This study sought to examine work-related exposure to trauma and predictors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms among regional journalists in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province, a conflict-ridden area in northwest Pakistan. We recruited 216 KP journalists. Analysis of the surveys revealed a high prevalence of trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms. All of the participants had covered at least one trauma inducing event. Exposure to work-related trauma, active emotional coping and avoidant emotional coping were statistically significant factors associated with PTSD symptoms. This study is the first to highlight the severity of the impact of trauma on regional journalists in Pakistan.

Youth used different mass media to get information and news updates. Before the development of social media and the internet, traditional media was very important for news and information in society. Currently, youth consume less news on traditional media platforms than digital media because they often depend on new media gadgets with pervasive internet connections that could provide them with rapid news updates. The present study focuses principally on “different news media usage among university students in Pakistan”. The researchers used the “Use and Gratification Theory” to accomplish this study. The researchers used the quantitative method, to fill out the survey from Students, the data was collected through a designed questionnaire from 600 students (Male n=376, Female n=223) at Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The Survey was carried out in two months, November 2020 to December 2020. For data analysis SPSS was used performed descriptive analyses method to find out the outcomes of the reported questions. The finding showed that social media and radio are the most popular news media among the students. It was further added that students used different web-based applications, and Facebook was found more widespread among youths. Besides social media, radio found highly prevalent media, the listening radio included local FM, national and international radio stations found common activity among the youth. The international radio station (Dewa radio, Mashall radio, BBC radio) is legendary radios for local, national, and international news. While local FM radio stations are admired for music and entertainment.

The tribal areas of Pakistan have historically been plagued by conflict, extremism, and limited access to information and communication. Militants have historically used illegal FM radio stations to spread propaganda and extort funding, highlighting the need for legitimate radio stations to counter these efforts. The tribal belt faces numerous challenges, including a lack of infrastructure, as well as agricultural, educational, health, and shelter-related issues. Establishing new FM radio stations in these areas presents a unique opportunity to promote intercultural dialogue, challenge violent ideologies, and promote alternative narratives for peace. Approximately 70 percent of the population in tribal districts rely on radio as their primary source of news and entertainment. The new radio stations communicate state narratives, educate locals on the legal system and their rights as citizens, and address various social issues. This study is designed to determine the role of those radio stations in Peacebuilding and Countering Extremism in the affected Areas of Pakistan. The Scholar used qualitative methods to gather in-depth insights from stakeholders and measure the impact of FM radio stations. The data were collected by using in-depth interviews with the station managers (n=15), program producers, and presenters of the radio stations regarding the aim and objective of the radio stations and details of the radio programs broadcasted in the daily transmission. The participants were selected by using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Thematic Analysis was used to analyse the data, i.e., interviews. The data is examined through the lens of the agenda-sitting Theory. It is concluded that there are differently designed radio programs about Health, education, women empowerment, agriculture, and development. There are also some special programs regarding social cohesion, Peacebuilding, and Countering Extremism in the affected Areas of Pakistan.