Climate change and the transition to sustainable development have heightened the global focus on carbon markets and green finance as critical tools for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Understanding the factors driving carbon market volatility has become increasingly important as countries strive to meet climate goals. In this connection, our study investigates the interplay between green finance and carbon market volatility in China. For this purpose, we use monthly data from January 2015 to April 2023. The findings reveal that policy uncertainty significantly influences carbon market volatility, with a positive short-term relationship indicating that heightened policy uncertainty drives carbon market volatility upward due to increased market volatility. Conversely, issuing green finance-related certificates dampens carbon market volatility, suggesting that enhanced green finance reduces the demand for carbon allowances. This study underscores the critical role of stable economic policies and robust green finance initiatives in mitigating carbon market volatility, providing valuable insights for policymakers aiming to foster resilient and sustainable carbon markets.

The efficient planning, execution, and management of institutional frameworks for climate change adaptation are essential to sustainable development. India, in particular, is known to be disproportionately vulnerable to the consequences of climate change. This study examines the effects of environmental taxes, corruption, urbanization, economic growth, ecological risks, and renewable energy sources on CO₂ emissions in India from 1978 to 2018. Therefore, the ARDL model is used to draw inferences, and Pairwise Granger causality is also applied to demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship. The empirical results show that corruption, environmental dangers, GDP, and urbanization positively influence India’s carbon emissions. However, the results of short-run elasticities show that carbon emissions reduce ecological sustainability. Environmental hazards and costs, like other countries, impact India’s carbon emissions. Therefore, decision-makers in India should set up strict environmental regulations and anti-corruption measures to combat unfair practice that distorts competition laws and policies. In addition, the government concentrates more on energy efficiency policies that diminish carbon emissions without hampering economic growth in the country.

This research is an inquiry of Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies (COBIT) as a high-level governance and control framework which was proposed by ITGI by providing incite and statistical evidence investigating whether ITGI pillars can be accounted for the same IT governance dimension. The data were collected via a questionnaire distributed to 40 private organizations in the Middle East, comprising a sample size of 179 respondents of strategic- and tactical-level managers. To investigate the research questions, the researchers apply an exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses using EQS 6.3 and SPSS 21. The findings of the research indicate that there is an awareness of the nature of the relationship that IT governance has with its various factors as suggested by the COBIT framework: business/IT alignment, IT value delivery, IT resource management, IT risk management and IT performance. The findings also revealed that “IT risk management” is the leading indicator in explaining the IT governance application behavior. The validated model of ITGOV shows that “IT business alignment” has the least significant impact on the study sample. The overall results illustrate the needs and the imperatives of the model factors in achieving a better understanding of the characteristic value of the ITGOV applications using the COBIT framework as suggested by ITGI.