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Rajesh Jeewon
Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius

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Short Biography

Prof. Rajesh Jeewon is now working at the University of Mauritius. He studies taxonomy and phylogeny of microfungi.

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Journal article
Published: 30 August 2021 in Journal of Fungi
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Pleurotheciales is the largest order in Savoryellomycetidae with a large proportion of species known from freshwater habitats. In order to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of taxa within Pleurotheciales and contribute to their diversity, submerged wood was collected from freshwater habitats in China (Yunnan Province) and Thailand. Two dematiaceous, sporodochial hyphomycetes and one annulatascales-like ascomycete with unusual morphology as compared to extant ones were discovered. They were subjected to DNA-based phylogenetic analyses and the results revealed three distinct lineages in Savoryellomycetidae. This morpho-phylo taxonomic study supports the establishment of five novel taxa including two novel genera, Obliquifusoideum and Saprodesmium, and three novel species, Coleodictyospora muriformis, Obliquifusoideum guttulatum and Saprodesmium dematiosporum. Coleodictyospora muriformis and S. dematiosporum are placed in Pleurotheciales, while O. guttulatum is referred to Savoryellomycetidae genera incertae sedis. The phylogenetic relationships are also presented for Coleodictyospora and Pseudocoleodictyospora, which raises an intriguing taxonomic issue. These two genera are positioned in two different classes, viz Sordariomycetes and Dothideomycetes, although they are quite similar except for the presence of a conidial sheath. This study expands our knowledge of the fungal diversity of freshwater fungi, and also indicates that Pleurotheciales species are mostly found in freshwater habitats.

ACS Style

Wei Dong; Rajesh Jeewon; Kevin D. Hyde; Er-Fu Yang; Huang Zhang; Xiandong Yu; Gennuo Wang; Nakarin Suwannarach; Mingkwan Doilom; Zhangyong Dong. Five Novel Taxa from Freshwater Habitats and New Taxonomic Insights of Pleurotheciales and Savoryellomycetidae. Journal of Fungi 2021, 7, 711 .

AMA Style

Wei Dong, Rajesh Jeewon, Kevin D. Hyde, Er-Fu Yang, Huang Zhang, Xiandong Yu, Gennuo Wang, Nakarin Suwannarach, Mingkwan Doilom, Zhangyong Dong. Five Novel Taxa from Freshwater Habitats and New Taxonomic Insights of Pleurotheciales and Savoryellomycetidae. Journal of Fungi. 2021; 7 (9):711.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei Dong; Rajesh Jeewon; Kevin D. Hyde; Er-Fu Yang; Huang Zhang; Xiandong Yu; Gennuo Wang; Nakarin Suwannarach; Mingkwan Doilom; Zhangyong Dong. 2021. "Five Novel Taxa from Freshwater Habitats and New Taxonomic Insights of Pleurotheciales and Savoryellomycetidae." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 9: 711.

Journal article
Published: 18 August 2021 in Journal of Fungi
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Freshwater hyphomycetes are a highly diverse group of fungi with a worldwide distribution and have been mostly reported from tropical and subtropical regions. During investigations of freshwater fungi from the Greater Mekong subregion in China and Thailand, sixteen freshwater hyphomycetes (three of them belong to the class Dothideomycetes while thirteen belong to the class Sordariomycetes) were collected. Based on morphology and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses, Neospadicoides thailandica, Pseudodactylaria aquatica, Sporidesmium nujiangense, Tetraploa thailandica, Vamsapriyaaquatica and Wongia fusiformis are described as new species; Aquapteridospora bambusinum is proposed as a new combination; Acrodictys liputii, Chloridium gonytrichii, Pseudoberkleasmium chiangmaiense, Pleomonodictys capensis, Sporidesmium aturbinatum and Vamsapriya indica are reported as new country records; and Sporidesmium tropicale, Sporoschisma chiangraiense and Sporoschisma longicatenatum are introduced as three new collections. In addition, a checklist of freshwater fungi from China over the last five years is also provided.

ACS Style

Dan-Feng Bao; Kevin D. Hyde; Eric H. C. McKenzie; Rajesh Jeewon; Hong-Yan Su; Sarunya Nalumpang; Zong-Long Luo. Biodiversity of Lignicolous Freshwater Hyphomycetes from China and Thailand and Description of Sixteen Species. Journal of Fungi 2021, 7, 669 .

AMA Style

Dan-Feng Bao, Kevin D. Hyde, Eric H. C. McKenzie, Rajesh Jeewon, Hong-Yan Su, Sarunya Nalumpang, Zong-Long Luo. Biodiversity of Lignicolous Freshwater Hyphomycetes from China and Thailand and Description of Sixteen Species. Journal of Fungi. 2021; 7 (8):669.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dan-Feng Bao; Kevin D. Hyde; Eric H. C. McKenzie; Rajesh Jeewon; Hong-Yan Su; Sarunya Nalumpang; Zong-Long Luo. 2021. "Biodiversity of Lignicolous Freshwater Hyphomycetes from China and Thailand and Description of Sixteen Species." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 8: 669.

Journal article
Published: 02 August 2021 in Journal of Fungi
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This study led to the discovery of three entomopathogenic fungi associated with Kuwanaspis howardi, a scale insect on Phyllostachys heteroclada (fishscale bamboo) and Pleioblastus amarus (bitter bamboo) in China. Two of these species belong to Podonectria: P. kuwanaspidis X.L. Xu & C.L. Yang sp. nov. and P. novae-zelandiae Dingley. The new species P. kuwanaspidis has wider and thicker setae, longer and wider asci, longer ascospores, and more septa as compared with similar Podonectria species. The morphs of extant species P. novae-zelandiae is confirmed based on sexual and asexual morphologies. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses of ITS, LSU, SSU, tef1-α, and rpb2 sequence data provide further evidence for the validity of the two species and their placement in Podonectriaceae (Pleosporales). The second new species, Microcera kuwanaspidis X.L. Xu & C.L. Yang sp. nov., is established based on DNA sequence data from ITS, LSU, SSU, tef1-α, rpb1, rpb2, acl1, act, cmdA, and his3 gene regions, and it is characterized by morphological differences in septum numbers and single conidial mass.

ACS Style

Xiu-Lan Xu; Qian Zeng; Yi-Cong Lv; Rajesh Jeewon; Sajeewa Maharachchikumbura; Dhanushka Wanasinghe; Kevin Hyde; Qian-Gang Xiao; Ying-Gao Liu; Chun-Lin Yang. Insight into the Systematics of Novel Entomopathogenic Fungi Associated with Armored Scale Insect, Kuwanaspis howardi (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in China. Journal of Fungi 2021, 7, 628 .

AMA Style

Xiu-Lan Xu, Qian Zeng, Yi-Cong Lv, Rajesh Jeewon, Sajeewa Maharachchikumbura, Dhanushka Wanasinghe, Kevin Hyde, Qian-Gang Xiao, Ying-Gao Liu, Chun-Lin Yang. Insight into the Systematics of Novel Entomopathogenic Fungi Associated with Armored Scale Insect, Kuwanaspis howardi (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in China. Journal of Fungi. 2021; 7 (8):628.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiu-Lan Xu; Qian Zeng; Yi-Cong Lv; Rajesh Jeewon; Sajeewa Maharachchikumbura; Dhanushka Wanasinghe; Kevin Hyde; Qian-Gang Xiao; Ying-Gao Liu; Chun-Lin Yang. 2021. "Insight into the Systematics of Novel Entomopathogenic Fungi Associated with Armored Scale Insect, Kuwanaspis howardi (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in China." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 8: 628.

Journal article
Published: 05 July 2021 in Life
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Botryosphaeriaceous fungi cause stem blight, canker and dieback in woody plants. During a survey on the fungal pathogens associated with blueberries in China, 135 blighted, cankered or dead blueberry branches were collected from Fujian and Shandong Provinces. Based on the morphological characterization and phylogenetic analyses of a concatenated ITS rDNA, tef1-α, TUB, and RPB2 loci, five new species of Lasiodiplodia, viz., L. clavispora, L. fujianensis, L. henanica, L. nanpingensis and L. paraphysoides were recognized. Detailed descriptions and illustrations, as well as multigene phylogenies, are provided in this paper. The diversity of plant pathogens on agriculturally and economically important plants is higher than anticipated.

ACS Style

Yu Wang; Ying Zhang; Vishwakalyan Bhoyroo; Sillma Rampadarath; Rajesh Jeewon. Multigene Phylogenetics and Morphology Reveal Five Novel Lasiodiplodia Species Associated with Blueberries. Life 2021, 11, 657 .

AMA Style

Yu Wang, Ying Zhang, Vishwakalyan Bhoyroo, Sillma Rampadarath, Rajesh Jeewon. Multigene Phylogenetics and Morphology Reveal Five Novel Lasiodiplodia Species Associated with Blueberries. Life. 2021; 11 (7):657.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yu Wang; Ying Zhang; Vishwakalyan Bhoyroo; Sillma Rampadarath; Rajesh Jeewon. 2021. "Multigene Phylogenetics and Morphology Reveal Five Novel Lasiodiplodia Species Associated with Blueberries." Life 11, no. 7: 657.

Research article
Published: 13 May 2021 in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences
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The Mauritian waters harbour micro-organisms that have successfully adapted to their environment; however, the mycobiota associated with algae and sponges have been poorly studied and are awaiting to be identified and exploited. This study focusses on the fungi associated with the sponge Haliclona sp. and two brown algae Turbinaria conoides and Sargassum portierianum from Mauritius. Samples of Haliclona sp., Turbinaria conoides and Sargassum portierianum were collected in the North of Mauritius, and associated fungi were isolated after surface sterilization and plating on artificial media supplemented with seawater. A total of 17 morphologically different isolates were recovered from Haliclona sp., 20 isolates were obtained from Turbinaria conoides, and 16 isolates were from Sargassum portierianum. The selected sponge-associated fungi have been identified as Acremonium sp., Periconia byssoides, Pestalotiopsis sp. Endophytes from Turbinaria conoides were identified as Aspergillus penicilloides, Acremonium sp. and Cordyceps memorabilis, whereas those from Sargassum portierianum were identified as Pseudopithomyces maydicus, Acremonium sclerotigenum and Curvularia lunata. The ITS regions were suitable for identifying fungi up to the genus level. However, species level identification was problematic and should be used with caution.

ACS Style

Jessica Mélanie Wong Chin; Daneshwar Puchooa; Theeshan Bahorun; Rajesh Jeewon. Molecular characterization of marine fungi associated with Haliclona sp. (sponge) and Turbinaria conoides and Sargassum portierianum (brown algae). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences 2021, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Jessica Mélanie Wong Chin, Daneshwar Puchooa, Theeshan Bahorun, Rajesh Jeewon. Molecular characterization of marine fungi associated with Haliclona sp. (sponge) and Turbinaria conoides and Sargassum portierianum (brown algae). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences. 2021; ():1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jessica Mélanie Wong Chin; Daneshwar Puchooa; Theeshan Bahorun; Rajesh Jeewon. 2021. "Molecular characterization of marine fungi associated with Haliclona sp. (sponge) and Turbinaria conoides and Sargassum portierianum (brown algae)." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences , no. : 1-14.

Nomenclature
Published: 27 April 2021 in MycoKeys
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Collections of fungal samples from two dead leaf specimens from Italy were subjected to morphological examination and phylogenetic analyses. Two coelomycetous taxa belonging to two different genera in Xylariomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, namely Discosia and Sporocadus, were identified. The Discosia taxon is revealed as a new species and is herein introduced as Discosia ravennica sp. nov. while the Sporocadus taxon is identified as Sporocadus rosigena. Multi-locus phylogeny based on DNA sequence data of the large subunit (LSU) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal genes, β-tubulin (β-tub) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) showed that D. ravennica is related to D. neofraxinea but it forms an independent lineage that supports its new species status. The new taxon also differs from other Discosia species by its unilocular to bilocular, superficial and applanate conidiomata with basal stroma composed of cells of textura angularis, elongate-ampulliform conidiogenous cells and conidia smaller in size. Sporocadus rosigena is here reported as a new host record from Quercus ilex from Italy. Descriptions, illustrations and molecular data for both species are provided in this paper.

ACS Style

Digvijayini Bundhun; Rajesh Jeewon; Indunil C. Senanayake; Erio Camporesi; Janith V. S. Aluthmuhandiram; Alvin M. C. Tang; Ji-Chuan Kang; Vishwakalyan Bhoyroo; Kevin D. Hyde. Morpho-molecular characterization of Discosia ravennica sp. nov. and a new host record for Sporocadus rosigena. MycoKeys 2021, 79, 173 -192.

AMA Style

Digvijayini Bundhun, Rajesh Jeewon, Indunil C. Senanayake, Erio Camporesi, Janith V. S. Aluthmuhandiram, Alvin M. C. Tang, Ji-Chuan Kang, Vishwakalyan Bhoyroo, Kevin D. Hyde. Morpho-molecular characterization of Discosia ravennica sp. nov. and a new host record for Sporocadus rosigena. MycoKeys. 2021; 79 ():173-192.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Digvijayini Bundhun; Rajesh Jeewon; Indunil C. Senanayake; Erio Camporesi; Janith V. S. Aluthmuhandiram; Alvin M. C. Tang; Ji-Chuan Kang; Vishwakalyan Bhoyroo; Kevin D. Hyde. 2021. "Morpho-molecular characterization of Discosia ravennica sp. nov. and a new host record for Sporocadus rosigena." MycoKeys 79, no. : 173-192.

Journal article
Published: 29 March 2021 in MycoKeys
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Species of Cordyceps sensu lato (Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes) have always attracted much scientific attention for their abundant species diversity, important medicinal values and biological control applications. The insect superfamilies Elateroidea and Tenebrionoidea are two large groups of Coleoptera and their larvae are generally called wireworms. Most wireworms inhabit humid soil or fallen wood and are often infected with Cordyceps s.l. However, the species diversity of Cordyceps s.l. on Elateroidea and Tenebrionoidea is poorly known. In the present work, we summarise taxonomic information of 63 Cordyceps s.l. species that have been reported as pathogens of wireworms. We review their hosts and geographic distributions and provide taxonomic notes for species. Of those, 60 fungal species are accepted as natural pathogens of wireworms and three species (Cordyceps militaris, Ophiocordyceps ferruginosa and O. variabilis) are excluded. Two new species, O. borealis from Russia (Primorsky Krai) and O. spicatus from China (Guizhou), are described and compared with their closest allies. Polycephalomyces formosus is also described because it is reported as a pathogen of wireworms for the first time. Phylogeny was reconstructed from a combined dataset, comprising SSU, LSU and TEF1-α gene sequences. The results, presented in this study, support the establishment of the new species and confirm the identification of P. formosus.

ACS Style

Ling-Sheng Zha; Vadim Yu Kryukov; Jian-Hua Ding; Rajesh Jeewon; Putarak Chomnunti. Novel taxa and species diversity of Cordyceps sensu lato (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) developing on wireworms (Elateroidea and Tenebrionoidea, Coleoptera). MycoKeys 2021, 78, 79 -117.

AMA Style

Ling-Sheng Zha, Vadim Yu Kryukov, Jian-Hua Ding, Rajesh Jeewon, Putarak Chomnunti. Novel taxa and species diversity of Cordyceps sensu lato (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) developing on wireworms (Elateroidea and Tenebrionoidea, Coleoptera). MycoKeys. 2021; 78 ():79-117.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ling-Sheng Zha; Vadim Yu Kryukov; Jian-Hua Ding; Rajesh Jeewon; Putarak Chomnunti. 2021. "Novel taxa and species diversity of Cordyceps sensu lato (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) developing on wireworms (Elateroidea and Tenebrionoidea, Coleoptera)." MycoKeys 78, no. : 79-117.

Original research article
Published: 10 February 2021 in Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
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A novel species of Penicillium, proposed as P. linzhiense sp.nov was isolated from soil collected in Linzhi Town, Linzhi County, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. DNA sequence analyses from eight different gene regions indicate that the isolate represents a novel species and most closely related to P. janczewskii. The phylogenetic analysis based on a concatenated dataset of three genes, ITS, CaM, and BenA, also confirmed the placement of the novel species within the Canescentia section of the genus Penicillium. Differences in morphology among similar species are detailed and single gene phylogenies based on ITS, CaM and BenA genes as well as a multi-loci gene phylogeny are presented. Cultural studies were performed to study inhibitory activities on plant pathogens. The results reveal a notable antifungal activity against Pyricularia oryzae causing rice blast with an inhibition rate up to 77%, while for other three citrus pathogens, Diaporthe citri, Phyllosticta citrichinaensis, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, inhibition rate was 40, 50, and 55% respectively. No noticeable effects were observed for Fusarium graminearum, Botryosphaeria kuwatsukai, and Rhizoctonia solani. Interestingly, unlike other reported members of Canescentia, P. linzhiense showed no antagonistic effect on root rotting fungi. The new taxon isolated here has the potential to be used as a biocontrol agent especially for economically important phytopathogens or emerging pathogens on diseases occurring on citrus or rice.

ACS Style

Li-Juan Liang; Rajesh Jeewon; Pem Dhandevi; Siva Sundara Kumar Durairajan; Hongye Li; Fu-Cheng Lin; Hong-Kai Wang. A Novel Species of Penicillium With Inhibitory Effects Against Pyricularia oryzae and Fungal Pathogens Inducing Citrus Diseases. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 2021, 10, 1 .

AMA Style

Li-Juan Liang, Rajesh Jeewon, Pem Dhandevi, Siva Sundara Kumar Durairajan, Hongye Li, Fu-Cheng Lin, Hong-Kai Wang. A Novel Species of Penicillium With Inhibitory Effects Against Pyricularia oryzae and Fungal Pathogens Inducing Citrus Diseases. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 2021; 10 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li-Juan Liang; Rajesh Jeewon; Pem Dhandevi; Siva Sundara Kumar Durairajan; Hongye Li; Fu-Cheng Lin; Hong-Kai Wang. 2021. "A Novel Species of Penicillium With Inhibitory Effects Against Pyricularia oryzae and Fungal Pathogens Inducing Citrus Diseases." Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 10, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 28 January 2021 in Journal of Fungi
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A novel genus, Anastomitrabeculia, is introduced herein for a distinct species, Anastomitrabeculia didymospora, collected as a saprobe on dead bamboo culms from a freshwater stream in Thailand. Anastomitrabeculia is distinct in its trabeculate pseudoparaphyses and ascospores with longitudinally striate wall ornamentation. A new family, Anastomitrabeculiaceae, is introduced to accommodate Anastomitrabeculia. Anastomitrabeculiaceae forms an independent lineage basal to Halojulellaceae in Pleosporales and it is closely related to Neohendersoniaceae based on phylogenetic analyses of a combined LSU, SSU and TEF1α dataset. In addition, divergence time estimates provide further support for the establishment of Anastomitrabeculiaceae. The family diverged around 84 million years ago (MYA) during the Cretaceous period, which supports the establishment of the new family. The crown and stem age of Anastomitrabeculiaceae was also compared to morphologically similar pleosporalean families.

ACS Style

Chitrabhanu Bhunjun; Chayanard Phukhamsakda; Rajesh Jeewon; Itthayakorn Promputtha; Kevin Hyde. Integrating Different Lines of Evidence to Establish a Novel Ascomycete Genus and Family (Anastomitrabeculia, Anastomitrabeculiaceae) in Pleosporales. Journal of Fungi 2021, 7, 94 .

AMA Style

Chitrabhanu Bhunjun, Chayanard Phukhamsakda, Rajesh Jeewon, Itthayakorn Promputtha, Kevin Hyde. Integrating Different Lines of Evidence to Establish a Novel Ascomycete Genus and Family (Anastomitrabeculia, Anastomitrabeculiaceae) in Pleosporales. Journal of Fungi. 2021; 7 (2):94.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chitrabhanu Bhunjun; Chayanard Phukhamsakda; Rajesh Jeewon; Itthayakorn Promputtha; Kevin Hyde. 2021. "Integrating Different Lines of Evidence to Establish a Novel Ascomycete Genus and Family (Anastomitrabeculia, Anastomitrabeculiaceae) in Pleosporales." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 2: 94.

Journal article
Published: 17 November 2020 in Biologia
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To date, the majority of mycological studies are focused on Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Research on basal fungi is rather limited with an obvious scarcity of data. Classification of basal fungi has witnessed ongoing changes in the last few decades. There have been numerous taxonomic revisions, establishment of new phyla and debates on the possibility to exclude some basal lineages from the currently circumscribed fungal groups. Zoosporic phyla such as Rozellomycota, Aphelidiomycota and Chytridiomycota are characterized by zoospores, which are motile spores with a flagellum. The position of the first two within the fungal kingdom is currently being debated. Non zoosporic phyla are collectively called zygomycetous fungi and include Mucoromycota and Zoopagomycota. Basal fungi perform important ecological roles. Some groups of basal fungi control the population density of plankton, Oomycetes, aphids, and small invertebrates, while taking part in recycling of energy and matter in food webs. A few basal fungi are known for uptaking toxic heavy metals from the environment. The earliest basal fungi emerged just after the divergence of the nucleariid line of phagotrophs. Various taxonomic studies question the monophyly of some basal phyla, such as Chytridiomycota. Depending on the life mode of the fungi and whether motile or non-motile spores are produced, the isolation methods differ. For the culture of parasitic zoosporic fungi, co-culturing the fungi with their host is recommended while for saprobes ones, baits can be used. For zygomycetous fungi, common methods include dilution plating and direct inoculation. In this review, we pinpoint research gaps and discuss the current classification schemes along with information on evolution, diversity, current methods and challenges to isolate and culture basal fungi.

ACS Style

Vedprakash G. Hurdeal; Eleni Gentekaki; Kevin D. Hyde; Rajesh Jeewon. Where are the basal fungi? Current status on diversity, ecology, evolution, and taxonomy. Biologia 2020, 76, 421 -440.

AMA Style

Vedprakash G. Hurdeal, Eleni Gentekaki, Kevin D. Hyde, Rajesh Jeewon. Where are the basal fungi? Current status on diversity, ecology, evolution, and taxonomy. Biologia. 2020; 76 (2):421-440.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vedprakash G. Hurdeal; Eleni Gentekaki; Kevin D. Hyde; Rajesh Jeewon. 2020. "Where are the basal fungi? Current status on diversity, ecology, evolution, and taxonomy." Biologia 76, no. 2: 421-440.

Journal article
Published: 16 July 2020 in MycoKeys
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In this paper, Claviformisporagen. nov. in Linocarpaceae is introduced from Phyllostachys heteroclada in Sichuan Province, China. The new genus is characterised by its distinct morphological characters, such as ostiole with periphyses, asci with a thick doughnut-shaped, J- apical ring and clavate ascospore without septum-like band and appendage. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference phylogenetic analyses, based on DNA sequence data from ITS, LSU, SSU and TEF-1α regions, provide further evidence that the fungus is a distinct genus within this family. The new genus is compared with similar genera, such as Linocarpon and Neolinocarpon. Descriptions, illustrations and notes are provided for the new taxon.

ACS Style

Xiu-Lan Xu; Chun-Lin Yang; Rajesh Jeewon; Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe; Ying-Gao Liu; Qian-Gang Xiao. Morpho-molecular diversity of Linocarpaceae (Chaetosphaeriales): Claviformispora gen. nov. from decaying branches of Phyllostachys heteroclada. MycoKeys 2020, 70, 1 -17.

AMA Style

Xiu-Lan Xu, Chun-Lin Yang, Rajesh Jeewon, Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe, Ying-Gao Liu, Qian-Gang Xiao. Morpho-molecular diversity of Linocarpaceae (Chaetosphaeriales): Claviformispora gen. nov. from decaying branches of Phyllostachys heteroclada. MycoKeys. 2020; 70 ():1-17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiu-Lan Xu; Chun-Lin Yang; Rajesh Jeewon; Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe; Ying-Gao Liu; Qian-Gang Xiao. 2020. "Morpho-molecular diversity of Linocarpaceae (Chaetosphaeriales): Claviformispora gen. nov. from decaying branches of Phyllostachys heteroclada." MycoKeys 70, no. : 1-17.

Author correction
Published: 15 July 2020 in Scientific Reports
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An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

ACS Style

Rajesh Jeewon; Quin S. Y. Yeung; Dhanushka N. Wannasinghe; Sillma Rampadarath; Daneshwar Puchooa; Hong-Kai Wang; Kevin D. Hyde. Author Correction: Hidden mycota of pine needles: Molecular signatures from PCR-DGGE and Ribosomal DNA phylogenetic characterization of novel phylotypes. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -1.

AMA Style

Rajesh Jeewon, Quin S. Y. Yeung, Dhanushka N. Wannasinghe, Sillma Rampadarath, Daneshwar Puchooa, Hong-Kai Wang, Kevin D. Hyde. Author Correction: Hidden mycota of pine needles: Molecular signatures from PCR-DGGE and Ribosomal DNA phylogenetic characterization of novel phylotypes. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rajesh Jeewon; Quin S. Y. Yeung; Dhanushka N. Wannasinghe; Sillma Rampadarath; Daneshwar Puchooa; Hong-Kai Wang; Kevin D. Hyde. 2020. "Author Correction: Hidden mycota of pine needles: Molecular signatures from PCR-DGGE and Ribosomal DNA phylogenetic characterization of novel phylotypes." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-1.

Journal article
Published: 15 July 2020 in MycoKeys
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In this paper, Claviformisporagen. nov. in Linocarpaceae is introduced from Phyllostachys heteroclada in Sichuan Province, China. The new genus is characterised by its distinct morphological characters, such as ostiole with periphyses, asci with a thick doughnut-shaped, J- apical ring and clavate ascospore without septum-like band and appendage. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference phylogenetic analyses, based on DNA sequence data from ITS, LSU, SSU and TEF-1α regions, provide further evidence that the fungus is a distinct genus within this family. The new genus is compared with similar genera, such as Linocarpon and Neolinocarpon. Descriptions, illustrations and notes are provided for the new taxon.

ACS Style

Xiu-Lan Xu; Chun-Lin Yang; Rajesh Jeewon; Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe; Ying-Gao Liu; Qian-Gang Xiao. Morpho-molecular diversity of Linocarpaceae (Chaetosphaeriales): Claviformispora gen. nov. from decaying branches of Phyllostachys heteroclada. MycoKeys 2020, 69, 113 -129.

AMA Style

Xiu-Lan Xu, Chun-Lin Yang, Rajesh Jeewon, Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe, Ying-Gao Liu, Qian-Gang Xiao. Morpho-molecular diversity of Linocarpaceae (Chaetosphaeriales): Claviformispora gen. nov. from decaying branches of Phyllostachys heteroclada. MycoKeys. 2020; 69 ():113-129.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiu-Lan Xu; Chun-Lin Yang; Rajesh Jeewon; Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe; Ying-Gao Liu; Qian-Gang Xiao. 2020. "Morpho-molecular diversity of Linocarpaceae (Chaetosphaeriales): Claviformispora gen. nov. from decaying branches of Phyllostachys heteroclada." MycoKeys 69, no. : 113-129.

Journal article
Published: 11 July 2020 in South African Journal of Botany
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Biscogniauxia belongs to the family Graphostromataceae, and species have been found mainly as pathogens in dicotyledonous plants worldwide. Two endophytic strains, Biscogniauxia dendrobii sp. nov. and B. petrensis were isolated from Dendrobium aphyllum and D. harveyanum sampled from southwestern China and northern Thailand respectively. The conidiophores and conidia were used for morphological characteristic estimation. The maximum likelihood and Bayesian analysis with ITS, TUB2, RPB2 and LSU sequence data were combined for phylogenctic identification. Biscogniauxia dendrobii sp. nov. is introduced based on the large discrepancy of both sequences (5.2%) and size of conidia. Another known species B. petrensis is also illustrated and described in this study to facilitate species identification on D. harveyanum. The ethyl acetate crude extract of the isolate B. petrensis showed moderate and strong cytotoxic activity against A549 and K562 using the CCK8 assay (IC50 of it 13.5 and 3.5 ug/ml respectively). This is the first report of endophytic Biscogniauxia in Dendrobium species and of their cytotoxicity to A549 and K562, all of which enhances the current knowledge on the genus Biscogniauxia.

ACS Style

Xiao-Ya Ma; Sureeporn Nontachaiyapoom; Kevin D. Hyde; Rajesh Jeewon; Mingkwan Doilom; Putarak Chomnunti; Ji-Chuan Kang. Biscogniauxia dendrobii sp. nov. and B. petrensis from Dendrobium orchids and the first report of cytotoxicity (towards A549 and K562) of B. petrensis (MFLUCC 14-0151) in vitro. South African Journal of Botany 2020, 134, 382 -393.

AMA Style

Xiao-Ya Ma, Sureeporn Nontachaiyapoom, Kevin D. Hyde, Rajesh Jeewon, Mingkwan Doilom, Putarak Chomnunti, Ji-Chuan Kang. Biscogniauxia dendrobii sp. nov. and B. petrensis from Dendrobium orchids and the first report of cytotoxicity (towards A549 and K562) of B. petrensis (MFLUCC 14-0151) in vitro. South African Journal of Botany. 2020; 134 ():382-393.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiao-Ya Ma; Sureeporn Nontachaiyapoom; Kevin D. Hyde; Rajesh Jeewon; Mingkwan Doilom; Putarak Chomnunti; Ji-Chuan Kang. 2020. "Biscogniauxia dendrobii sp. nov. and B. petrensis from Dendrobium orchids and the first report of cytotoxicity (towards A549 and K562) of B. petrensis (MFLUCC 14-0151) in vitro." South African Journal of Botany 134, no. : 382-393.

Nomenclature
Published: 10 July 2020 in IMA Fungus
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True fungi (Fungi) and fungus-like organisms (e.g. Mycetozoa, Oomycota) constitute the second largest group of organisms based on global richness estimates, with around 3 million predicted species. Compared to plants and animals, fungi have simple body plans with often morphologically and ecologically obscure structures. This poses challenges for accurate and precise identifications. Here we provide a conceptual framework for the identification of fungi, encouraging the approach of integrative (polyphasic) taxonomy for species delimitation, i.e. the combination of genealogy (phylogeny), phenotype (including autecology), and reproductive biology (when feasible). This allows objective evaluation of diagnostic characters, either phenotypic or molecular or both. Verification of identifications is crucial but often neglected. Because of clade-specific evolutionary histories, there is currently no single tool for the identification of fungi, although DNA barcoding using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) remains a first diagnosis, particularly in metabarcoding studies. Secondary DNA barcodes are increasingly implemented for groups where ITS does not provide sufficient precision. Issues of pairwise sequence similarity-based identifications and OTU clustering are discussed, and multiple sequence alignment-based phylogenetic approaches with subsequent verification are recommended as more accurate alternatives. In metabarcoding approaches, the trade-off between speed and accuracy and precision of molecular identifications must be carefully considered. Intragenomic variation of the ITS and other barcoding markers should be properly documented, as phylotype diversity is not necessarily a proxy of species richness. Important strategies to improve molecular identification of fungi are: (1) broadly document intraspecific and intragenomic variation of barcoding markers; (2) substantially expand sequence repositories, focusing on undersampled clades and missing taxa; (3) improve curation of sequence labels in primary repositories and substantially increase the number of sequences based on verified material; (4) link sequence data to digital information of voucher specimens including imagery. In parallel, technological improvements to genome sequencing offer promising alternatives to DNA barcoding in the future. Despite the prevalence of DNA-based fungal taxonomy, phenotype-based approaches remain an important strategy to catalog the global diversity of fungi and establish initial species hypotheses.

ACS Style

Robert Lücking; M. Catherine Aime; Barbara Robbertse; Andrew N. Miller; Hiran A. Ariyawansa; Takayuki Aoki; Gianluigi Cardinali; Pedro W. Crous; Irina S. Druzhinina; David M. Geiser; David L. Hawksworth; Kevin D. Hyde; Laszlo Irinyi; Rajesh Jeewon; Peter R. Johnston; Paul M. Kirk; Elaine Malosso; Tom W. May; Wieland Meyer; Maarja Öpik; Vincent Robert; Marc Stadler; Marco Thines; Duong Vu; Andrey M. Yurkov; Ning Zhang; Conrad L. Schoch. Unambiguous identification of fungi: where do we stand and how accurate and precise is fungal DNA barcoding? IMA Fungus 2020, 11, 1 -32.

AMA Style

Robert Lücking, M. Catherine Aime, Barbara Robbertse, Andrew N. Miller, Hiran A. Ariyawansa, Takayuki Aoki, Gianluigi Cardinali, Pedro W. Crous, Irina S. Druzhinina, David M. Geiser, David L. Hawksworth, Kevin D. Hyde, Laszlo Irinyi, Rajesh Jeewon, Peter R. Johnston, Paul M. Kirk, Elaine Malosso, Tom W. May, Wieland Meyer, Maarja Öpik, Vincent Robert, Marc Stadler, Marco Thines, Duong Vu, Andrey M. Yurkov, Ning Zhang, Conrad L. Schoch. Unambiguous identification of fungi: where do we stand and how accurate and precise is fungal DNA barcoding? IMA Fungus. 2020; 11 (1):1-32.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Robert Lücking; M. Catherine Aime; Barbara Robbertse; Andrew N. Miller; Hiran A. Ariyawansa; Takayuki Aoki; Gianluigi Cardinali; Pedro W. Crous; Irina S. Druzhinina; David M. Geiser; David L. Hawksworth; Kevin D. Hyde; Laszlo Irinyi; Rajesh Jeewon; Peter R. Johnston; Paul M. Kirk; Elaine Malosso; Tom W. May; Wieland Meyer; Maarja Öpik; Vincent Robert; Marc Stadler; Marco Thines; Duong Vu; Andrey M. Yurkov; Ning Zhang; Conrad L. Schoch. 2020. "Unambiguous identification of fungi: where do we stand and how accurate and precise is fungal DNA barcoding?" IMA Fungus 11, no. 1: 1-32.

Journal article
Published: 07 May 2020 in Biomolecules
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Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam. is claimed to effectively manage a number of ailments including diabetes and associated complications. Nonetheless, no attempt has been made to delineate its pharmacological propensities and phytochemical profile. This study was designed to appraise the antioxidant and enzymatic inhibitory properties relevant to the management of diabetes mellitus, obesity, and neurodegenerative and skin disorders. A combination of colorimetric assays and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) were applied for the phytochemical screening of leaf, root, twig, and fruit extracts (methanol and ethyl acetate). In vitro antioxidant evaluations were via radical scavenging abilities (DPPH, ABTS), reducing potential (FRAP, CUPRAC), chelating power, and total antioxidant capacity (phosphomolybdenum). Seven key metabolic enzymes (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, tyrosinase, elastase, lipase, AChE, and BChE) were targeted to determine the inhibitory effects. Multivariate and in silico docking analysis were performed on collected data. Methanolic fruit extract yielded the highest total phenolic, tannin, and triterpenoid contents (174.18 ± 4.27 mg GAE/g, 176.24 ± 3.10 mg CE/g, 63.11 ± 3.27 mg OAE/g, respectively); significantly depressed tyrosinase, elastase, and α-amylase activities (155.35 ± 0.29 mg KAE/g, 4.56 ± 0.10 mg CAE/g, 1.00 ± 0.05 mmol ACAE/g, accordingly); and harboured the most potent antioxidant capacities with DPPH, CUPRAC, FRAP (492.62 ± 5.31, 961.46 ± 11.18, 552.49 ± 8.71 mg TE/g, respectively), and phosphomolybdenum (4.17 ± 0.31 mmol TE/g) assays. Multivariate analysis suggested that the type of solvents used influenced the biological activities more compared to plant parts. Docking analysis showed that azelaic acid binds with tyrosinase by Van der Waals and conventional hydrogen bonds. We anticipate that the present study may establish baseline data on this halophyte that could open new avenues for the development of biomedicine.

ACS Style

Nabeelah Bibi Sadeer; Kouadio Ibrahime Sinan; Zoltán Cziáky; József Jekő; Gokhan Zengin; Rajesh Jeewon; Hassan H. Abdallah; Kannan R. R. Rengasamy; Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally. Assessment of the Pharmacological Properties and Phytochemical Profile of Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam Using In Vitro Studies, In Silico Docking, and Multivariate Analysis. Biomolecules 2020, 10, 731 .

AMA Style

Nabeelah Bibi Sadeer, Kouadio Ibrahime Sinan, Zoltán Cziáky, József Jekő, Gokhan Zengin, Rajesh Jeewon, Hassan H. Abdallah, Kannan R. R. Rengasamy, Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally. Assessment of the Pharmacological Properties and Phytochemical Profile of Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam Using In Vitro Studies, In Silico Docking, and Multivariate Analysis. Biomolecules. 2020; 10 (5):731.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nabeelah Bibi Sadeer; Kouadio Ibrahime Sinan; Zoltán Cziáky; József Jekő; Gokhan Zengin; Rajesh Jeewon; Hassan H. Abdallah; Kannan R. R. Rengasamy; Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally. 2020. "Assessment of the Pharmacological Properties and Phytochemical Profile of Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam Using In Vitro Studies, In Silico Docking, and Multivariate Analysis." Biomolecules 10, no. 5: 731.

Journal article
Published: 28 October 2019 in Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal
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The World Health Organisation recommends people to keep their calorie intake from soft drink (SD) less than 10% of their daily calorie intake. Even though, calorie intake from soft drink consumption is low, there is an increase in the frequency of consumption. Also, besides, it is well understood that change in weight is not only dependent on soft drink consumption but also factors such as calorie intake and physical activity. The objective of this study is to investigate SD consumption and its association with BMI, physical activity and calorie intake among adults. 511 adults aged 20-60 years (208 male and 303 female) were recruited. The questionnaire used to elicit information included 3-day 24-hour dietary recall, physical activity habits and soft drink consumption. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight and waist circumference) were also taken. The data was analysed using SPSS version 2.0. Chi-square tests, Person coefficient test, and Spearman’s correlation tests were used to infer any relationships between variables. The mean daily calorie intake among the population is 2501 ± 86.46 Kcal/day. Energy intake by both genders is within the range recommended by USDA (males: 2182 ± 33.48 Kcal/day and female: 1925 ± 28.55 Kcal/day). BMI is slightly higher among female 25.00 ± kg/m^2 as compared to male 24.73 kg/m^2. Mean Energy intake from SD is found to be 88.57 ± 3.37 Kcal/day that accounts for 3.54% of the daily calorie intake and hence in line with the WHO recommendation. A significant association is seen between SD consumption and BMI (P= 0.02), however obesity and overweight is seen to be independent of SD consumption. Furthermore, a positive correlation wasfound between SD consumption and physical activity (P=0.01) and it is observed that 26.3 % of the population who had a sedentary lifestyle are overweight. No association was found between calorie intake and SD consumption (P= 0.731) since the percentage calorie from SD does not exceed the recommendation of WHO. A significant relationship is found between SD consumption and BMI. However, it is observed that physical activity has a higher influence on BMI independent of calorie intake and soft drink consumption. Even though soft drink is reported herein not influence on the prevalence of obesity and overweight, long-term soft drink consumption can result in health problems related to obesity.

ACS Style

Oundhyalah Devi Padaruth; Deecksha Gomdola; Vishwakalyan Bhoyroo; Rajesh Jeewon. Is Soft Drink Consumption Linked to Higher Body Mass Index and Energy Intake Among Adults in Mauritius? Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 2019, 7, 725 -737.

AMA Style

Oundhyalah Devi Padaruth, Deecksha Gomdola, Vishwakalyan Bhoyroo, Rajesh Jeewon. Is Soft Drink Consumption Linked to Higher Body Mass Index and Energy Intake Among Adults in Mauritius? Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal. 2019; 7 (3):725-737.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oundhyalah Devi Padaruth; Deecksha Gomdola; Vishwakalyan Bhoyroo; Rajesh Jeewon. 2019. "Is Soft Drink Consumption Linked to Higher Body Mass Index and Energy Intake Among Adults in Mauritius?" Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 7, no. 3: 725-737.

Journal article
Published: 16 October 2019 in Antioxidants
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Currently, there is a renewed interest towards the development of plant-based pharmacophores. In this work, 16 extracts prepared from the leaves, twigs, roots and fruits of a hydro-halophyte, Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Family: Rhizophoraceae), were studied for possible antioxidant activity and the phenolic profiles established. Thereafter, enzymatic inhibitory activities (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, tyrosinase, acetyl- (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), lipase, and elastase) were assessed. The total phenolic, flavonoid, phenolic acid, tannin, flavanol and triterpenoid content were estimated using standard assays. An untargeted metabolomics-based approach, based on ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) followed by multivariate statistics, was then used to comprehensively profile and describe the phenolics present. UHPLC-QTOF-MS allowed for putatively annotating 104 phenolic acids, 103 flavonols, 94 flavones, 71 anthocyanins, 66 tyrosols, 29 lignans, 15 alkylphenols and 10 stilbenes in the extracts. Nine strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Salmonella enteritidis, Sarcina lutea, Proteus mirabilis, Bacillus cereus and Candida albicans) were then used to investigate the antimicrobial properties. The methanolic twig extract exhibited significant reducing potential towards Cu (II)/Cu (I) and Fe (III)/Fe (II) (1336.88 ± 15.70 and 710.18 ± 21.04 mg TE/g, respectively) and was the most potent DPPH radical scavenger (807.07 ± 6.83 mg TE/g). Additionally, the methanolic twig extract showed significant inhibition against most targeted enzymes. Anti-microbial results showed that all extracts were active against MRSA. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the phenolic profile of ethyl acetate extracts and leaves were the two most discriminative parameters in terms of solvents and organs, respectively. The present findings indicated that R. mucronata may be further explored for the management/prevention of oxidative stress, neurodegenerative complications and hyperpigmentation.

ACS Style

Nabeelah Bibi Sadeer; Gabriele Rocchetti; Biancamaria Senizza; Domenico Montesano; Gokhan Zengin; Ahmet Uysal; Rajesh Jeewon; Luigi Lucini; Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally. Untargeted Metabolomic Profiling, Multivariate Analysis and Biological Evaluation of the True Mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata Lam.). Antioxidants 2019, 8, 489 .

AMA Style

Nabeelah Bibi Sadeer, Gabriele Rocchetti, Biancamaria Senizza, Domenico Montesano, Gokhan Zengin, Ahmet Uysal, Rajesh Jeewon, Luigi Lucini, Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally. Untargeted Metabolomic Profiling, Multivariate Analysis and Biological Evaluation of the True Mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata Lam.). Antioxidants. 2019; 8 (10):489.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nabeelah Bibi Sadeer; Gabriele Rocchetti; Biancamaria Senizza; Domenico Montesano; Gokhan Zengin; Ahmet Uysal; Rajesh Jeewon; Luigi Lucini; Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally. 2019. "Untargeted Metabolomic Profiling, Multivariate Analysis and Biological Evaluation of the True Mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata Lam.)." Antioxidants 8, no. 10: 489.

Correction
Published: 03 July 2019 in Annals of Microbiology
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In the above-mentioned paper, the wrong figure was provided for figure 6.

ACS Style

Aadil Ahmad Aullybux; Daneshwar Puchooa; Theeshan Bahorun; Rajesh Jeewon. Correction to: Phylogenetics and antibacterial properties of exopolysaccharides from marine bacteria isolated from Mauritius seawater. Annals of Microbiology 2019, 69, 973 -974.

AMA Style

Aadil Ahmad Aullybux, Daneshwar Puchooa, Theeshan Bahorun, Rajesh Jeewon. Correction to: Phylogenetics and antibacterial properties of exopolysaccharides from marine bacteria isolated from Mauritius seawater. Annals of Microbiology. 2019; 69 (9):973-974.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aadil Ahmad Aullybux; Daneshwar Puchooa; Theeshan Bahorun; Rajesh Jeewon. 2019. "Correction to: Phylogenetics and antibacterial properties of exopolysaccharides from marine bacteria isolated from Mauritius seawater." Annals of Microbiology 69, no. 9: 973-974.

Research article
Published: 26 June 2019 in PLOS ONE
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During our studies on fungal diversity from plant substrates, a new species of Valsaria was isolated from dead branches of Ostrya carpinifolia. The taxon is morphologically similar to other taxa in Valsariaceae and is characterized by pseudostromata, apically free pseudoparaphyses, bitunicate asci, and dark brown, 2-celled ascospores. However, it differs from extant species in number of guttules and ornamentation of spore. It is introduced herein as Valsaria ostryae sp. nov. within the family Valsariaceae. Multigene phylogenies based on combined LSU, ITS and RPB2 DNA sequence data generated from maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and MrBayes analyses indicate that V. ostryae is basal to V. lopadostomoides and V. rudis and its establishment as a new species is strongly supported. No discordance was found between our morphological and phylogenetic species boundaries as postulated by other researchers and our molecular data strongly supports ornamentation of spore as useful for species delineation. Valsaria species do not appear to be host specific. Full morphological details are provided herein and phylogenetic relationships of Valsaria species are also discussed in light with host association.

ACS Style

Dhandevi Pem; Kevin D. Hyde; Mingkwan Doilom; Erio Camporesi; Sinang Hongsanan; Sillma Rampadarath; Vishwakalyan Bhoyroo; Rajesh Jeewon. Multigene phylogenetic analyses to establish new Valsaria species and taxonomic significance of spore ornamentation. PLOS ONE 2019, 14, e0217982 .

AMA Style

Dhandevi Pem, Kevin D. Hyde, Mingkwan Doilom, Erio Camporesi, Sinang Hongsanan, Sillma Rampadarath, Vishwakalyan Bhoyroo, Rajesh Jeewon. Multigene phylogenetic analyses to establish new Valsaria species and taxonomic significance of spore ornamentation. PLOS ONE. 2019; 14 (6):e0217982.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dhandevi Pem; Kevin D. Hyde; Mingkwan Doilom; Erio Camporesi; Sinang Hongsanan; Sillma Rampadarath; Vishwakalyan Bhoyroo; Rajesh Jeewon. 2019. "Multigene phylogenetic analyses to establish new Valsaria species and taxonomic significance of spore ornamentation." PLOS ONE 14, no. 6: e0217982.