In the past decade, water scarcity has become major concern and is going to be reality in future too. At the same time textile is necessity which needs a billion liters of fresh water for its processing. Out of this 16 % of water is only used for dyeing of textile materials. In a quest to develop a sustainable approach to reduce water scarcity, an attempt has been made to minimize water consumption in textile wet processing. In this work, an eco-friendly glycerine based eutectic solvent (GES) was prepared by using choline chloride, urea and glycerin to reduce water consumption in polyester dyeing. The prepared solvent was characterized in terms of FTIR. Dyeing parameters like time, temperature and pH were optimized for dyeing of polyester using GES as a dyeing medium. The efficacy of dyeing was analyzed by colour strength and colour performance properties; sublimation, wash and light fastness. In comparison with conventional dyed polyester overall dyeing performance was found to be better without affecting tensile strength of polyester which remains almost same whereas thermal stability of solvent dyed polyester was slightly improved compared with aqueous dyed polyester. The results obtained from this study suggest that the GES as a polyester dyeing medium can be a green approach in dyeing of polyester.

Various azo compounds (Modified dyes) have been synthesised by chemical modification of areca nut extract (epicatechin), a plant-based Polyphenolic compound to get semi-synthetic dyes. Three different primary amines namely p- nitro aniline, p-anisidine and aniline, were diazotized to form their corresponding diazonium salts which were further coupled with an areca nut extract. Preliminary characterization of the areca nut extract and the resultant azo compounds (Modified dyes) was carried out in terms of melting point, solubility tests, thin layer chromatography, UV–Visible and FTIR spectroscopy. These modified dyes were further applied on polyester and nylon fabrics and % dye exhaustion was evaluated. Dyed fabrics were further tested for their fastness properties such as wash fastness, rubbing fastness, light fastness and sublimation fastness. The results of the fastness tests indicate that, all the three modified dyes have good dyeability for polyester and nylon fabrics. The dyed fabrics were also tested for ultraviolet protection factor which showed very good ultraviolet protection.