

I have been engaged in water resources, ecological hydrology, meteorological hydrology, river-sea dynamics, etc. for decades, and have published more than 30 papers as the first author or corresponding author in various international scientific journals. Currently, I am a reviewer for many high-level international scientific journals such as Journal of Hydrology, Global and Planetary Change, Marine Geology, Ocean Engineering, water resource management, etc. And I have been teaching at Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, China for decades, guiding nearly 60 master and doctoral students to conduct scientific research as a professor.

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Journal article
Published: 01 August 2021 in Water
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This study investigated the strength and limitations of two widely used multi-model averaging frameworks—Bayesian model averaging (BMA) and reliability ensemble averaging (REA), in post-processing runoff projections derived from coupled hydrological models and climate downscaling models. The performance and weight distributions of five model ensembles were thoroughly compared, including simple equal-weight averaging, BMA, and REAs optimizing mean (REA-mean), maximum (REA-max), and minimum (REA-min) monthly runoff. The results suggest that REA and BMA both can synthesize individual models’ diverse skills with comparable reliability, despite of their different averaging strategies and assumptions. While BMA weighs candidate models by their predictive skills in the baseline period, REA also forces the model ensembles to approximate a convergent projection towards the long-term future. The type of incorporation of the uncertain future climate in REA weighting criteria, as well as the differences in parameter estimation (i.e., the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm in BMA and the Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling method in REA), tend to cause larger uncertainty ranges in the weight distributions of REA ensembles. Moreover, our results show that different averaging objectives could cause much larger discrepancy than that induced by different weighting criteria or parameter estimation algorithms. Among the three REA ensembles, REA-max most resembled BMA because the EM algorithm of BMA converges to the minimum aggregated error, and thus emphasize the simulation of high flows. REA-min achieved better performance in terms of inter-annual temporal pattern, yet at the cost of compromising accuracy in capturing mean behaviors. Caution should be taken to strike a balance among runoff features of interest.

ACS Style

Kai Duan; Xiaola Wang; Bingjun Liu; Tongtiegang Zhao; Xiaohong Chen. Comparing Bayesian Model Averaging and Reliability Ensemble Averaging in Post-Processing Runoff Projections under Climate Change. Water 2021, 13, 2124 .

AMA Style

Kai Duan, Xiaola Wang, Bingjun Liu, Tongtiegang Zhao, Xiaohong Chen. Comparing Bayesian Model Averaging and Reliability Ensemble Averaging in Post-Processing Runoff Projections under Climate Change. Water. 2021; 13 (15):2124.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kai Duan; Xiaola Wang; Bingjun Liu; Tongtiegang Zhao; Xiaohong Chen. 2021. "Comparing Bayesian Model Averaging and Reliability Ensemble Averaging in Post-Processing Runoff Projections under Climate Change." Water 13, no. 15: 2124.

Journal article
Published: 18 March 2021 in Remote Sensing
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Analyzing the spatiotemporal characteristics and causes of landscape pattern changes in watersheds around big cities is essential for understanding the ecological consequence of urbanization and provides a basic reference for the watershed management. This study used a land-use transition matrix and landscape indices to explore the spatiotemporal change of land use and landscape pattern over Liuxihe River basin of Guangzhou in the southeast of China from 1980 to 2015 with multitemporal Landsat satellite data in response to the rapid urbanization process. Primary temporal and spatial influencing factors were first quantitatively identified through grey relation analysis (calculating correlation degree between land use changes and influencing factors) and Geodetector (detecting landscape spatial heterogeneity and its driving factors), respectively. Considerable spatial and temporal differences in land use and landscape pattern changes were observed herein, thus determining the influencing factors of these differences in the Liuxihe River basin. These changes were characterized by a large increase in construction land converted from cropland, particularly in the middle and lower reaches of the basin from 2000 to 2010, causing dramatic fragmentation and homogenization of the landscape pattern there. Meanwhile, the landscape pattern gradually transitioned from an agricultural land use dominant landscape to a construction land use dominant landscape in these regions. Furthermore, the rapid growth of a nonagricultural population and the transformation of industry primarily caused the temporal changes of landscape pattern, and the landscape spatial heterogeneity was mainly caused by the interaction of complicated geomorphology and anthropogenic activities in different spatial locations, particularly after 2000. This study not only provides an improved approach to quantifying the main spatiotemporal influencing factors of landscape pattern changes during different time periods, but also offers a reference for decision-makers to formulate optimal strategies on ecological protection and urban sustainable development of different regions in this study area.

ACS Style

Zhenjie Zhu; Bingjun Liu; Hailong Wang; Maochuan Hu. Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Changes in Watershed Landscape Pattern and Its Influencing Factors in Rapidly Urbanizing Areas Using Satellite Data. Remote Sensing 2021, 13, 1168 .

AMA Style

Zhenjie Zhu, Bingjun Liu, Hailong Wang, Maochuan Hu. Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Changes in Watershed Landscape Pattern and Its Influencing Factors in Rapidly Urbanizing Areas Using Satellite Data. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13 (6):1168.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhenjie Zhu; Bingjun Liu; Hailong Wang; Maochuan Hu. 2021. "Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Changes in Watershed Landscape Pattern and Its Influencing Factors in Rapidly Urbanizing Areas Using Satellite Data." Remote Sensing 13, no. 6: 1168.

Journal article
Published: 13 March 2021 in Journal of Hydrology
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Streamflow time series data are fundamental to hydrological science and water management applications, which are commonly derived from stage-discharge rating curves. The rating curves are usually nonstationary due to temporal characteristics of stream channel and human activities such as indiscriminate dig of sediment. This implies the need for an efficient method to estimate nonstationary rating curves from an adequate dataset. This study employed a shifting method to estimate the nonstationary rating curves and the associated uncertainties. The method includes two steps: a coupled algorithm PELT&CROPS was first performed to divide the gauging samples into homogeneous families by detecting the multiple change points in a time series of a residual indicator. Then, the rating curves were calibrated with the BaRatin stationary model using these homogeneous gaugings within each stationary period. The method was applied at Shijiao Hydrological Station in China. We found that: (1) Set the lower and upper limit of parameter CROPS (changepoints for a range of penalties) to 0 and Inf respectively, the whole range of segmentation can be calculated. (2) Parameter Minseglen (minimum segment length) is of great significance to the segmentation result. More changepoints will be detected as the value of Minseglen decreasing. An appropriate Minseglen value should be assigned to find the optimal segmentation. (3) The stage-discharge relationship in the low flow part is more sensitive to the variation of river topography. Ten segmentations are needed to produce an accurate discharge for low flow prediction, while two segmentations for calibration can produce an accurate discharge for high flow prediction. (4) Information redundancy exists in the vast amount of gaugings. The BaRatin model can reduce the use of calibration data by employing stage-discharge function with a precise exponent from the hydraulic knowledge at a hydrological station.

ACS Style

Jiangchao Qiu; Bingjun Liu; Xuan Yu; Zibo Yang. Combining a segmentation procedure and the BaRatin stationary model to estimate nonstationary rating curves and the associated uncertainties. Journal of Hydrology 2021, 597, 126168 .

AMA Style

Jiangchao Qiu, Bingjun Liu, Xuan Yu, Zibo Yang. Combining a segmentation procedure and the BaRatin stationary model to estimate nonstationary rating curves and the associated uncertainties. Journal of Hydrology. 2021; 597 ():126168.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiangchao Qiu; Bingjun Liu; Xuan Yu; Zibo Yang. 2021. "Combining a segmentation procedure and the BaRatin stationary model to estimate nonstationary rating curves and the associated uncertainties." Journal of Hydrology 597, no. : 126168.

Research article
Published: 01 February 2021 in International Journal of Climatology
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This study identifies the variability of large‐scale atmospheric patterns (LSMPs) and atmospheric moisture circulation patterns associated with the variability of daily precipitation over East China using the self‐organizing maps (SOM) method. The spatiotemporal characteristics of the occurrence and intensity of daily precipitation were linked with the variabilities of LSMPs. Results show that the synoptic moisture transport over East China in both dry season and rainy season can be classified into eight patterns, and the occurrence frequency and primary occurring months of the eight patterns are varied. In the dry season, the wetter pattern (the drier pattern) exhibits a significant decreasing (increasing) trend with a slope of −0.23 (0.63)% year−1 at the confidence level of 0.95 during 1979–2018. The LSMPs corresponding to each atmospheric moisture circulation pattern, including the composite mean values of vertically integrated water vapour transport fields, 500 hPa geopotential height (Z500) anomalies and sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) in surrounding oceans, indicate that the primary oceanic moisture source of the dry season is western North Pacific (WNP), while that of the rainy season is WNP and the Indian Ocean. The location and intensity variabilities of subtropical high affect the transport and amount of water vapour along with its western flank to arrive in East China. SSTA has an influential link with the regional circulations and convection activity, and thus plays an important role in affecting water vapour transport.

ACS Style

Bingjun Liu; Shiling Chen; Xuezhi Tan. Large‐scale synoptic atmospheric moisture circulation patterns associated with variability of daily precipitation over East China. International Journal of Climatology 2021, 41, 3439 -3456.

AMA Style

Bingjun Liu, Shiling Chen, Xuezhi Tan. Large‐scale synoptic atmospheric moisture circulation patterns associated with variability of daily precipitation over East China. International Journal of Climatology. 2021; 41 (6):3439-3456.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bingjun Liu; Shiling Chen; Xuezhi Tan. 2021. "Large‐scale synoptic atmospheric moisture circulation patterns associated with variability of daily precipitation over East China." International Journal of Climatology 41, no. 6: 3439-3456.

Original article
Published: 04 January 2021 in Environmental Earth Sciences
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Spatiotemporal changes in characteristics of rainfall events with different duration occurring in the rainy season in Guangzhou, a typical city in South China with high urbanization, were detected using the observed hourly precipitation data. Rainfall changes were further related to urbanization showing in high-resolution land use/land cover data. Results showed that Guangzhou had experienced accelerated urbanization with the fraction of urban land cover increasing from 2.9% in the 1980s to 14.9% in the 2000s. In the context of rapid urbanization, the precipitation amount over the urban center and downwind area were also higher than that over the upwind area during 1984–2016. Rainfall events with a short duration (≤ 6 h) over the urban center and downwind area were more intensive than those over the upwind area. The intensive rainstorms with a short duration tended to occurred more frequently in the afternoon than the early morning. The unimodal rainfall events with a frontal peak were more likely to occur more over the urban center than the upwind area, while the bimodal rainfall events with two peaks in the early and the middle occurred more frequently over the downwind than the urban center and the upwind area.

ACS Style

Bingjun Liu; Shiling Chen; Xuezhi Tan; Xiuhong Chen. Response of precipitation to extensive urbanization over the Pearl River Delta metropolitan region. Environmental Earth Sciences 2021, 80, 1 -17.

AMA Style

Bingjun Liu, Shiling Chen, Xuezhi Tan, Xiuhong Chen. Response of precipitation to extensive urbanization over the Pearl River Delta metropolitan region. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2021; 80 (1):1-17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bingjun Liu; Shiling Chen; Xuezhi Tan; Xiuhong Chen. 2021. "Response of precipitation to extensive urbanization over the Pearl River Delta metropolitan region." Environmental Earth Sciences 80, no. 1: 1-17.

Research article
Published: 24 October 2020 in International Journal of Climatology
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Drought is one of the most destructive types of natural disasters, causing great losses of every aspects worldwide. Using a three‐dimensional (longitude, latitude, and time) clustering method based on gridded 3 month standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index data with a resolution of 0.25° collected for East China between 1960 and 2017, we identified and analysed five characteristics of drought events via the Mann–Kendall (MK) test. The results revealed that this method could capture drought events on the basis of their spatiotemporal characteristics. Drought development processes could be visualized via the spatial expansion of drought patches and the transferring path (reconstructed from the centroids of drought patches observed each month). By applying this identification method to the territory of East China, the occurrence of 174 droughts in the last six decades could be determined; furthermore, their objective existence in the spatiotemporal scale was confirmed by comparing the results with historical records and soil moisture data. The increasing moving speed of the centroids and the non‐repetitive rate of the impacted areas suggests that an increasing number of regions have likely been affected over time by large‐scale drought events. The drought patches associated with all of the events identified in the present study tended to move westward in South China and eastward in southwestern China. The remaining four characteristics (i.e., duration, severity, affected area, and intensity), were used to quantify the degree of drought, along with its development, where significant decreasing trends were found among the first three characteristics. In southwestern China, drought events decreased in frequency, but increased spatially, whereas drought events in southeastern China showed an opposite change. Drought events with a small spatial scale occurred more frequently in coastal regions. The majority of drought events mainly occurred in central and North China and moved northward.

ACS Style

Bingjun Liu; Manlin Liang; Zeqin Huang; Xuezhi Tan. Duration–severity–area characteristics of drought events in eastern China determined using a three‐dimensional clustering method. International Journal of Climatology 2020, 41, 1 .

AMA Style

Bingjun Liu, Manlin Liang, Zeqin Huang, Xuezhi Tan. Duration–severity–area characteristics of drought events in eastern China determined using a three‐dimensional clustering method. International Journal of Climatology. 2020; 41 (S1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bingjun Liu; Manlin Liang; Zeqin Huang; Xuezhi Tan. 2020. "Duration–severity–area characteristics of drought events in eastern China determined using a three‐dimensional clustering method." International Journal of Climatology 41, no. S1: 1.

Journal article
Published: 25 August 2020 in Water Resources Research
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Understanding the impacts of climate change and human activities on hydrological processes, especially the baseflow, is vital for sustainable water resource management. We analyzed the global changes in baseflow and BFI for 2374 global streamflow stations from 1970 to 2016 to examine their associations with precipitation, temperature, terrestrial water storage (TWS), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) representing the vegetation regimes, potential evapotranspiration (PET) and a humidity index‐precipitation/potential evapotranspiration (HI). Results showed that changes in both baseflow and baseflow index (BFI) are significantly region‐dependent in continents, due to spatial differences of changes in climate and vegetation that determines the baseflow generation. Seasonal baseflow changed slightly while seasonal BFI varied greatly, partly due to the shift from snowfall to rainfall, and warming effects on glacial retreat and the timing of snowmelt. The multi‐basin baseflow elasticity analyses show that baseflow (BFI) was highly sensitive to changes in NDVI, precipitation, and temperature (temperature and PET). The multivariate regression analyses show that globally, changes in precipitation and TWS contributed to the majority (64.8% and 20.2%) of changes in baseflow, while changes in HI, PET, and precipitation contributed to the majority (30.3%, 28.9%, and 27.5%) of changes in BFI. The spatially varying interaction between climate, vegetation, and baseflow implies that regional adaptation of water resources utilization to climate change should consider the regional shifts in vegetation. This study quantified the elasticity and relative contribution of changes in geographic factors to changes in baseflow and BFI around the world and could inform practices for sustainable water management.

ACS Style

Xuejin Tan; Bingjun Liu; Xuezhi Tan. Global Changes in Baseflow Under the Impacts of Changing Climate and Vegetation. Water Resources Research 2020, 56, 1 .

AMA Style

Xuejin Tan, Bingjun Liu, Xuezhi Tan. Global Changes in Baseflow Under the Impacts of Changing Climate and Vegetation. Water Resources Research. 2020; 56 (9):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xuejin Tan; Bingjun Liu; Xuezhi Tan. 2020. "Global Changes in Baseflow Under the Impacts of Changing Climate and Vegetation." Water Resources Research 56, no. 9: 1.

Journal article
Published: 31 May 2020 in Journal of Hydrology
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Accurate and reliable predictions of estuarine salinity can lead to more effective water resource management and can alleviate the adverse impacts of saltwater intrusion. Due to the nonlinear and nonstationary features in time series of estuarine salinity, this study is conducted to develop a hybrid model coupling the techniques of wavelet transform (WT) and artificial neural network (ANN) for forecasting estuarine salinity in the Pearl River Estuary, China. Two wavelet-based forecasting frameworks, the direct forecast (DF) framework (i.e., only explanatory variables are decomposed, leading to direct forecasting of the target variables) and multicomponent forecast (MF) framework (i.e., both explanatory and target variables are decomposed, and each target component is forecasted separately), were used to construct the WT-ANN models. The results reveal the superiority of hybrid WT-ANN models in estuarine salinity forecasting over traditional multiple linear regression (MLR) models and single ANN models, indicated by the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), correlation coefficient (R), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE). Between the two wavelet-based forecasting paradigms, the MF framework outperformed the DF framework for better capturing the mutual dependence (i.e., mutual information, MI) between input and output variables. Additionally, the superiority of WT-ANN models in comparison with MLR and ANN models is increasingly prominent when the forecast lead time is extended from 1 to 3 days.

ACS Style

Fanhan Zhou; Bingjun Liu; Kai Duan. Coupling wavelet transform and artificial neural network for forecasting estuarine salinity. Journal of Hydrology 2020, 588, 125127 .

AMA Style

Fanhan Zhou, Bingjun Liu, Kai Duan. Coupling wavelet transform and artificial neural network for forecasting estuarine salinity. Journal of Hydrology. 2020; 588 ():125127.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fanhan Zhou; Bingjun Liu; Kai Duan. 2020. "Coupling wavelet transform and artificial neural network for forecasting estuarine salinity." Journal of Hydrology 588, no. : 125127.

Original paper
Published: 19 August 2019 in Natural Hazards
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Using the observed daily precipitation data across East China, this paper analyzes spatiotemporal changes of annual and seasonal extreme precipitation indices during 1960–2015. Effects of changes in atmospheric circulation on seasonal extremes were also detected by using the singular value decomposition method. Results show that amount of annual, spring and summer extreme precipitation over East China showed a significant increase with a maximum changing rate of 7.2, 3.2 and 5.4 mm decade−1, and the stations with upward tendency mainly located in the southern part of East China. Preceding sea surface temperature of the Indian Ocean and the Equatorial Pacific Ocean shows great influences on spring extreme precipitation over East China through modulating anomalous anticyclones and winds, especially over the downstream of the south of East China. Summer extreme precipitation is statistically significantly correlated with the western North Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) and positive anomalies of 500 hPa geopotential heights. Anomalously strong WPSH combining with two blocking highs in mid-latitude regions tends to trigger more extreme precipitation events in the Yangtze River Basin but less in the Yellow River Basin.

ACS Style

Shiling Chen; Bingjun Liu; Xuezhi Tan; Zeqin Huang. Characteristics and circulation background of extreme precipitation over East China. Natural Hazards 2019, 99, 537 -552.

AMA Style

Shiling Chen, Bingjun Liu, Xuezhi Tan, Zeqin Huang. Characteristics and circulation background of extreme precipitation over East China. Natural Hazards. 2019; 99 (1):537-552.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shiling Chen; Bingjun Liu; Xuezhi Tan; Zeqin Huang. 2019. "Characteristics and circulation background of extreme precipitation over East China." Natural Hazards 99, no. 1: 537-552.

Research article
Published: 25 February 2019 in Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science
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Under the influences of both anthropogenic activities and natural forces, saltwater intrusion has been a main issue in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), China, in recent decades. Using long-term observation data for river channel bathymetry, hydrology, hydraulics, and meteorology, the causes and effects of the increasingly severe saltwater intrusion were investigated in this study. The worsening saltwater intrusion is characterized by an increase in salinity, prolonged and seasonally advanced duration with salinity exceeding the national standard, the extension of saltwater intrusion length and the highly stratified salinity, which can be attributed to uneven sand dredging, rising tides and changes of wind directions. Uneven sand dredging indirectly reduced the dilution capacity on the saltwater and made it difficult to discharge the saltwater. Rising tides and northeasterly migration of wind can strengthen the tidal dynamics and push saltwater further upstream. This study aims to draw attention to the issues of saltwater intrusion and offer information for the sustainable utilization of water resources for the estuaries around the world.

ACS Style

Bingjun Liu; Sihan Peng; Yeying Liao; Hailong Wang. The characteristics and causes of increasingly severe saltwater intrusion in Pearl River Estuary. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 2019, 220, 54 -63.

AMA Style

Bingjun Liu, Sihan Peng, Yeying Liao, Hailong Wang. The characteristics and causes of increasingly severe saltwater intrusion in Pearl River Estuary. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 2019; 220 ():54-63.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bingjun Liu; Sihan Peng; Yeying Liao; Hailong Wang. 2019. "The characteristics and causes of increasingly severe saltwater intrusion in Pearl River Estuary." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 220, no. : 54-63.

Journal article
Published: 23 January 2019 in Environmental Modelling & Software
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Floods introduced by rainfall events are responsible for tremendous economic and property losses. It is important to delineate flood prone areas to minimize flood damages and make mitigation plans. Recently, there has been recognition of the need to understand the risk from groundwater flooding caused by the emergence of groundwater at the ground surface. Mapping groundwater flood risk is more challenging compared to river flooding, especially in karst systems, where subsurface preferential flowpaths can affect groundwater flow. We developed a coupled surface-subsurface modelling framework resolving spatial information and hydrologic data to assess the groundwater flood risk at a karstic watershed: Koiliaris River Basin, Greece. The simulated groundwater table was used to delineate groundwater flooding. Modelled results revealed the role of faults in groundwater flooding generation. We anticipate the coupled surface-subsurface approach to be a starting point for more sophisticated flooding risk assessment, including magnitude and temporal duration of groundwater flooding.

ACS Style

Xuan Yu; Daniel Moraetis; Nikolaos P. Nikolaidis; Bailing Li; Christopher Duffy; Bingjun Liu. A coupled surface-subsurface hydrologic model to assess groundwater flood risk spatially and temporally. Environmental Modelling & Software 2019, 114, 129 -139.

AMA Style

Xuan Yu, Daniel Moraetis, Nikolaos P. Nikolaidis, Bailing Li, Christopher Duffy, Bingjun Liu. A coupled surface-subsurface hydrologic model to assess groundwater flood risk spatially and temporally. Environmental Modelling & Software. 2019; 114 ():129-139.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xuan Yu; Daniel Moraetis; Nikolaos P. Nikolaidis; Bailing Li; Christopher Duffy; Bingjun Liu. 2019. "A coupled surface-subsurface hydrologic model to assess groundwater flood risk spatially and temporally." Environmental Modelling & Software 114, no. : 129-139.

Research article
Published: 30 October 2018 in International Journal of Climatology
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ACS Style

Bingjun Liu; Zeqin Huang; Xiuhong Chen; Zhaoli Wang. Effects of large-scale climate anomalies on crop reference evapotranspiration in the main grain-production area of China. International Journal of Climatology 2018, 39, 1195 -1212.

AMA Style

Bingjun Liu, Zeqin Huang, Xiuhong Chen, Zhaoli Wang. Effects of large-scale climate anomalies on crop reference evapotranspiration in the main grain-production area of China. International Journal of Climatology. 2018; 39 (3):1195-1212.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bingjun Liu; Zeqin Huang; Xiuhong Chen; Zhaoli Wang. 2018. "Effects of large-scale climate anomalies on crop reference evapotranspiration in the main grain-production area of China." International Journal of Climatology 39, no. 3: 1195-1212.

Journal article
Published: 27 December 2017 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Owing to its combination of superior natural conditions and abundant resources, the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China, is densely populated, with concentrated industry and rapid development. The PRD is also one of the most threatened estuaries in the world, as it has been exposed to an increasing series of crises related to water resources. Water conflict, water pollution, and saltwater intrusion have all increased dramatically in the past few decades, which pose a threat to regional water security and impose constraints on regional development. The goal of this paper is to analyze the causes and impacts of some of the water resource crises faced by estuaries under dramatically changing environments, based on studies in the PRD. The PRD is centered around the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) and is the second most economically active district in China. Rapid economic development and a population boom have resulted in an average annual growth rate of 1.43% in water resource demand, which has further accelerated water pollution by a substantial growth in sewage discharge. Water pollution results in the impairment of the ecological functions of the water, and the standard rate of water function areas in the PRD remains under 50%. Large-scale and uneven sand excavations not only decreased the river discharge from upstream but also allowed more tidal prisms to enter, which triggered severe saltwater intrusion. Meanwhile, sea-level rise and changing wind patterns also contribute to increasingly severe saltwater intrusion, which was characterized by gradual increases in salinity, as well as more prolonged periods of higher salinity that exceeds acceptable thresholds occurring earlier in the year. This study is intended to bring attention to these challenging issues and provide some of the information needed to advance research into sustainability assessment of the water resources.

ACS Style

Bingjun Liu; Sihan Peng; Yeying Liao; Weili Long. The causes and impacts of water resources crises in the Pearl River Delta. Journal of Cleaner Production 2017, 177, 413 -425.

AMA Style

Bingjun Liu, Sihan Peng, Yeying Liao, Weili Long. The causes and impacts of water resources crises in the Pearl River Delta. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2017; 177 ():413-425.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bingjun Liu; Sihan Peng; Yeying Liao; Weili Long. 2017. "The causes and impacts of water resources crises in the Pearl River Delta." Journal of Cleaner Production 177, no. : 413-425.

Original paper
Published: 31 July 2017 in Natural Hazards
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River discharge, tide, wind, topography and other factors all have great impacts on the saltwater intrusion of Modaomen Waterway (MW), a major outlet of the Pearl River Estuary. A coupled 1D–3D numerical model was applied in this study to account for the dynamic characteristics of saltwater intrusion in the MW, and the impacts of tide and river discharge on the length of saltwater intrusion were uncovered. Results are as the followings: (1) River discharge from upstream induces an obvious dilution of salinity along the MW, whereas tide can exert a positive force that pushes salt water landward. The effects of river discharge and tide on the length of saltwater intrusion can be well described by a regression function; (2) the saltwater intrusion along the MW is generally aggravated by increases in tidal range from the South China Sea. The length of saltwater intrusion usually reaches a maximum 2 or 3 days before spring tide, and the hourly length of saltwater intrusion along the MW usually slows the tidal process for approximately 4 h, which can provide important information that the pumping operation along the MW to store freshwater in the backup storages needs to be at least 3 days ahead of the spring tide so as to avoid serious impact from saltwater intrusion; (3) the length of saltwater intrusion generally decreases with increasing river discharge. In 2005, 2009 and 2010, the average river discharge from upstream was 2680, 2630 and 3160 m3/s, respectively, with corresponding average lengths of saltwater intrusion of 32.7, 42.3 and 21.4 km. The inverse correlation between the water flow and the length of saltwater intrusion may provide some guidance for operations to maintain enough upstream flow to dilute the salinity and therefore satisfy the domestic water supply.

ACS Style

Bingjun Liu; Yeying Liao; Shulan Yan; Hengheng Yan. Dynamic characteristics of saltwater intrusion in the Pearl River Estuary, China. Natural Hazards 2017, 89, 1097 -1117.

AMA Style

Bingjun Liu, Yeying Liao, Shulan Yan, Hengheng Yan. Dynamic characteristics of saltwater intrusion in the Pearl River Estuary, China. Natural Hazards. 2017; 89 (3):1097-1117.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bingjun Liu; Yeying Liao; Shulan Yan; Hengheng Yan. 2017. "Dynamic characteristics of saltwater intrusion in the Pearl River Estuary, China." Natural Hazards 89, no. 3: 1097-1117.

Journal article
Published: 14 January 2015 in Theoretical and Applied Climatology
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The change structures of precipitation and precipitation intensity and rainy days are analyzed for the Pearl River Basin (from 1959 to 2009) on the basis of a suite of 24 climatic indices derived from daily precipitation data at 62 meteorological stations with the help of the Mann–Kendall test. Contributions of seasonal precipitation and precipitation intensity class to the annual precipitation are also examined using the inverse distance weighted method. The following four conclusions can be drawn: (1) although the average annual precipitation of the entire basin does not show obvious variation, the number of annual rainy days has decreased significantly in 98.3 % of the stations. These two factors result in an obvious increase in precipitation intensity at 64.5 % of the stations. (2) No clear change trend has been found for seasonal precipitation over the entire area; however, the number of rainy days in each season has decreased significantly. In particular, the number of rainy days in the entire year and in the fall season has decreased in 98.3 and 100 % of the stations, respectively. (3) Although the number of rainy days in drizzle has decreased in 83.9 % of the stations, the number of rainy days where heavy rain and extremely heavy rain occurred increased in nearly 75.8 and 82.3 % of the stations, respectively. (4) The number of rainy days in fall and winter contributes more to the change in the number of annual rainy days than the number of rainy days in spring and summer. Heavy rain and extremely heavy rain contribute more to the change in total annual precipitation than drizzle; however, they contribute less to the change in the number of annual rainy days than drizzle. The findings in this study can provide important information for formulating water resource and eco-environment management strategies in the Pearl River Basin to policymakers and stakeholders.

ACS Style

Bingjun Liu; Junfan Chen; Wenxiu Lu; Xiaohong Chen; Yanqing Lian. Spatiotemporal characteristics of precipitation changes in the Pearl River Basin, China. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 2015, 123, 537 -550.

AMA Style

Bingjun Liu, Junfan Chen, Wenxiu Lu, Xiaohong Chen, Yanqing Lian. Spatiotemporal characteristics of precipitation changes in the Pearl River Basin, China. Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 2015; 123 (3-4):537-550.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bingjun Liu; Junfan Chen; Wenxiu Lu; Xiaohong Chen; Yanqing Lian. 2015. "Spatiotemporal characteristics of precipitation changes in the Pearl River Basin, China." Theoretical and Applied Climatology 123, no. 3-4: 537-550.