The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between renewable energy sources and economic growth of the South Asian Association for regional cooperation (SAARC) countries. This study uses three main renewable energy sources, namely geothermal, hydro, and wind.This study collects data set from SAARC countries from 1995 to 2018 and applies a fixed effect test and panel vector error correction model (PVECM) for data analysis. The overall results show that all three renewable energy sources have a positive significant impact on economic development among SAARC countries’ economies. Moreover, hydropower renewable energy has more effects and influences on economic growth as compared to the other two individual sources of renewable energy.

Tourism has become one of the most important sectors in many countries, significantly contributing to their economic growth and development. However, the expansion of tourism has also brought about various environmental and social challenges. The relationship between tourism, economic growth, trade openness, and the environment is diverse and complex. The objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the international tourism development index, GDP per capita, CO₂ emissions, trade openness index as well as the energy intensity index in EU 27, over the 1995–2019 period. A composite index for international tourism was developed using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Panel Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach is used to reveal the long- and short-run impact of GDP per capita, CO₂ emissions, trade openness index as well as the energy intensity index on the tourism development index. Panel ARDL estimates confirm some of our research hypotheses: at the level of EU countries, there is a short-run relationship between tourism and GDP per capita, but only in a few EU countries, trade openness influences tourism development index. Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality test confirms long-run feedback relationship between tourism development index and trade openness, between tourism development index and CO₂ emissions, and between tourism development index and GDP and unilateral causality running from tourism development index towards energy efficiency.

The positive impact of the tourism industry on economic growth, revenues, infrastructure, employment, social inclusion and poverty reduction, although widely recognised, has been lately weighted against the appearance and exacerbation of several problems, such as: environmental footprint, increase of income inequality, cost increases related to solid waste collection, energy consumption, increased global CO2 emissions. On the other hand, the tourism sector is not just an active economic, societal, or environmental change agent; in turn, the tourism sector supports or is highly influenced by various factors, such as climate change, economic, political, or social factors. More recently, this industry has been highly impacted by the pandemic, technological developments and cultural trends. In this article we examined both the short and long-run relationship between tourism development and economic growth, CO2 emissions and energy consumption in European Union member states (EU27), by using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model for panel data. The findings suggest that economic growth and energy consumption have a statistically significant impact on the tourism index both in the short and long-run, whereas CO2 emissions only have a significant impact upon the tourism index on the long run.

The main objective of the study is to identify and qualitatively investigate the links between the universe of accounting options, managerial decisions, creative accounting and irrational behaviour. We have recognised five different aspects affecting human decisions and which are likely to influence the behaviour of a future professional accountant or a manager. Masters students in accounting from three significant Romanian universities were questioned about their perception regarding creative accounting and were investigated about their personality traits. The results of our experimental study have shown that, according to the M.A. students in accounting, the risk aversion of individuals influences the expressions of the creative accounting phenomenon, but it is not correlated with the interest pursued by the managers in choosing accounting policies. Also, in their perception, the act of managerial decision-making in accounting is not influenced by the individual capacities of the decision-maker to take decisions. Respondents believe that the disposition effect is correlated with the choice of accounting policy to maximise or minimise the company’s income and that there is a link between the financial incentives granted by the managers to the accounting professionals in order to beautify the financial statements and the creative accounting practices.

This study investigatesthe relationship between the energy taxes from Romanian and several explanatory variables related to economic growth, carbon dioxide emissions, renewable and non-renewable energyin the country. After reviewing the main relevant aspects and contributions related to the relation between thesevariables, we launched and tested three hypotheses related to the possible causal relationship between energy taxes, gross domestic product (GDP), carbon dioxide emissions (CO2), renewable energy typesand non-renewable energy by using the Johansen cointegration test and Granger causality. The Granger causality test yields evidence of a long-run Granger causality running from: GDP to energy taxes, CO2to energy taxes, renewable energy typesto energy taxes, respectively from energy taxes to CO2, renewable and non-renewable energy types. Regarding the evidence of a short-run unidirectional causal relationship between variables, there is one fromCO2and non-renewable to energy taxes, respectively from energy taxesto renewable energy types.