The consumption of sweet beverages, including sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), artificial-sweetened beverages (ASB) and fruit juices (FJ), is associated with the risk of different cardiometabolic diseases. It may also be linked to the development of certain types of tumors. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies aimed at examining the association between sweet beverage intake and cancer risk. Suitable articles published up to June 2020 were sourced through PubMed, Web of Science and SCOPUS databases. Overall, 64 studies were identified, of which 27 were selected for the meta-analysis. This was performed by analyzing the multivariable-adjusted OR, RR or HR of the highest sweet beverage intake categories compared to the lowest one. Random effects showed significant positive association between SSB intake and breast (RR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01–1.30) and prostate cancer risk (RR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.10–1.27) and also between FJs and prostate cancer risk (RR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.05). Although the statistically significant threshold was not reached, there tended to be positive associations for the following: SSBs and colorectal and pancreatic cancer risk; FJs and breast, colorectal and pancreatic cancer risk; and ASBs and pancreatic cancer risk. This study recommends limiting sweet beverage consumption. Furthermore, we propose to establish a homogeneous classification of beverages and investigate them separately, to better understand their role in carcinogenesis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations among the intake of total polyphenols, polyphenol classes, and polyphenol subclasses and body weight change over 5 years.Methods: A total of 349,165 men and women aged 25 to 70 years were recruited in the Physical Activity, Nutrition, Alcohol, Cessation of Smoking, Eating Out of Home and Obesity (PANACEA) project of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort from nine European countries. Body weight was measured at baseline and at follow‐up after a median time of 5 years. Polyphenol intake, including four main polyphenol classes and eighteen subclasses, was estimated using validated dietary questionnaires and Phenol‐Explorer. Multilevel mixed linear regression models were used to estimate the associations.Results: Participants gained, on average, 2.6 kg (±5.0 kg) over 5 years. Total flavonoids intake was inversely associated with body weight change (−0.195 kg/5 years, 95% CI: −0.262 to −0.128). However, the intake of total polyphenols (0.205 kg/5 years, 95% CI: 0.138 to 0.272) and intake of hydroxycinnamic acids (0.324 kg/5 years, 95% CI: 0.267 to 0.381) were positively associated with body weight gain. In analyses stratified by coffee consumption, hydroxycinnamic acid intake was positively associated with body weight gain in coffee consumers (0.379 kg/5 years, 95% CI: 0.319 to 0.440), but not in coffee nonconsumers (−0.179 kg/5 years, 95% CI: −0.490 to 0.133).Conclusions: Higher intakes of flavonoids and their subclasses are inversely associated with a modest body weight change. Results regarding hydroxycinnamic acids in coffee consumers require further investigation.

Nutrition education resources are of interest for cancer patients and survivors throughout the cancer continuum. We examined the web-based nutrition information in Spanish for cancer patients and survivors provided by national cancer organizations (NCOs). The Guide to Internet Resources for Cancer and the membership list of the Union for International Cancer Control were searched to identify the NCOs. The International Patients Decisions Aid Standards (IPDAS) was used to describe the quality of the available information. We identified 20 NCOs that provided nutrition information aimed at a general audience on their websites. Web-based resources of nine NCOs were selected for presentation in this review. Website scores ranged between 20 and 24 in the IPDAS scale (maximum score = 31). The selected NCOs offered reliable and safe information. Healthy eating information for cancer patients and management of side-effects was provided by all websites. Information was more limited for cancer survivors. We recommend that NCOs increase the possibilities for personalized recommendations and interaction with the content by including instrumental tools on their websites.

Aims: We described the age-specific trajectories of total alcohol consumption and the consumption of different types of beverages among adult Norwegian women as they age, and how these relate to education, lifestyle, and health-related factors. Methods: This study included 76 382 women aged 31–70 years who participated in at least two of the three Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) study surveys conducted in 1991–97, 1998–2003, and 2004–11. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify the trajectories of self-reported alcohol consumption. Multinomial regression models were used to fit the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of the associations between education, lifestyle, health-related factors, and the trajectory membership. Analysis was stratified into two subcohorts: women aged 31–49 years and women aged 50–70 years at enrolment. Results: Five different trajectories of total alcohol consumption were identified among the two subcohorts: non-drinker stable (12.5%–23.6%), low stable (66.3%–60.1%), light increasing or light unstable (17.8%–12.1%), moderate to high or light to high (2.8%–2.7%), and high to moderate or moderate decreasing (.6%–1.4%). Trajectories were resembled by those of wine consumption. Compared to low stable drinkers, women who sustained or increased their total alcohol consumption showed higher ORs for higher education level, excellent self-rated health, former or current smoking status, and a body mass index (BMI) below 25 kg/m2. Conclusion: While most women in this study maintained stable low-light levels of alcohol consumption, certain groups—such as women with higher education and better health—were more likely to increase their drinking with age. Women can particularly increase their drinking around the retirement age. The increasing trends of total alcohol consumption were reflected by those of wine. These findings provide information into groups and beverages that could be targeted in alcohol-reducing interventions.

We applied target trial emulation and the parametric g-formula to evaluate the effects of sustained alcohol consumption on 23-year mortality. Healthy women aged ≥35 years from the Norwegian Women and Health Study who completed questionnaires in 1998-2003 were eligible for the emulated trials (A and B). Trial B included only women reporting moderate alcohol consumption before baseline. In total, 57 964 and 14 393 women met the eligibility criteria for trials A and B, respectively. The observed 23-year all-cause mortality risk was 6.97%. In trial A, 23-year mortality risk differences (RDs) vs no intervention were 0.29% (95% CI, 0.02%, 0.58%) for no alcohol consumption, 0.12% (95% CI, 0.07%, 0.20%) for low consumption (>0 to 2 drinks/week), and −0.44% (95% CI, −0.66%, −0.25%) for moderate consumption (>2 to 7 drinks/week). The lower mortality associated with moderate drinking was observed only among women aged ≥50 years. In trial B, the 23-year mortality RD of reducing to low/no consumption (≤2 drinks/week) vs maintaining moderate consumption was 1.07% (95% CI, 0.10%, 1.66%). The results suggest a slight decrease in mortality from moderate alcohol consumption, particularly among women aged ≥50 years. In addition, the results suggest slightly increased mortality when reducing alcohol consumption from moderate levels.