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Dr. Giuseppe Mancuso
Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

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0 Hydraulics
0 Water Quality
0 Water Resources
0 Wastewater treatment and reuse
0 Agriculture irrigation

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Wastewater treatment and reuse
Water Quality
Water Resources
Agriculture irrigation
Fluid dynamic

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Review
Published: 08 July 2021 in Water
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The implementation of nature-based solutions (NBSs) can be a suitable and sustainable approach to coping with environmental issues related to diffuse water pollution from agriculture. NBSs exploit natural mitigation processes that can promote the removal of different contaminants from agricultural wastewater, and they can also enable the recovery of otherwise lost resources (i.e., nutrients). Among these, nitrogen impacts different ecosystems, resulting in serious environmental and human health issues. Recent research activities have investigated the capability of NBS to remove nitrogen from polluted water. However, the regulating mechanisms for nitrogen removal can be complex, since a wide range of decontamination pathways, such as plant uptake, microbial degradation, substrate adsorption and filtration, precipitation, sedimentation, and volatilization, can be involved. Investigating these processes is beneficial for the enhancement of the performance of NBSs. The present study provides a comprehensive review of factors that can influence nitrogen removal in different types of NBSs, and the possible strategies for nitrogen recovery that have been reported in the literature.

ACS Style

Giuseppe Mancuso; Grazia Bencresciuto; Stevo Lavrnić; Attilio Toscano. Diffuse Water Pollution from Agriculture: A Review of Nature-Based Solutions for Nitrogen Removal and Recovery. Water 2021, 13, 1893 .

AMA Style

Giuseppe Mancuso, Grazia Bencresciuto, Stevo Lavrnić, Attilio Toscano. Diffuse Water Pollution from Agriculture: A Review of Nature-Based Solutions for Nitrogen Removal and Recovery. Water. 2021; 13 (14):1893.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giuseppe Mancuso; Grazia Bencresciuto; Stevo Lavrnić; Attilio Toscano. 2021. "Diffuse Water Pollution from Agriculture: A Review of Nature-Based Solutions for Nitrogen Removal and Recovery." Water 13, no. 14: 1893.

Journal article
Published: 17 March 2021 in Bioremediation Journal
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Sewage sludge is the by-product of wastewater treatment processes. Its reuse is central to a circular economy approach and offers a sustainable alternative to its disposal. Treated sludge contains a wide range of nutrients (mainly nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), which favor its sustainable employment for agricultural purposes (land-spreading, compost production) and environmental requalification interventions (forestry, silviculture, land reclamation and revegetation). However, if not properly treated, sewage sludge can contain various contaminants such as heavy metals, organic pollutants, pathogens, and other emerging contaminants, which pose a threat for crops production and human health. Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is an eco-friendly and cost-efficient pretreatment that can enhance sewage sludge stabilization in both anaerobic and aerobic digestion units, thereby making safe its management and disposal. In this study, HC was used for the gradual disintegration of activated sludge (reaching a maximum disintegration degree (DDPCOD) of 19.2% after 8 h of treatment), and the solubilization of the dissolved organic matter (increasing the Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand (SCOD) from 244 to 4,578 mg L−1 after 8 h of treatment). Then, both dynamic light scattering analysis and stereoscopic microscope observations proved that HC can also lead to a size reduction of sludge suspended particles. In addition to evaluate the HC treatment efficiency, in this work was also provided a brief discussion on the possible procedures to be followed for the safe and efficient sewage sludge disposal on land after it has been HC-treated. Graphical Abstract

ACS Style

Giuseppe Mancuso; Michela Langone; Rosa Di Maggio; Attilio Toscano; Gianni Andreottola. Effect of hydrodynamic cavitation on flocs structure in sewage sludge to increase stabilization for efficient and safe reuse in agriculture. Bioremediation Journal 2021, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Giuseppe Mancuso, Michela Langone, Rosa Di Maggio, Attilio Toscano, Gianni Andreottola. Effect of hydrodynamic cavitation on flocs structure in sewage sludge to increase stabilization for efficient and safe reuse in agriculture. Bioremediation Journal. 2021; ():1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giuseppe Mancuso; Michela Langone; Rosa Di Maggio; Attilio Toscano; Gianni Andreottola. 2021. "Effect of hydrodynamic cavitation on flocs structure in sewage sludge to increase stabilization for efficient and safe reuse in agriculture." Bioremediation Journal , no. : 1-12.

Review
Published: 11 March 2021 in Water
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The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), originating from China, has rapidly crossed borders, infecting people worldwide. While its transmission may occur predominantly via aerosolization of virus-laden droplets, the possibility of other routes of contagion via the environment necessitates considerable scientific consideration. SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA has been detected in the feces of infected persons, and studies also have reported its occurrence in wastewater and surface water bodies. Therefore, water may be a possible route of virus outbreaks. Agricultural irrigation is the largest use of water globally, accounting for 70% of water use worldwide. Ensuring adequate water quality within irrigation practices is fundamental to prevent harm to plants and soils, maintain food safety, and protect public health. This review aims to gather information on possible SARS-CoV-2 transmission routes within urban and rural water environments, looking into the detection, persistence, and fate of SARS-CoV-2. Based on published literature, the effect of current treatment technologies in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) on SARS-CoV-2 inactivation has also been investigated. Preliminary research efforts that concentrated on SARS-CoV-2 indicate that the risk of virus transmission from the aquatic environment may currently be non-existent, although a few studies have reported the presence of SARS-CoV RNA in soils, whereas there are still no studies on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in crops.

ACS Style

Giuseppe Mancuso; Giulio Perulli; Stevo Lavrnić; Brunella Morandi; Attilio Toscano. SARS-CoV-2 from Urban to Rural Water Environment: Occurrence, Persistence, Fate, and Influence on Agriculture Irrigation. A Review. Water 2021, 13, 764 .

AMA Style

Giuseppe Mancuso, Giulio Perulli, Stevo Lavrnić, Brunella Morandi, Attilio Toscano. SARS-CoV-2 from Urban to Rural Water Environment: Occurrence, Persistence, Fate, and Influence on Agriculture Irrigation. A Review. Water. 2021; 13 (6):764.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giuseppe Mancuso; Giulio Perulli; Stevo Lavrnić; Brunella Morandi; Attilio Toscano. 2021. "SARS-CoV-2 from Urban to Rural Water Environment: Occurrence, Persistence, Fate, and Influence on Agriculture Irrigation. A Review." Water 13, no. 6: 764.

Book chapter
Published: 06 August 2020 in Wastewater treatment and Reuse – Present and future perspectives in technological developments and management issues
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Climate change is exacerbating the existing water scarcity issue in the Mediterranean area, leading to unprecedented pressure on water supply, especially in arid regions. Current changes and future scenarios all indicate significant and increasing water demand during the coming decades. Water demand is further aggravated by the population growth, which consequently increases demand for crops and agricultural products. The use of reclaimed water (RW) seems to be a promising alternative and valuable water resource, particularly for agriculture, which is currently the main user of renewable water resources. In addition to preserving freshwaters, the use of RW for irrigation would represent a source of nutrients, namely nitrogen, phosphorus, and other salts, which are necessary for the physiological growth of crops. For the Mediterranean area, it was possible to investigate on the significance of the RW use through the comparison of different data such as the total amount of generated wastewater, which represents the potential of using RW as an irrigation source, and irrigation water requirement, respectively. The analysis showed that the use of RW could significantly decrease the current pressure on total renewable water resources, and therefore help to face water scarcity and climate change issues. Nevertheless, for the Mediterranean area, there are still limiting elements such as the non-existence of a univocal regulatory framework on the use of RW for irrigation purposes as well as a lack of data on real quantities of wastewater that are safely treated, collected and generated.

ACS Style

Giuseppe Mancuso; Stevo Lavrnić; Attilio Toscano. Reclaimed water to face agricultural water scarcity in the Mediterranean area: An overview using Sustainable Development Goals preliminary data. Wastewater treatment and Reuse – Present and future perspectives in technological developments and management issues 2020, 113 -143.

AMA Style

Giuseppe Mancuso, Stevo Lavrnić, Attilio Toscano. Reclaimed water to face agricultural water scarcity in the Mediterranean area: An overview using Sustainable Development Goals preliminary data. Wastewater treatment and Reuse – Present and future perspectives in technological developments and management issues. 2020; ():113-143.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giuseppe Mancuso; Stevo Lavrnić; Attilio Toscano. 2020. "Reclaimed water to face agricultural water scarcity in the Mediterranean area: An overview using Sustainable Development Goals preliminary data." Wastewater treatment and Reuse – Present and future perspectives in technological developments and management issues , no. : 113-143.

Review
Published: 27 January 2020 in Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering
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In the last decade, hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was increasingly used in the field of wastewater treatment. Due to its oxidative capability, HC was applied to treat aqueous effluents polluted by organic, toxic and bio-refractory contaminants, whereas its mechanical and chemical effects have allowed to disintegrate cells of microorganisms in biological applications. Due to their geometries, HC can be detected in some reactors, in which a variation of hydraulic parameters in the fluid such as flow pressure and flow velocity is induced. HC process involves the formation, growth, implosion and subsequent collapse of cavities, occurring in a very short period of time and releasing large magnitudes of power. In this paper, the vast literature on HC is critically reviewed, focusing on the basic principles behind it, in terms of process definition and analysis of governing mechanisms of both HC generation and pollutants degradation. The influence of various parameters on HC effectiveness was assessed, considering fluid properties, construction features of HC devices and technological aspects of processes. The synergetic effect of HC combined with chemicals or other techniques was discussed. An overview of the main devices used for HC generation and different existing methods to evaluate the cavitation effectiveness was provided. Knowledge buildup and optimization for such complex systems from mathematical modeling was highlighted.

ACS Style

Giuseppe Mancuso; Michela Langone; Gianni Andreottola. A critical review of the current technologies in wastewater treatment plants by using hydrodynamic cavitation process: principles and applications. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering 2020, 18, 311 -333.

AMA Style

Giuseppe Mancuso, Michela Langone, Gianni Andreottola. A critical review of the current technologies in wastewater treatment plants by using hydrodynamic cavitation process: principles and applications. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering. 2020; 18 (1):311-333.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giuseppe Mancuso; Michela Langone; Gianni Andreottola. 2020. "A critical review of the current technologies in wastewater treatment plants by using hydrodynamic cavitation process: principles and applications." Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering 18, no. 1: 311-333.

Journal article
Published: 23 August 2019 in Ultrasonics Sonochemistry
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WAS is a polluting and hazardous waste generated in WWTPs that must be treated to prevent pollution and human health risks. Anaerobic digestion is the most used process for sludge stabilization. However, it must be improved in terms of both speed and extend of degradation. With the purpose of reducing the energy and chemical consumption linked to sludge treatment, in this study, different anaerobic digestion pre-treatments such as low-level mechanical (hydrodynamic cavitation, 2 bar), low-level thermal (50 °C) and low-level alkaline (NaOH, KOH and Ca(OH)2, pH 10) methods, and a combination thereof, were tested as strategies to improve sludge solubilisation. When the pre-treatments were used alone, the alkaline pre-treatment showed the highest sludge solubilisation. Among the alkaline reagents tested, NaOH and KOH led to higher DDPCOD (41.6 and 39.4%), while only 8.4% was achieved by using Ca(OH)2. However, the low-level hydrodynamic cavitation assisted thermo-alkaline pre-treatment was the most efficient in terms of both sludge solubilisation (DDPCOD = 53.0%) and energy efficiency (EE = 64.5 mgΔSCOD kJ−1). The synergetic effects of the combined pre-treatment were also confirmed by the highest release of EPS. Furthermore, cytometric analyses showed that the main mechanism involved in sludge solubilisation for the investigated pre-treatments was flocs disintegration rather than cell lysis.

ACS Style

Giuseppe Mancuso; Michela Langone; Gianni Andreottola; Laura Bruni. Effects of hydrodynamic cavitation, low-level thermal and low-level alkaline pre-treatments on sludge solubilisation. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 2019, 59, 104750 .

AMA Style

Giuseppe Mancuso, Michela Langone, Gianni Andreottola, Laura Bruni. Effects of hydrodynamic cavitation, low-level thermal and low-level alkaline pre-treatments on sludge solubilisation. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 2019; 59 ():104750.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giuseppe Mancuso; Michela Langone; Gianni Andreottola; Laura Bruni. 2019. "Effects of hydrodynamic cavitation, low-level thermal and low-level alkaline pre-treatments on sludge solubilisation." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 59, no. : 104750.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2018 in Ultrasonics Sonochemistry
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In this work, a three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis of a swirling jet reactor was implemented to gain a better understanding of fluid dynamics into the reactor. The effect of different geometries of the reactor, by considering different diameters of the injection slots of the reactor, on flow velocity and flow pressure distributions was investigated. Firstly, a one-phase model was implemented by considering only water into the reactor. Then, a two-phase model was defined including dissolved air into the water. The inlet flow pressure was set to 0.25 bar to consider non-cavitating conditions and, then, to get more accurate results on fluid dynamics into the reactor due to the absence of cavitating conditions. Data collected from experimental tests were used to calibrate and validate the model. Results of numerical simulations were in good agreement with experimental data, showing for all the geometries a rotating flow around the central axis of the reactor and at the exit of the double cone. The highest flow velocities and flow pressure drops were observed for the reactor geometry with the smallest injection slots diameters. Finally, noise measurements were performed during another set of experimental tests by considering different inlet flow pressures.

ACS Style

Giuseppe Mancuso. Experimental and numerical investigation on performance of a swirling jet reactor. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 2018, 49, 241 -248.

AMA Style

Giuseppe Mancuso. Experimental and numerical investigation on performance of a swirling jet reactor. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 2018; 49 ():241-248.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giuseppe Mancuso. 2018. "Experimental and numerical investigation on performance of a swirling jet reactor." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 49, no. : 241-248.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2017 in Ultrasonics Sonochemistry
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In this work, a modified swirling jet induced hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) has been used for the pre-treatment of excess sludge. In order to both improve the HC treatment efficiencies and reduce the energy consumption, the effectiveness of the HC reactor on sludge disintegration and on aerobic biodegradability has been investigated at different operating conditions and parameters, such as temperature, inlet pressure, sludge total solid (TS) content and reactor geometry. The inlet pressure was related to the flow velocity and pressure drop. The best results in terms of sludge solubilisation were achieved after 2h of HC treatment, treating a 50.0gTSL and using the three heads Ecowirl system, at 35.0°C and 4.0bar. Chemical and respirometric tests proved that sludge solubilisation and aerobic biodegradability can be efficiently enhanced through HC pre-treatment technique. At the optimum operating conditions, the specific supplied energy has been varied from 3276 to 12,780kJkgTS in the HC treatment, by increasing the treatment time from 2 to 8 h, respectively. Low endogenous decay rates (b) were measured on the excess sludge at low specific supplied energy, revealing that only an alteration in floc structure was responsible for the sludge solubilisation. On the contrary, higher b values were measured at higher specific supplied energy, indicating that the sludge solubilisation was related to a decreasing biomass viability, as consequence of dead cells and/or disrupted cells (cell lysis).

ACS Style

Giuseppe Mancuso; Michela Langone; Gianni Andreottola. A swirling jet-induced cavitation to increase activated sludge solubilisation and aerobic sludge biodegradability. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 2017, 35, 489 -501.

AMA Style

Giuseppe Mancuso, Michela Langone, Gianni Andreottola. A swirling jet-induced cavitation to increase activated sludge solubilisation and aerobic sludge biodegradability. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 2017; 35 ():489-501.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giuseppe Mancuso; Michela Langone; Gianni Andreottola. 2017. "A swirling jet-induced cavitation to increase activated sludge solubilisation and aerobic sludge biodegradability." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 35, no. : 489-501.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2016 in Ultrasonics Sonochemistry
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A hydrodynamic cavitation reactor (Ecowirl) based on swirling jet-induced cavitation has been used in order to allow the degradation of a waste dye aqueous solution (Rhodamine B, RhB). Cavitation generated by Ecowirl reactor was directly compared with cavitation generated by using multiple hole orifice plates. The effects of operating conditions and parameters such as pressure, pH of dye solution, initial concentration of RhB and geometry of the cavitating devices on the degradation rate of RhB were discussed. In similar operative conditions, higher extents of degradation (ED) were obtained using Ecowirl reactor rather than orifice plate. An increase in the ED from 8.6% to 14.7% was observed moving from hole orifice plates to Ecowirl reactor. Intensification in ED of RhB by using hydrodynamic cavitation in presence of NaOCl as additive has been studied. It was found that the decolourization was most efficient for the combination of hydrodynamic cavitation and chemical oxidation as compared to chemical oxidation and hydrodynamic cavitation alone. The value of ED of 83.4% was reached in 37 min using Ecowirl combined with NaOCl (4.0 mg L−1) as compared to the 100 min needed by only mixing NaOCl at the same concentration. At last, the energetic consumptions of the cavitation devices have been evaluated. Increasing the ED and reducing the treatment time, Ecowirl reactor resulted to be more energy efficient as compared to hole orifice plates, Venturi and other swirling jet-induced cavitation devices, as reported in literature.

ACS Style

Giuseppe Mancuso; Michela Langone; Marco Laezza; Gianni Andreottola. Decolourization of Rhodamine B: A swirling jet-induced cavitation combined with NaOCl. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 2016, 32, 18 -30.

AMA Style

Giuseppe Mancuso, Michela Langone, Marco Laezza, Gianni Andreottola. Decolourization of Rhodamine B: A swirling jet-induced cavitation combined with NaOCl. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 2016; 32 ():18-30.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giuseppe Mancuso; Michela Langone; Marco Laezza; Gianni Andreottola. 2016. "Decolourization of Rhodamine B: A swirling jet-induced cavitation combined with NaOCl." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 32, no. : 18-30.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2016 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Aquifer contamination with diesel fuel is a worldwide environmental problem, and related available remediation technologies may not be adequately efficient, especially for the simultaneous treatment of both solid and water phases. In this paper, a lab-scale 2.45 GHz microwave (MW) treatment of an artificially diesel-contaminated aquifer was applied to investigate the effects of operating power (160, 350 and 500 W) and time on temperature profiles and contaminant removal from both solid and water phases. Results suggest that in diesel-contaminated aquifer MW remediation, power significantly influences the final reachable temperature and, consequently, contaminant removal kinetics. A maximum temperature of about 120 °C was reached at 500 W. Observed temperature values depended on the simultaneous irradiation of both aquifer grains and groundwater. In this case, solid phase heating is limited by the maximum temperature that interstitial water can reach before evaporation. A minimal residual diesel concentration of about 100 mg kg−1 or 100 mg L−1 was achieved by applying a power of 500 W for a time of 60 min for the solid or water phase, respectively. Measured residual TPH fractions showed that MW heating resulted in preferential effects of the removal of different TPH molecular weight fractions and that the evaporation-stripping phenomena plays a major role in final contaminant removal processes. The power low kinetic equation shows an excellent fit (r2 > 0.993) with the solid phase residual concentration observed for all the powers investigated. A maximum diesel removal of 88 or 80% was observed for the MW treatment of the solid or water phase, respectively, highlighting the possibility to successfully and simultaneously remediate both the aquifer phases. Consequently, MW, compared to other biological or chemical-physical treatments, appears to be a better choice for the fast remediation of diesel-contaminated aquifers.

ACS Style

Pietro Paolo Falciglia; Riccardo Maddalena; Giuseppe Mancuso; Valeria Messina; Federico G.A. Vagliasindi. Lab-scale investigation on remediation of diesel-contaminated aquifer using microwave energy. Journal of Environmental Management 2016, 167, 196 -205.

AMA Style

Pietro Paolo Falciglia, Riccardo Maddalena, Giuseppe Mancuso, Valeria Messina, Federico G.A. Vagliasindi. Lab-scale investigation on remediation of diesel-contaminated aquifer using microwave energy. Journal of Environmental Management. 2016; 167 ():196-205.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pietro Paolo Falciglia; Riccardo Maddalena; Giuseppe Mancuso; Valeria Messina; Federico G.A. Vagliasindi. 2016. "Lab-scale investigation on remediation of diesel-contaminated aquifer using microwave energy." Journal of Environmental Management 167, no. : 196-205.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2015 in Separation and Purification Technology
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This work aims to obtain essential data for the in situ application of microwave (MW) heating for hydrocarbon-polluted soil remediation. For this purpose, lab-scale experiments were performed and a dedicated computer code was developed and applied to simulate the phenomena induced by a MW treatment. MW process was modelled by means of the mono-dimensional transient equations of energy taking into account the interaction between the electromagnetic field and soil and conductivity phenomena. The model was validated by comparison with results from lab-scale experiments. Main results indicate that, after a MW irradiation of 6 days, the electric field was reduced by about one third of its initial value at a distance of 60 cm and, as a consequence, soil temperatures equal to and lower than 180 °C were observed. Overall, the thermal effect of the MW treatment was observed to affect a maximum distance of about 120 cm, and this allows the achievement of the contaminant removal in the range 50–99% for a maximum distance of 80 cm from MW source. Results are of scientific and practical interest and can be used to guide the design of in situ MW treatments. The proposed model provides good prediction of the experimental data and it can be applied to investigate further operating conditions (soil types, incident electric field applied, remediation time). It represents a powerful and suitable tool to predict the effectiveness of the MW techniques.

ACS Style

Pietro Paolo Falciglia; Giuseppe Mancuso; Pietro Scandura; Federico G.A. Vagliasindi. Effective decontamination of low dielectric hydrocarbon-polluted soils using microwave heating: Experimental investigation and modelling for in situ treatment. Separation and Purification Technology 2015, 156, 480 -488.

AMA Style

Pietro Paolo Falciglia, Giuseppe Mancuso, Pietro Scandura, Federico G.A. Vagliasindi. Effective decontamination of low dielectric hydrocarbon-polluted soils using microwave heating: Experimental investigation and modelling for in situ treatment. Separation and Purification Technology. 2015; 156 ():480-488.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pietro Paolo Falciglia; Giuseppe Mancuso; Pietro Scandura; Federico G.A. Vagliasindi. 2015. "Effective decontamination of low dielectric hydrocarbon-polluted soils using microwave heating: Experimental investigation and modelling for in situ treatment." Separation and Purification Technology 156, no. : 480-488.