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Pyridaben, an inhibitor of mitochondrial electron transport at complex I, is authorized in Egypt as an insecticide/acaricide for strawberries and cucumbers; thus the investigation of residues in the final consumed product is essential as to ensure consumer safety and trade barriers. Therefore, residue trials were conducted according to the in force and more critical Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) as to investigate the dissipation rate of the compound on both crops and the terminal residues in the final products. Results showed that the residue decline fits a first-order decay process with calculated half-lives of 1 and 6.4 days for cucumbers and strawberries, respectively. Dietary risk assessment was performed based on the risk quotients (RQ) method and the EFSA PRIMo model demonstrating that the dietary exposure to pyridaben residues from cucumber and strawberry consumption, applied either according to the in force or more critical GAPs, does not pose unacceptable health risk to Egyptian and European consumers.
Farag Malhat; El-Sayed Saber; Chris Anagnostopoulos; Shokr Abdelsalam Shokr. Dissipation behavior and dietary risk assessment of pyridaben in open field strawberries and cucumber under Egyptian cultivation conditions. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 1 -8.
AMA StyleFarag Malhat, El-Sayed Saber, Chris Anagnostopoulos, Shokr Abdelsalam Shokr. Dissipation behavior and dietary risk assessment of pyridaben in open field strawberries and cucumber under Egyptian cultivation conditions. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; ():1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarag Malhat; El-Sayed Saber; Chris Anagnostopoulos; Shokr Abdelsalam Shokr. 2021. "Dissipation behavior and dietary risk assessment of pyridaben in open field strawberries and cucumber under Egyptian cultivation conditions." Environmental Science and Pollution Research , no. : 1-8.
Pyraclostrobin is a strobilurin fungicide and widely used in Egypt for the protection of cucumber cultivation from several high-risk diseases. We have investigated (1) consumer safety after pyraclostrobin treatment in cucumbers and (2) its residue behavior. Supervised field trials were conducted to estimate the dynamics and terminal residues of pyraclostrobin in cucumbers grown under Egyptian climatic conditions and several agricultural practices, including worst case scenarios. For the determination of residues in fruits, a QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe)-based protocol coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was employed and successfully validated at a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.001 mg kg−1. The decline of pyraclostrobin residues in fruits fit a first-order decay process with a calculated t1/2 of 2.26 days and a significant degradation (99%) after 14 days. A consumer risk assessment was performed employing both FAO/WHO and EFSA approaches. No significant health risks after the consumption of treated cucumbers were identified.
Farag Malhat; Chris Anagnostopoulos; El-Sayed Saber; Shokr Abdelsalam Shokr. Dissipation kinetics and risk assessment of pyraclostrobin after open field application in cucumber under Egyptian conditions. Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety 2021, 1 -9.
AMA StyleFarag Malhat, Chris Anagnostopoulos, El-Sayed Saber, Shokr Abdelsalam Shokr. Dissipation kinetics and risk assessment of pyraclostrobin after open field application in cucumber under Egyptian conditions. Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety. 2021; ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarag Malhat; Chris Anagnostopoulos; El-Sayed Saber; Shokr Abdelsalam Shokr. 2021. "Dissipation kinetics and risk assessment of pyraclostrobin after open field application in cucumber under Egyptian conditions." Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety , no. : 1-9.
In 2017 and 2018, a field survey was initiated on Greek olive orchards to investigate the attractiveness of bait spray applications and the impact of cover and bait sprays applied against the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae), on the honeybee, Apis mellifera L. and bumblebees Bombus terrestris, by investigating the pesticides’ residual prevalence. Bee colonies were evenly distributed in three sites located on coastal areas of Western Crete and visited almost weekly between July and October. Samples collected, were analyzed using existing or developed-optimized liquid and gas chromatographic methods. In bee samples, concentrations varied from 0.0013 to 2.3 mg/kg for dimethoate, from 0.0013–0.059 mg/kg for its metabolite omethoate, and from 0.0035 to 0.63 mg/kg regarding the pyrethroids, β-cyfluthrin and λ-cyhalothrin. In one bee sample dimethoate concentration exceeded both acute oral and contact median lethal dose (LD50). Residue findings in bees, along with verified olive oil residues corroborated that those insecticides had been applied in the olive orchards and transferred to bees. The possibility of non-target effects of the bait sprays to the bees, as well as the impact of the contaminated olive to the bees are discussed.
Kyriaki Varikou; Konstantinos M. Kasiotis; Eleftheria Bempelou; Electra Manea-Karga; Chris Anagnostopoulos; Angeliki Charalampous; Nikos Garantonakis; Athanasia Birouraki; Fani Hatjina; Kyriaki Machera. A Pesticide Residues Insight on Honeybees, Bumblebees and Olive Oil after Pesticidal Applications against the Olive Fruit Fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae). Insects 2020, 11, 855 .
AMA StyleKyriaki Varikou, Konstantinos M. Kasiotis, Eleftheria Bempelou, Electra Manea-Karga, Chris Anagnostopoulos, Angeliki Charalampous, Nikos Garantonakis, Athanasia Birouraki, Fani Hatjina, Kyriaki Machera. A Pesticide Residues Insight on Honeybees, Bumblebees and Olive Oil after Pesticidal Applications against the Olive Fruit Fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae). Insects. 2020; 11 (12):855.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKyriaki Varikou; Konstantinos M. Kasiotis; Eleftheria Bempelou; Electra Manea-Karga; Chris Anagnostopoulos; Angeliki Charalampous; Nikos Garantonakis; Athanasia Birouraki; Fani Hatjina; Kyriaki Machera. 2020. "A Pesticide Residues Insight on Honeybees, Bumblebees and Olive Oil after Pesticidal Applications against the Olive Fruit Fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Insects 11, no. 12: 855.
Farag Malhat; El-Sayed Saber; Shokr Abd El-Salam; Chris Anagnostopoulos; Mohamed Tawfic Ahmed. Dissipation behavior of the fungicide tebuconazole in strawberries using liquid chromatograph tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), a dryland ecosystem–based study. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 2020, 1 -15.
AMA StyleFarag Malhat, El-Sayed Saber, Shokr Abd El-Salam, Chris Anagnostopoulos, Mohamed Tawfic Ahmed. Dissipation behavior of the fungicide tebuconazole in strawberries using liquid chromatograph tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), a dryland ecosystem–based study. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 2020; ():1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarag Malhat; El-Sayed Saber; Shokr Abd El-Salam; Chris Anagnostopoulos; Mohamed Tawfic Ahmed. 2020. "Dissipation behavior of the fungicide tebuconazole in strawberries using liquid chromatograph tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), a dryland ecosystem–based study." International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry , no. : 1-15.
Thiophanate methyl is a broad-spectrum benzimidazole fungicide extensively applied in pre- and post-harvest, for the control of a wide range of fruit and vegetable pathogens. In the current work, the residue behavior of thiophanate methyl after application on strawberries and an estimation of the consumer dietary exposure was performed. Supervised field trials were conducted in Egypt (Qaluobiya Governorate) as to investigate the residue dynamics and terminal residues at different PHIs of thiophanate methyl and its metabolite carbendazim in strawberries under Egyptian conditions. For the measurement of residues in fruits, a QuEChERS-based protocol coupled with LC–MS/MS was optimized and successfully validated at 0.01 mg kg−1. The half-life (t1/2) of thiophanate methyl in strawberries was estimated, and a dietary risk assessment was performed employing both FAO/WHO and EFSA approaches.
Farag Malhat; Osama Abdallah; Fayza Ahmed; Shokr Abdel Salam; Chris Anagnostopoulos; Mohamed Tawfic Ahmed. Dissipation behavior of thiophanate-methyl in strawberry under open field condition in Egypt and consumer risk assessment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, 28, 1029 -1039.
AMA StyleFarag Malhat, Osama Abdallah, Fayza Ahmed, Shokr Abdel Salam, Chris Anagnostopoulos, Mohamed Tawfic Ahmed. Dissipation behavior of thiophanate-methyl in strawberry under open field condition in Egypt and consumer risk assessment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; 28 (1):1029-1039.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarag Malhat; Osama Abdallah; Fayza Ahmed; Shokr Abdel Salam; Chris Anagnostopoulos; Mohamed Tawfic Ahmed. 2020. "Dissipation behavior of thiophanate-methyl in strawberry under open field condition in Egypt and consumer risk assessment." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 1: 1029-1039.
The degradation under field conditions and the residue behavior of etoxazole during juicing and purée making was evaluated. Etoxazole residues were determined by HPLC-UV at six different Pre Harvest Intervals (PHIs) as to estimate the degradation of residue in fruits. Samples with significant residues were processed and residue were determined after juicing and purée making. The effect of washing was also estimated. Processing Factors (PFs) for etoxazole after each step were less than 1 and the PFs of the overall processes were lower than 0.85 for washing fruits, 0.13 for juice and 0.04 for purée. The studied processes could obviously reduce the pesticide residues that are present in the raw strawberries. Uncertainties in the use of the PFs were identified due to the potential formation of metabolites during the processes.
Farag Malhat; Chris Anagnostopoulos. Residue behavior of etoxazole under field conditions in Egypt and estimation of processing factors during the production of strawberry juice and purée. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 2020, 55, 712 -718.
AMA StyleFarag Malhat, Chris Anagnostopoulos. Residue behavior of etoxazole under field conditions in Egypt and estimation of processing factors during the production of strawberry juice and purée. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B. 2020; 55 (8):712-718.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarag Malhat; Chris Anagnostopoulos. 2020. "Residue behavior of etoxazole under field conditions in Egypt and estimation of processing factors during the production of strawberry juice and purée." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 55, no. 8: 712-718.
A new simple analytical method was developed for the identification and quantification of aloin in aloe gel. The extraction was performed using acetonitrile acidified with formic acid (1%, v/v) with no additional cleanup step. The compound was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (QqQ). The recovery rates obtained were between 80 and 110% with a relative standard deviation < 26%, at four different concentration levels. The calculated limit of quantification (LOQ) was at 0.05 mg kg−1.
Chris Anagnostopoulos; George Ampadogiannis. Development and Validation of an Analytical Method for the Determination of Aloin Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Food Analytical Methods 2020, 13, 1409 -1420.
AMA StyleChris Anagnostopoulos, George Ampadogiannis. Development and Validation of an Analytical Method for the Determination of Aloin Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Food Analytical Methods. 2020; 13 (7):1409-1420.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChris Anagnostopoulos; George Ampadogiannis. 2020. "Development and Validation of an Analytical Method for the Determination of Aloin Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry." Food Analytical Methods 13, no. 7: 1409-1420.
Wheat is a major component of the Northern European diet and contributes significantly to dietary pesticide exposure. Here we report results of a 2-year retail survey, which compared pesticide residues in organic and conventional, whole-grain and white, common and Spelt wheat flour brands available in the UK and Germany. Pesticide residues were detected significantly more frequently in conventional (87%) than organic (25%) flour samples. Chlormequat, a plant growth regulator, was the most frequently detected compound. Total concentrations of pesticide residues were (a) ~4 times higher in conventional than organic, (b) ~100% higher in common than Spelt wheat flour and (c) ~110% higher in conventional whole-grain than white flour samples, but (d) not significantly different in organic whole-grain and white flour. Results suggest that the use of organic wheat products allows increased whole-grain cereal consumption in line with nutritional recommendations, without an increase in dietary pesticide intake.
Juan Wang; Gultakin Hasanalieva; Liza Wood; Christos Anagnostopoulos; Georgios Ampadogiannis; Eleftheria Bempelou; Maroula Kiousi; Emilia Markellou; Per Ole Iversen; Chris Seal; Marcin Baranski; Vanessa Vigar; Carlo Leifert; Leonidas Rempelos. Effect of wheat species (Triticum aestivum vs T. spelta), farming system (organic vs conventional) and flour type (wholegrain vs white) on composition of wheat flour – Results of a retail survey in the UK and Germany – 3. Pesticide residue content. Food Chemistry: X 2020, 7, 100089 .
AMA StyleJuan Wang, Gultakin Hasanalieva, Liza Wood, Christos Anagnostopoulos, Georgios Ampadogiannis, Eleftheria Bempelou, Maroula Kiousi, Emilia Markellou, Per Ole Iversen, Chris Seal, Marcin Baranski, Vanessa Vigar, Carlo Leifert, Leonidas Rempelos. Effect of wheat species (Triticum aestivum vs T. spelta), farming system (organic vs conventional) and flour type (wholegrain vs white) on composition of wheat flour – Results of a retail survey in the UK and Germany – 3. Pesticide residue content. Food Chemistry: X. 2020; 7 ():100089.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Wang; Gultakin Hasanalieva; Liza Wood; Christos Anagnostopoulos; Georgios Ampadogiannis; Eleftheria Bempelou; Maroula Kiousi; Emilia Markellou; Per Ole Iversen; Chris Seal; Marcin Baranski; Vanessa Vigar; Carlo Leifert; Leonidas Rempelos. 2020. "Effect of wheat species (Triticum aestivum vs T. spelta), farming system (organic vs conventional) and flour type (wholegrain vs white) on composition of wheat flour – Results of a retail survey in the UK and Germany – 3. Pesticide residue content." Food Chemistry: X 7, no. : 100089.
Picoxystrobin is a synthetic strobilurin fungicide widely used in Egypt to control downy and powdery mildews, a risk that is significant also in cultivating strawberries. In the current work, the safety to consumers from the use of picoxystrobin in strawberries along with its residue behaviour was studied. Supervised field trials were conducted to investigate the residue dynamics and terminal residues of picoxystrobin in strawberries under Egyptian conditions for several agricultural practices including worst-case scenarios. For the measurement of residues in fruit, a QuEChERS-based protocol coupled with LC–MS/MS was employed and successfully validated at 0.001 mg kg−1. A decline of picoxystrobin residues in fruit fitted a first-order decay process with a calculated t1/2 of 5.4 days with a significant degradation (79%) after 14 days. A consumer risk assessment was performed employing both FAO/WHO and EFSA approaches, in which no significant health risks after consumption of strawberries were identified.
Farag Malhat; El-Sayed Saber; Alaa Sayed Amin; Chris Anagnostopoulos; Shokr Abdelsalam Shokr. Magnitude of picoxystrobin residues in strawberry under Egyptian conditions: dissipation pattern and consumer risk assessment. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 2020, 37, 973 -982.
AMA StyleFarag Malhat, El-Sayed Saber, Alaa Sayed Amin, Chris Anagnostopoulos, Shokr Abdelsalam Shokr. Magnitude of picoxystrobin residues in strawberry under Egyptian conditions: dissipation pattern and consumer risk assessment. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A. 2020; 37 (6):973-982.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarag Malhat; El-Sayed Saber; Alaa Sayed Amin; Chris Anagnostopoulos; Shokr Abdelsalam Shokr. 2020. "Magnitude of picoxystrobin residues in strawberry under Egyptian conditions: dissipation pattern and consumer risk assessment." Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 37, no. 6: 973-982.
Etoxazole is a systemic acaricide widely used in several crops with important significance in strawberries in order to control mites. Consequently, the presence of etoxazole residues in strawberries cannot be excluded. But, are these residues safe for the consumers and in compliance with the regulatory limits? To address these questions, the dissipation kinetics and the terminal residue of etoxazole in field strawberry fruits in Egypt were investigated and a dietary exposure risk assessment was performed. A decline of etoxazole residues in strawberries as a first-order decay process demonstrating a half-life (t1/2) of 2.8 days and a significant degradation (97.7%) after 14 days. In all cases, variability factors estimated for etoxazole in strawberries were stable ranging from 1.50 to 1.94 at several preharvest intervals. Regarding the compliance with EUMRLs, the selection of the appropriate preharvest interval was critical. No evident risk to consumers was identified from the consumption of outdoor strawberries following the Good Agricultural Practices in Egypt.
Ayman Saber; Farag Malhat; Chris Anagnostopoulos; Konstantinos M. Kasiotis. Evaluation of dissipation, unit–unit-variability and terminal residue of etoxazole residues in strawberries from two different parts in Egypt. Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety 2020, 15, 229 -236.
AMA StyleAyman Saber, Farag Malhat, Chris Anagnostopoulos, Konstantinos M. Kasiotis. Evaluation of dissipation, unit–unit-variability and terminal residue of etoxazole residues in strawberries from two different parts in Egypt. Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety. 2020; 15 (3):229-236.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAyman Saber; Farag Malhat; Chris Anagnostopoulos; Konstantinos M. Kasiotis. 2020. "Evaluation of dissipation, unit–unit-variability and terminal residue of etoxazole residues in strawberries from two different parts in Egypt." Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety 15, no. 3: 229-236.
In 2017, an outbreak regarding the release to the market of contaminated eggs with fipronil, alerted all EU authorities as to monitor and take relevant measures. In Greece, a total of 40 samples of poultry fat and eggs taken from the primary production (poultry farms) were analyzed, as to investigate the occurrence of fipronil residues. For the analysis of the samples, a simple and cost effective sample preparation procedure using freezing as the cleanup step was used, in conjunction with liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry, to identify and quantify fipronil and its sulfone metabolite in poultry fat and eggs. Mean recoveries in the range 69.3–120.3% with all relative standard deviations <18.8% were obtained for both analytes and both matrices. The limit of quantification of the method was set at 0.0025 mg/kg−1. The matrix effect was evaluated and the quantification of the analytes was conducted using matrix matched calibration standards.
Chris Anagnostopoulos; George Ampadogiannis; Eleftheria Bempelou; Konstantinos Liapis; Eirini Kastellanou. The 2017 fipronil egg contamination incident: The case of Greece. Journal of Food Safety 2019, 40, 1 .
AMA StyleChris Anagnostopoulos, George Ampadogiannis, Eleftheria Bempelou, Konstantinos Liapis, Eirini Kastellanou. The 2017 fipronil egg contamination incident: The case of Greece. Journal of Food Safety. 2019; 40 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChris Anagnostopoulos; George Ampadogiannis; Eleftheria Bempelou; Konstantinos Liapis; Eirini Kastellanou. 2019. "The 2017 fipronil egg contamination incident: The case of Greece." Journal of Food Safety 40, no. 1: 1.
Incidents of using naphthalene in olive orchards as a repellent of olive fly (Bactrocera oleae) have recently been recorded. Naphthalene, the primary ingredient of mothballs, is described to be diluted in plastic bottles and hanged on the trees releasing its characteristic odor which is supposed to repel olive fly. Since naphthalene has been characterized as possibly carcinogenic to humans and animals, it was considered essential to monitor olive oils regarding their potential contamination with this specific pollutant. To this goal, a simple, sensitive and reliable analytical method for the determination of naphthalene in olive oil has been developed. The method involves extraction with ethyl acetate: acetonitrile (1:1) and determination of naphthalene using gas chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The method was validated in four fortification levels, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 mg/kg in accordance with the EU requirements. The obtained results were acceptable as far as validation criteria are concerned, given recoveries between 71% and 87% and RSDs between 5% and 24%. The limit of determination for naphthalene was set at 0.005 mg/kg based on the lowest concentration level being validated with acceptable accuracy. The analytical technique was successfully applied to 75 olive oil samples collected from oil mills in Greece and no positive results of naphthalene were detected.
Eleftheria Bempelou; Chris Anagnostopoulos; Konstantinos Liapis. Investigation of naphthalene contamination in olive oil from Greece. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 2019, 101, 45 -58.
AMA StyleEleftheria Bempelou, Chris Anagnostopoulos, Konstantinos Liapis. Investigation of naphthalene contamination in olive oil from Greece. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry. 2019; 101 (1-2):45-58.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEleftheria Bempelou; Chris Anagnostopoulos; Konstantinos Liapis. 2019. "Investigation of naphthalene contamination in olive oil from Greece." Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 101, no. 1-2: 45-58.
Populations are exposed to mixtures of pesticides through their diet on a daily basis. The question of which substances should be assessed together remains a major challenge due to the complexity of the mixtures. In addition, the associated risk is difficult to characterise. The EuroMix project (European Test and Risk Assessment Strategies for Mixtures) has developed a strategy for mixture risk assessment. In particular, it has proposed a methodology that combines exposures and hazard information to identify relevant mixtures of chemicals belonging to any cumulative assessment group (CAG) to which the European population is exposed via food. For the purposes of this study, food consumption and pesticide residue data in food and drinking water were obtained from national surveys in nine European countries. Mixtures of pesticides were identified by a sparse non-negative matrix underestimation (SNMU) applied to the specific liver steatosis effect in children from 11 to 15 years of age, and in adults from 18 to 64 years of age in nine European countries. Exposures and mixtures of 144 pesticides were evaluated through four different scenarios: (1) chronic exposure with a merged concentration dataset in the adult population, (2) chronic exposure with country-specific concentration datasets in the adult population, (3) acute exposure with a merged concentration dataset in the adult population, and (4) chronic exposure with a merged concentration dataset in the paediatric population. The relative potency factors of each substance were calculated to express their potency relative to flusilazole, which was chosen as the reference compound. The selection of mixtures and the evaluation of exposures for each country were carried out using the Monte Carlo Risk Assessment (MCRA) software. Concerning chronic exposure, one mixture explained the largest proportion of the total variance for each country, while in acute exposure, several mixtures were often involved. The results showed that there were 15 main pesticides in the mixtures, with a high contribution of imazalil and dithiocarbamate. Since the concentrations provided by the different countries were merged in the scenario using merged concentration data, differences between countries result from differences in food consumption behaviours. These results support the approach that using merged concentration data to estimate exposures in Europe seems to be realistic, as foods are traded across European borders. The originality of the proposed approach was to start from a CAG and to integrate information from combined exposures to identify a refined list of mixtures with fewer components. As this approach was sensitive to the input data and required significant resources, efforts should continue regarding data collection and harmonisation among the different aspects within the pesticides regulatory framework, and to develop methods to group substances and mixtures to characterise the risk.
Amélie Crépet; Marie Vanacker; Corinne Sprong; Waldo de Boer; Urska Blaznik; Marc Kennedy; Chris Anagnostopoulos; Despo Louca Christodoulou; Jiří Ruprich; Irena Rehurkova; José Luis Domingo; Bodil Hamborg Jensen; Francesca Metruccio; Angelo Moretto; Liesbeth Jacxsens; Pieter Spanoghe; David Senaeve; Hilko van der Voet; Jacob van Klaveren. Selecting mixtures on the basis of dietary exposure and hazard data: application to pesticide exposure in the European population in relation to steatosis. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 2018, 222, 291 -306.
AMA StyleAmélie Crépet, Marie Vanacker, Corinne Sprong, Waldo de Boer, Urska Blaznik, Marc Kennedy, Chris Anagnostopoulos, Despo Louca Christodoulou, Jiří Ruprich, Irena Rehurkova, José Luis Domingo, Bodil Hamborg Jensen, Francesca Metruccio, Angelo Moretto, Liesbeth Jacxsens, Pieter Spanoghe, David Senaeve, Hilko van der Voet, Jacob van Klaveren. Selecting mixtures on the basis of dietary exposure and hazard data: application to pesticide exposure in the European population in relation to steatosis. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. 2018; 222 (2):291-306.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmélie Crépet; Marie Vanacker; Corinne Sprong; Waldo de Boer; Urska Blaznik; Marc Kennedy; Chris Anagnostopoulos; Despo Louca Christodoulou; Jiří Ruprich; Irena Rehurkova; José Luis Domingo; Bodil Hamborg Jensen; Francesca Metruccio; Angelo Moretto; Liesbeth Jacxsens; Pieter Spanoghe; David Senaeve; Hilko van der Voet; Jacob van Klaveren. 2018. "Selecting mixtures on the basis of dietary exposure and hazard data: application to pesticide exposure in the European population in relation to steatosis." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 222, no. 2: 291-306.
A 1-year monitoring study is presented on the chemical status of two surface water reservoirs in a decentralized Mediterranean island. Water samples were collected at varying depths in the two surface water reservoirs and different seasons between November 2015 and September 2016, covering both wet and dry periods of the year. Samples were analyzed in order to determine major chemical parameters and priority substances based on the EU Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) and the latest revision of the Priority Substances Policy Directive (2013/39/EU). Tested parameters in both reservoirs did not exceed the set limits. Increased pollutant concentrations were observed in the bottom samples. More than 200 pesticide active substances were determined but none of them was above the parametric trigger value (0.1 μg L−1). Toxic metals were not detected in the examined water samples, whereas the relatively high concentrations of Mn and Cu in the bottom samples are mainly attributed to geogenic background concentrations. Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the chemical situation of both water reservoirs is considered acceptable; however, continuous monitoring should be implemented in the area.
G. Pavlidis; E. Ploumistou; H. Karasali; K. Liapis; Chris Anagnostopoulos; A. Charalampous; Dimitrios Alexakis; D. Gamvroula; Vassilios A. Tsihrintzis. Evaluation of the water quality status of two surface water reservoirs in a Mediterranean island. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2018, 190, 570 .
AMA StyleG. Pavlidis, E. Ploumistou, H. Karasali, K. Liapis, Chris Anagnostopoulos, A. Charalampous, Dimitrios Alexakis, D. Gamvroula, Vassilios A. Tsihrintzis. Evaluation of the water quality status of two surface water reservoirs in a Mediterranean island. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2018; 190 (10):570.
Chicago/Turabian StyleG. Pavlidis; E. Ploumistou; H. Karasali; K. Liapis; Chris Anagnostopoulos; A. Charalampous; Dimitrios Alexakis; D. Gamvroula; Vassilios A. Tsihrintzis. 2018. "Evaluation of the water quality status of two surface water reservoirs in a Mediterranean island." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 190, no. 10: 570.
The Carry over effect, i.e. the appearance of a peak in the chromatogram of a blank analysis due to sample remaining from the previous analysis, was studied. The study was conducted for pesticide residues analysis by LC-MS/MS. In total 128 pesticides that belong to 13 different chemical classes were analyzed in order to investigate the cases that the effect is significant; i.e. a peak higher than 1% of the peak of the previous chromatogram appears. Carry over was found for 32 of the 128 studied pesticides (25%), at concentration levels between the LOD and 0.167 μg/mL. For 28 out of the 32 substances, more than two injections of a blank sample were required, as to reduce the effect significantly. Compounds presenting Carry over effect were mainly non-polar with logkow values between 4 and 7, characterized with very low water solubility, between 0.001 mg/L and 2 mg/L. On the contrary, the vapor pressure did not seem to be obviously related to the effect, as the substances presenting Carry over had various vapor pressure values, from 10-12 to 0.2 mP.
G. Miliadis; P. Malatou; P. Tsiantas; A. Vrettakou; V. I. Evangelou; Chris Anagnostopoulos; G. Siragakis. Carry over effect in pesticide residues analysis by LC - MS/ MS. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 2018, 68, 607 -612.
AMA StyleG. Miliadis, P. Malatou, P. Tsiantas, A. Vrettakou, V. I. Evangelou, Chris Anagnostopoulos, G. Siragakis. Carry over effect in pesticide residues analysis by LC - MS/ MS. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society. 2018; 68 (4):607-612.
Chicago/Turabian StyleG. Miliadis; P. Malatou; P. Tsiantas; A. Vrettakou; V. I. Evangelou; Chris Anagnostopoulos; G. Siragakis. 2018. "Carry over effect in pesticide residues analysis by LC - MS/ MS." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 68, no. 4: 607-612.
Field and lab trials took place in Crete (July to September 2016), concerning the residual degradation and toxicity of seven active ingredients applied as bait sprays against the olive fruit fly. Highest residues were recorded in olive leaves for dimethoate and phosmet (~ 60 mg/kg) immediately after application (day 1+), while a threefold and fivefold reduction was observed 1 week later, respectively. Residues of pyrethroids were determined at lower levels (< 10 mg/kg) but remained almost stable for a longer period of time. Finally, thiacloprid and spinosad residues were determined at 5.81 and 0.19 mg/kg respectively (day 1+), and rapidly decreased below the LOQ. Highest toxicity against the olive fruit fly was observed just right after the application of dimethoate (100%), a-cypermethrin (80%), and l-cyhalothrin (72.92%). Although the toxicity of dimethoate was significantly reduced 1 week after the application (80%) and then minimized, toxicity of pyrethroids remained almost stable (> 60%) for the first 2 weeks and then decreased to 30–40%, which remained stable up to the end of the study (8 weeks). Concerning phosmet, its toxicity ranged from 35 to 56% for 3 weeks with no significant reduction, while spinosad presented a lower toxicity profile (50% only for 1 week). The benefits of these results in the knowledge of insecticide residues and their toxicity against olive fruit fly can be used for improving olive fruit fly control.
Kyriaki Varikou; Nikos Garantonakis; Maria Marketaki; Angeliki Charalampous; Chris Anagnostopoulos; Eleftheria Bempelou. Residual degradation and toxicity of insecticides against Bactrocera oleae. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2017, 25, 479 -489.
AMA StyleKyriaki Varikou, Nikos Garantonakis, Maria Marketaki, Angeliki Charalampous, Chris Anagnostopoulos, Eleftheria Bempelou. Residual degradation and toxicity of insecticides against Bactrocera oleae. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2017; 25 (1):479-489.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKyriaki Varikou; Nikos Garantonakis; Maria Marketaki; Angeliki Charalampous; Chris Anagnostopoulos; Eleftheria Bempelou. 2017. "Residual degradation and toxicity of insecticides against Bactrocera oleae." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no. 1: 479-489.
Based on the EFSA proposal ‘Survey on sterigmatocystin in food’ (GP/EFSA/CONTAM/2013/02), this study provides a survey on the occurrence of this mycotoxin. A total of 1,259 samples of cereal grains (429), cereal products (713), beer (53) and nuts (64) were analysed for the presence of sterigmatocystin (STC). Samples were mainly collected at processing plants, storage facilities, wholesale and retail between August 2013 and November 2014, in nine European countries, mostly Greece, Italy, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. The products originated from 27 European countries and 18 other countries. All samples were analysed by methods based on liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.5 µg/kg and the limit of detection (LOD) was in the range 0.05-0.15 µg/kg (0.005-0.01 µg/l for beer). Overall, STC was identified in 10% of the samples; it was not detected in either beer or nut samples. More than 50% of the contaminated samples contained levels between LOD and LOQ; in the other cases, levels were between 0.5-6 µg/kg with one exception (33 µg/kg in oats). In cereal grains, rice and oats seemed the cereals most prone to STC contamination (100% unprocessed rice, 22% oats grains); however the number of rice samples was limited (n=28) and the samples were collected almost exclusively in Italy and Greece. In cereal products, levels were lower than in cereal grains. The highest incidence was in processed rice (21%) and breakfast cereals (19%), while for the other cereal products this was between 5-7%. In the contaminated cereal products, rice and oats were often present as ingredients.
Hans Mol; S.J. Mac Donald; Chris Anagnostopoulos; M. Spanjer; T. Bertuzzi; A. Pietri. European survey on sterigmatocystin in cereals, cereals-based products, beer and nuts. World Mycotoxin Journal 2016, 9, 633 -642.
AMA StyleHans Mol, S.J. Mac Donald, Chris Anagnostopoulos, M. Spanjer, T. Bertuzzi, A. Pietri. European survey on sterigmatocystin in cereals, cereals-based products, beer and nuts. World Mycotoxin Journal. 2016; 9 (4):633-642.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHans Mol; S.J. Mac Donald; Chris Anagnostopoulos; M. Spanjer; T. Bertuzzi; A. Pietri. 2016. "European survey on sterigmatocystin in cereals, cereals-based products, beer and nuts." World Mycotoxin Journal 9, no. 4: 633-642.
One of the recent trends in Analytical Chemistry is the development of economic, quick and easy hyphenated methods to be used in a field that includes analytes of different classes and physicochemical properties. In this work a multi-residue method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 28 xenobiotics (polar and hydrophilic) using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography technique (HILIC) coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technology. The scope of the method includes plant growth regulators (chlormequat, daminozide, diquat, maleic hydrazide, mepiquat, paraquat), pesticides (cyromazine, the metabolite of the fungicide propineb PTU (propylenethiourea), amitrole), various multiclass antibiotics (tetracyclines, sulfonamides quinolones, kasugamycin and mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1, B2, fumonisin B1 and ochratoxin A). Isolation of the analytes from the matrix was achieved with a fast and effective technique. The validation of the multi-residue method was performed at the levels: 10 μg/kg and 100 μg/kg in the following representative substrates: fruits-vegetables (apples, apricots, lettuce and onions), cereals and pulses (flour and chickpeas), animal products (milk and meat) and cereal based baby foods. The method was validated taking into consideration EU guidelines and showed acceptable linearity (r ≥ 0.99), accuracy with recoveries between 70 and 120% and precision with RSD ≤ 20% for the majority of the analytes studied. For the analytes that presented accuracy and precision values outside the acceptable limits the method still is able to serve as a semi-quantitative method. The matrix effect, the limits of detection and quantification were also estimated and compared with the current EU MRLs (Maximum Residue Levels) and FAO/WHO MLs (Maximum Levels) or CXLs (Codex Maximum Residue Limits). The combined and expanded uncertainty of the method for each analyte per substrate, was also estimated.
G.P. Danezis; C.J. Anagnostopoulos; K. Liapis; M.A. Koupparis. Multi-residue analysis of pesticides, plant hormones, veterinary drugs and mycotoxins using HILIC chromatography – MS/MS in various food matrices. Analytica Chimica Acta 2016, 942, 121 -138.
AMA StyleG.P. Danezis, C.J. Anagnostopoulos, K. Liapis, M.A. Koupparis. Multi-residue analysis of pesticides, plant hormones, veterinary drugs and mycotoxins using HILIC chromatography – MS/MS in various food matrices. Analytica Chimica Acta. 2016; 942 ():121-138.
Chicago/Turabian StyleG.P. Danezis; C.J. Anagnostopoulos; K. Liapis; M.A. Koupparis. 2016. "Multi-residue analysis of pesticides, plant hormones, veterinary drugs and mycotoxins using HILIC chromatography – MS/MS in various food matrices." Analytica Chimica Acta 942, no. : 121-138.
Mycotoxin contamination is a common problem on feedstuffs, that can be formed on crops in the field, during harvest, storage, processing or feeding. The scope of the current study was to investigate the levels of Aflatoxin B1, Aflatoxin B2, Aflatoxin G1, Aflatoxin G2, Diacetoxyscirpenol, Ochratoxin A, Toxin HT-2, Toxin T-2 and zearalenone in a variety of feedstuffs (maize silage, alfalfa hay, cottonseed cake, corn grain and concentrates) fed to ruminants and the possible contamination of milk though consumption. For this purpose an easy and simple multiresidue LC-MS/MS method without any clean-up step was developed and successfully validated in feed and milk matrices. The LOQ of the method was set at 10 μg/kg for all analytes and 0.05 μg/kg for Aflatoxin M1 and Ochratoxin A in milk. The results showed that 7 cottonseed cake samples, out of 13 were contaminated with Aflatoxin B1 at a level higher than the maximum levels as set by EU Regulations and with Toxin T-2 with values ranging from 8 to 562 μg/kg. Nine maize silages and 6 alfalfa hay samples were contaminated with Aflatoxin G2 at levels higher than the maximum tolerance limit. No mycotoxins or their metabolites were found above the LOQ in any of the analyzed milk samples.
E. Tsiplakou; C. Anagnostopoulos; K. Liapis; S.A. Haroutounian; G. Zervas. Determination of mycotoxins in feedstuffs and ruminant׳s milk using an easy and simple LC–MS/MS multiresidue method. Talanta 2014, 130, 8 -19.
AMA StyleE. Tsiplakou, C. Anagnostopoulos, K. Liapis, S.A. Haroutounian, G. Zervas. Determination of mycotoxins in feedstuffs and ruminant׳s milk using an easy and simple LC–MS/MS multiresidue method. Talanta. 2014; 130 ():8-19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleE. Tsiplakou; C. Anagnostopoulos; K. Liapis; S.A. Haroutounian; G. Zervas. 2014. "Determination of mycotoxins in feedstuffs and ruminant׳s milk using an easy and simple LC–MS/MS multiresidue method." Talanta 130, no. : 8-19.
Linearity of response and sensitivity (i.e., gradient of the calibration curve) were selected as performance parameters for the comparison of six GC–MS methods that result from all possible combinations of the two ionization (electron ionization, EI, and negative chemical ionization, NCI) and the three mass scanning techniques (full scan, selective ion monitoring and MS–MS). The study involved testing of spiked matrix (tomato) samples as well as standard solutions of 27 pesticides in acetonitrile at a range of concentrations (10–200 μg L−1). The selected pesticides are representative of some of the most common pesticide classes. The performance of each technique was quantified and a comparison made between the different methods. MS/MS was found to perform better as far as linear response was concerned, especially in plant matrix, in agreement with scientific literature. Sensitivity was enhanced with NCI–full scan and EI–MS/MS.
Chris Anagnostopoulos; Angeliki Charalampous; George Balayiannis. EI and NCI GC–MS and GC–MS/MS: Comparative Study of Performance Characteristics for the Determination of Pesticide Residues in Plant Matrix. Chromatographia 2014, 78, 109 -118.
AMA StyleChris Anagnostopoulos, Angeliki Charalampous, George Balayiannis. EI and NCI GC–MS and GC–MS/MS: Comparative Study of Performance Characteristics for the Determination of Pesticide Residues in Plant Matrix. Chromatographia. 2014; 78 (1):109-118.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChris Anagnostopoulos; Angeliki Charalampous; George Balayiannis. 2014. "EI and NCI GC–MS and GC–MS/MS: Comparative Study of Performance Characteristics for the Determination of Pesticide Residues in Plant Matrix." Chromatographia 78, no. 1: 109-118.