Understanding of Active and Passive Constructions in 7- to 10-Year-Old Russian-Speaking Children: Reliance on Inflections or Word Order. Established in 2008, the Russian Psychological Society's Journal «Psychology in Russia: State of the Art» publishes original articles.

The present study was aimed at the assessment of effects of anxiolytic Selank and nootropic Semax on the whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity (FC) of each of the predefined regions of interest (ROIs) in 52 healthy participants. The ROIs included amygdala (one of the key regions for the regulation of anxiety) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC; the key region for executive functions, including working memory) in the right and left hemisphere. Resting-state fMRI was carried out three times, namely before, after 5 and 20 min of the injection of either Semax, or Selank, or placebo. Between-group alongwith between-condition differences were revealed in FC between the right amygdala and a region in fusiform, inferior and middle temporal as well as parahippocampal gyri in the right hemisphere. Post hoc analysis allowed us to define both general and specific effects of Selank and Semax on FC between the right amygdala and the right temporal cortex for the first time.

Presurgical brain mapping of language-eloquent cortex aims to minimize its injury during neurosurgery in patients with brain tumors and drug-resistant epilepsy, and thereby, to preserve their quality of life. Two main goals of language mapping are to identify the localization and lateralization of brain regions involved in language. Gold standards for them are the intraoperative mapping and Wada test, respectively; however, due to some limitations of these techniques, non-invasive preliminary language mapping becomes reasonable. During the last years, fMRI has been widely applied for such purposes. Our literature review focuses on innovations and actual tendencies which spread in the field of language mapping via fMRI in the last decade. State-of-the-art knowledge on brain organization of language, which underpins brain mapping of language processing via fMRI, is briefly described in the article. Contemporary studies of fMRI validity in localization and lateralization of language brain regions are considered. Strategies of presurgical language mapping, such as application of tractography in addition to fMRI, combined analysis of fMRI tasks as well as resting-state fMRI are also discussed. Well-established fMRI tasks for brain mapping of language production and comprehension, as well as new experimental developments in this field, are listed and described.