The immune regulation function of ovotransferrin (OVT) explored using the RAW264.7 was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as vitro model in this study. The results showed that RAW264.7 cultured with OVT (200 μg/ml) alone not only enhanced the phagocytic activity and the production and expression of inflammatory factors, but also expression of toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene was significantly promoted by OVT. OVT (50 μg/ml) significantly inhibited the secretion and expression of inflammatory factors in LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7, but CD14 and TLR4 genes expressions were no obvious effects. Inflammatory cytokines and NO secreted by OVT‐induced macrophages pretreated with inhibitors of TLR4 were down‐regulated. We further verified the effects of OVT on inflammatory signaling pathway‐related proteins through immunofluorescence and western blotting, MyD88, TLR4 and the phosphorylation of IκBα and p65 were significantly promoted by OVT, but there was no significant effects on the phosphorylation of IRF3. OVT promoted the phosphorylation of ERK and p38 in RAW264.7 and inhibited the phosphorylated expression of MAPK in LPS‐mediated inflammation. These results indicated that OVT had the bidirectional immunoregulatory function through TLR4‐mediated NF‐κB/MAPK signaling pathway, that is, anti‐inflammatory effect of low concentration and immune‐enhancing activity of high concentration were showed. That provides a theoretical utilization for the development and utilization of OVT.

A simple method for capsaicin detection based on acyl nucleophilic substitution coupled with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy has been developed for the rapid screening and identification of gutter oil adulteration.