Surian (Toona sinensis) is a forest plant that is widespread in Asia. In Indonesia, this plant only used and known as a commodity for carpentry but in other nation, saurian is known as spices and traditional medicine because of its natural antioxidant potential. The objective of this study was assayed total phenolic content, total flavonoids content, and antioxidant activity from Surian leaves. Surian leaves were extracted by water and ethanol solvent. Water extraction was conducted by reflux in 90 °C then ethanol extraction was conducted by maceration, which is through various concentration 70%, 80%, 90%, and 96% of ethanol. Total phenolic content varied from 276.62 to 444.68 (mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content ranged from 209.23 to 324.61 (mg QE/g). Antioxidant activity of the water and ethanol extracts was evaluated using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil) radical scavenging method. Total phenolic and flavonoid content of ethanol 90% extract and ethanol 96% extract had a higher amount than the other. The ethanol 96% extract had the strongest DPPH inhibition concentration 50% (IC50), which is 3.38 μg/mL while ascorbic acid is 3.90 μg/mL as a comparison. Antioxidant activity had a strong correlation with total flavonoid content.

The exposure of reactive oxygen species is one of the aging triggers at cellular level. The antioxidants have been used as strategic efforts in overcoming the accumulation of ROS. Previous research using crude extracts of clove bud and leaves showed its potential as an antioxidant agent. However, no data were available regarding the antioxidant and antiaging activities of subsequent fractions of clove extracts. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the antioxidant and antiaging activities of the n-hexane and ethanol fractions from clove bud and leaves. Antioxidant and antiaging activities were tested at the cellular level using the yeast model Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The highest flavonoid content was shown by clove leaf n-hexane fraction (25.6 mgQE·g⁻¹). However, ethanol fraction of clove bud (FEB) showed the highest antioxidant activity based on TBA and antiglycation assays. FEB (8 μg·mL⁻¹) and leaf ethanol fraction (FEL) (10 μg·mL⁻¹) were able to induce yeast tolerance against oxidative stress. In addition, FEB could induce mitochondrial activity and delay the G1 phase of the cell cycle. FEB was found to be rich in gallic acid and (15Z)-9,12,13-trihydroxy-15-octadecenoic. Based on the data, FEB shows the potential antiaging activity, which is promising for further development as biopharmaceutical product formulations.

Phyllanthus acidus is an Indonesian plant belonging to the Euphorbiaccae family. Extraction of P. acidus was performed using the maceration method. Four-solvent extraction process by ethanol, 70% ethanol, 30% ethanol, and water was used. The antioxidant activity from this extract was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) and cytotoxicity (biological potency from this extract) using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. We found that the extraction yields of samples ranging from 1.13% to 20.25%. The ethanol extract showed the highest yield, while the lowest yield was reported in the water extract of P. acidus fruit. Among the samples, water extract of P. acidus exhibited high antioxidant activity with IC 50 26.06 μg/mL. LC 50 values for BSLT ranging from 473.26 to 908.98 μg/ mL, with the water extract having the lowest value and therefore the most potent, and the ethanol extract having the highest value

Context: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a critical role in wound healing, with higher levels seen in chronic wounds, delaying healing. Since ancient times, propolis has been widely used for traditional wound healing. However, there is still limited research on MMP1 and MMP12. Aims: To evaluate new candidates of propolis compounds for targeting MMP1 and MMP12 using in silico studies supported by experimental screening using LC-MS/MS quadrupole-time of flight (QTOF). Methods: Compounds in propolis were screened using LC-MS/MS QTOF. The 3D structure of all compounds in propolis and protein targets was prepared in Autodock and Biovia Discovery Studio. The molecular docking of all compounds in propolis was carried out using Autodock on PyRx 0.9. Drug-likeness and ADMET analysis of selected compounds in propolis with the lowest affinity were observed. Lastly, molecular dynamic simulations of the best compounds in propolis were conducted using the GROMACS 2020 package. Results: Eleven flavonoid and phenolic compounds were identified in propolis using LC-MS/MS QTOF analysis. Molecular docking simulations showed that licoflavone A and pinostrobin exhibited the lowest binding affinity to MMP1 and MMP12, respectively. Molecular dynamic simulations revealed that licoflavone A formed a more stabilized complex with MMP1, while pinostrobin formed a more stabilized complex with MMP12 than the native ligand. Conclusions: This study revealed new candidates for MMP1 and MMP12 inhibitors from propolis compounds that can enhance wound healing. It is hoped that the evidence gathered in this study provides crucial new information in exploring new wound-healing medications.

A new way to administer platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to improve its viability in more complex and chronic wound healing and soft/hard tissue regeneration in alveolar ridge preservation is demanded. In this study, PRP was encapsulated in chitosan to form a nanosphere with size below 100 nm with an idea to prolong PRP’s growth factors release. Chitosan nanosphere was prepared by ionic gelation method, while PRP was encapsulated by inclusion method. Morphology analysis by transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed that PRP was encapsulated efficiently in the chitosan matrix, making a spherical shape with size of 30–80 nm. Particle size analysis by dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) method further showed that the average size of chitosan—PRP nanosphere was 51.27 ± 33.75 nm, which is a good indication for biomaterials used in body. The stability of the nanoparticle colloid was confirmed with zeta potential score of 50.42 mV. 200 μ l encapsulation of PRP in chitosan nanosphere had the highest encapsulation efficiency, that was further used in total protein release analysis in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution. It started with initial burst at 7 h, followed by steady release, then ‘quasi-plateau’ after 96 h (at around 60%), dominated by Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics model and Fick’s diffusion mechanism. Finally, the nanosphere showed an excellent antibacterial activity against S. mutans as shown from 90.63% bacteria inhibition during assay. The results showed that chitosan—PRP nanosphere could be used as a novel approach for complex/chronic wound healing and soft/hard tissue regeneration following periodontitis treatment or tooth extraction that needs prolonged growth factor release.