This study focused on the out-of-plane beam behavior and the reduction caused by changes in the longitudinal axis and the out-of-plane span length in addition to the effect of adding torsion reinforcement. Five RC beams (150*200*2000) mm with constant cross section and reinforcement (except two with additional torsion reinforcement) were cast and tested under two points of monotonic load. The results showed that the existence of the out-of-plane part reduced the ultimate load by (80%), and the two out-of-plane span lengths (150mm and 300 mm) were different in behavior, that the outof-plane span (300 mm) behaved as under pure torsion while the (150 mm) behaved like under flexural and torsion loads. The worst case was for the beam with an out-of-plane part (150 mm), and the effect of adding torsion reinforcement enhanced the ultimate load by (80%) for the beam with an out-of-plane part (300 mm) whilst by (5%) for the beam with out-of-plane part (150mm).

The increase in world population has led to a significant increase in the numbers of cars and used tyres. These tyres must be disposed of on an ongoing basis as a result of their consumption or deterioration. This can result in negative effects on the environment that must be preserved, especially from those materials, i.e., these waste materials are difficult to dispose of without special treatments. Hence, extensive experimental investigations and numerical simulations need to be conducted to use and recycle these wastes by exploring the possibility of using them as alternative ingredients in construction materials. For example, waste rubber pieces can be used as one of the main components of concrete. In this study, the main aim was to numerically simulate the flexural behaviours of rubberised concrete under the influence of an applied vertical loading with different contents of added rubbers by using the commercial finite element software ANSYS. The obtained numerical results were compared with the experimental results of a previous study and showed a good agreement with the deflections and moduli of rupture, with the variances from 2–7% in the deflections. However, the differences in the moduli of rupture varied between 5% and 9%. Finally, the statistical analyses indicated that these numerical mean values and standard deviations were acceptable and were very close to the experimental values.

Ultimate Load of Different Types of Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete Columns Attacked by Sulphate

Strengthening by using FRP is widely technic of strengthening used now, forasmuch the improvement in the strengths and the ductility of reinforcing concrete bea Strengthening by using FRP is widely technic of strengthening used now, forasmuch the improvement in the strengths and the ductility of reinforcing concrete bea

Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) is recognized as a class of ultra-high-performance concrete characterized by a dense microstructure, very low porosity, and superior mechanical properties. Among the key parameters affecting its performance, the curing regime plays a fundamental role in controlling hydration kinetics and strength development. This study experimentally investigates the influence of different thermal curing regimes on the mechanical performance of RPC. Four curing conditions were considered: conventional water curing at 25°C, hot-water curing at 60°C, hot-water curing at 90°C, and steam curing. Standard specimens were tested to determine compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and modulus of rupture at 7, 28, 56, and 90 days. The experimental results revealed that thermal curing significantly enhances the mechanical properties of RPC compared with conventional curing. Hot-water curing at 60 °C increased compressive strength by approximately 23.4%, 19.4%, 14.9%, and 14.5% at 7, 28, 56, and 90 days, respectively. Similarly, splitting tensile strength improved by about 44–50%, while flexural strength increased by up to 55% compared with the reference mixture. Steam curing achieved the highest compressive strength, reaching 98.2 MPa at 90 days, representing an improvement of approximately 20.8% over normal curing. Although curing at 90°C accelerated early-age strength development, its long-term improvements were lower than those obtained at 60°C, indicating that excessively high temperatures may not provide optimal mechanical efficiency. Overall, the results demonstrate that controlled, moderate thermal curing at approximately 60°C yields the most balanced improvement in RPC mechanical performance, whereas steam curing achieves the highest ultimate compressive strength. The findings highlight the importance of selecting an appropriate curing strategy to optimize the structural performance and efficiency of RPC in advanced concrete applications.