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Arenaviruses cause chronic and asymptomatic infections in their natural host, rodents, and several arenaviruses cause severe hemorrhagic fever that has a high mortality in infected humans, seriously threatening public health. There are currently no FDA-licensed drugs available against arenaviruses; therefore, it is important to develop novel antiviral strategies to combat them, which would be facilitated by a detailed understanding of the interactions between the viruses and their hosts. To this end, we performed a transcriptomic analysis on cells infected with arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), a neglected human pathogen with clinical significance, and found that the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway was activated. A further investigation indicated that STAT3 could be activated by the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase L protein (Lp) of LCMV. Our functional analysis found that STAT3 cannot affect LCMV multiplication in A549 cells. We also found that STAT3 was activated by the Lp of Mopeia virus and Junin virus, suggesting that this activation may be conserved across certain arenaviruses. Our study explored the interactions between arenaviruses and STAT3, which may help us to better understand the molecular and cell biology of arenaviruses.
Qingxing Wang; Qilin Xin; Weijuan Shang; Weiwei Wan; Gengfu Xiao; Lei-Ke Zhang. Activation of the STAT3 Signaling Pathway by the RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Protein of Arenavirus. Viruses 2021, 13, 976 .
AMA StyleQingxing Wang, Qilin Xin, Weijuan Shang, Weiwei Wan, Gengfu Xiao, Lei-Ke Zhang. Activation of the STAT3 Signaling Pathway by the RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Protein of Arenavirus. Viruses. 2021; 13 (6):976.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQingxing Wang; Qilin Xin; Weijuan Shang; Weiwei Wan; Gengfu Xiao; Lei-Ke Zhang. 2021. "Activation of the STAT3 Signaling Pathway by the RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Protein of Arenavirus." Viruses 13, no. 6: 976.
With over 80 members worldwide, Orthobunyavirus is the largest genus in the Peribunyaviridae family. Orthobunyaviruses (OBVs) are arthropod-borne viruses that are structurally simple, with a trisegmented, negative-sense RNA genome and only four structural proteins. OBVs are potential agents of emerging and re-emerging diseases and overall represent a global threat to both public and veterinary health. The focus of this review is on the very first steps of OBV infection in mammalian hosts, from virus binding to penetration and release of the viral genome into the cytosol. Here, we address the most current knowledge and advances regarding OBV receptors, endocytosis, and fusion.
Stefan Windhaber; Qilin Xin; Pierre-Yves Lozach. Orthobunyaviruses: From Virus Binding to Penetration into Mammalian Host Cells. Viruses 2021, 13, 872 .
AMA StyleStefan Windhaber, Qilin Xin, Pierre-Yves Lozach. Orthobunyaviruses: From Virus Binding to Penetration into Mammalian Host Cells. Viruses. 2021; 13 (5):872.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefan Windhaber; Qilin Xin; Pierre-Yves Lozach. 2021. "Orthobunyaviruses: From Virus Binding to Penetration into Mammalian Host Cells." Viruses 13, no. 5: 872.
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne virus with high fatality and an expanding endemic. Currently, effective anti-SFTSV intervention remains unavailable. Favipiravir (T-705) was recently reported to show in vitro and in animal model antiviral efficacy against SFTSV. Here, we conducted a single-blind, randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety of T-705 in treating SFTS (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry website, number ChiCTR1900023350). From May to August 2018, laboratory-confirmed SFTS patients were recruited from a designated hospital and randomly assigned to receive oral T-705 in combination with supportive care or supportive care only. Fatal outcome occurred in 9.5% (7/74) of T-705 treated patients and 18.3% (13/71) of controls (odds ratio, 0.466, 95% CI, 0.174–1.247). Cox regression showed a significant reduction in case fatality rate (CFR) with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.366 (95% CI, 0.142–0.944). Among the low-viral load subgroup (RT-PCR cycle threshold ≥26), T-705 treatment significantly reduced CFR from 11.5 to 1.6% (P = 0.029), while no between-arm difference was observed in the high-viral load subgroup (RT-PCR cycle threshold <26). The T-705-treated group showed shorter viral clearance, lower incidence of hemorrhagic signs, and faster recovery of laboratory abnormities compared with the controls. The in vitro and animal experiments demonstrated that the antiviral efficacies of T-705 were proportionally induced by SFTSV mutation rates, particularly from two transition mutation types. The mutation analyses on T-705-treated serum samples disclosed a partially consistent mutagenesis pattern as those of the in vitro or animal experiments in reducing the SFTSV viral loads, further supporting the anti-SFTSV effect of T-705, especially for the low-viral loads.
Hao Li; Xia-Ming Jiang; Ning Cui; Chun Yuan; Shao-Fei Zhang; Qing-Bin Lu; Zhen-Dong Yang; Qin-Lin Xin; Ya-Bin Song; Xiao-Ai Zhang; Hai-Zhou Liu; Juan Du; Xue-Juan Fan; Lan Yuan; Yi-Mei Yuan; Zhen Wang; Juan Wang; Lan Zhang; Dong-Na Zhang; Zhi-Bo Wang; Ke Dai; Jie-Ying Bai; Zhao-Nian Hao; Hang Fan; Li-Qun Fang; Gengfu Xiao; Yang Yang; Ke Peng; Hong-Quan Wang; Jian-Xiong Li; Lei-Ke Zhang; Wei Liu. Clinical effect and antiviral mechanism of T-705 in treating severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2021, 6, 1 -13.
AMA StyleHao Li, Xia-Ming Jiang, Ning Cui, Chun Yuan, Shao-Fei Zhang, Qing-Bin Lu, Zhen-Dong Yang, Qin-Lin Xin, Ya-Bin Song, Xiao-Ai Zhang, Hai-Zhou Liu, Juan Du, Xue-Juan Fan, Lan Yuan, Yi-Mei Yuan, Zhen Wang, Juan Wang, Lan Zhang, Dong-Na Zhang, Zhi-Bo Wang, Ke Dai, Jie-Ying Bai, Zhao-Nian Hao, Hang Fan, Li-Qun Fang, Gengfu Xiao, Yang Yang, Ke Peng, Hong-Quan Wang, Jian-Xiong Li, Lei-Ke Zhang, Wei Liu. Clinical effect and antiviral mechanism of T-705 in treating severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy. 2021; 6 (1):1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHao Li; Xia-Ming Jiang; Ning Cui; Chun Yuan; Shao-Fei Zhang; Qing-Bin Lu; Zhen-Dong Yang; Qin-Lin Xin; Ya-Bin Song; Xiao-Ai Zhang; Hai-Zhou Liu; Juan Du; Xue-Juan Fan; Lan Yuan; Yi-Mei Yuan; Zhen Wang; Juan Wang; Lan Zhang; Dong-Na Zhang; Zhi-Bo Wang; Ke Dai; Jie-Ying Bai; Zhao-Nian Hao; Hang Fan; Li-Qun Fang; Gengfu Xiao; Yang Yang; Ke Peng; Hong-Quan Wang; Jian-Xiong Li; Lei-Ke Zhang; Wei Liu. 2021. "Clinical effect and antiviral mechanism of T-705 in treating severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome." Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 6, no. 1: 1-13.
Phenuiviridae is a large family of arthropod-borne viruses with over 100 species worldwide. Several cause severe diseases in both humans and livestock. Global warming and the apparent geographical expansion of arthropod vectors are good reasons to seriously consider these viruses potential agents of emerging diseases. With an increasing frequency and number of epidemics, some phenuiviruses represent a global threat to public and veterinary health. This review focuses on the early stage of phenuivirus infection in mammalian host cells. We address current knowledge on each step of the cell entry process, from virus binding to penetration into the cytosol. Virus receptors, endocytosis, and fusion mechanisms are discussed in light of the most recent progress on the entry of banda-, phlebo-, and uukuviruses, which together constitute the three prominent genera in the Phenuiviridae family.
Jana Koch; Qilin Xin; Nicole Tischler; Pierre-Yves Lozach. Entry of Phenuiviruses into Mammalian Host Cells. Viruses 2021, 13, 299 .
AMA StyleJana Koch, Qilin Xin, Nicole Tischler, Pierre-Yves Lozach. Entry of Phenuiviruses into Mammalian Host Cells. Viruses. 2021; 13 (2):299.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJana Koch; Qilin Xin; Nicole Tischler; Pierre-Yves Lozach. 2021. "Entry of Phenuiviruses into Mammalian Host Cells." Viruses 13, no. 2: 299.