The results of long-term experiments (LTEs) performed at the Geographical Network of experimental stations encompassing major soil types in Russia (soddy-podzolic (Retisols, Luvisols, and Podzols); gray forest (Luvic Greyzemic Phaeozems); leached, typical, and southern chernozems (Chernozems); chestnut soils (Kastanozems); meadow brown soils (Albic Stagnic Luvisols); and meadow chernozem-like soils (Luvic Greyzemic Stagnic Phaeozems)) within the entire country (from the north to the south of the European part of Russia, Siberia, and the south of the Far East region (Amur oblast, Khabarovsk, and Primorskii regions)) are summarized. Most of the stationary LTEs were lasting 20–45 years; ten LTEs lasted from 50 to 81 years. It was found that the organomineral fertilizer system (OMFS) exceeded the mineral fertilizer system (MFS) in its effect on the yield by 1–40% in 18 experiments, while the MFS was more efficient than the OMFS by 2–3% in only three LTEs. For the same soil type, the differences in Corg content between unfertilized trials reach 0.56–1.55% for soddy-podzolic soils and 1.58–3.93% for chernozems. Differences in soil Corg content between the unfertilized and OMFS (manure + NPK) trials were less than 10% in four LTEs, 11–20% in six LTEs, and >20% in ten LTEs; the average difference reached 0.27% of Corg. The levels of minimum (C_min) and optimum (C_opt) organic carbon content have been determined with due account for the soil types, soil texture classes, and the applied fertilizer system. They can be used as reference values for the studied soils.

The influence of different systems of fertilization and liming on the changes in the taxonomic structure of prokaryotic community in arable soddy-podzolic soil (Albic Retisol (Loamic, Aric, Cutanic,...

The influence of modification of granules of organomineral fertilizer (OMF) by BisolbiFit ( Bacillus subtilis Ch-13), Phosphatovite ( Bacillus mucilaginosus), and PhosphoActiv (Bacillus subtilis...

The problem of preserving the ecological balance of agrocenoses while using mineral fertilizers is one of the most important in modern agriculture. The use of new types of organomineral fertilizers (OMF), the pellets of which are modified by various types of biopreparations (BP), is one of the ways to solve it. The studies were conducted in 2013-2017 on the experimental field of the Vologda State Dairy Farming Academy by N.V. Vereshchagin (Russia, Molochnoe). In the field experiments, the spore

The results of research in long-term field experiments on the effectiveness of phosphorus fertilizers are presented. All experiments were based on the classical scheme and included, in addition to the control variant (without fertilizers), a nitrogen-potassium background, on which the effectiveness of phosphorus fertilizers was studied. At the same time, regional specifics were taken into account in each experiment: liming at the Experimental Station of the All-Russian Research Institute of Agrochemistry (Russia), the effectiveness of phosphorus fertilizers at increasing doses of nitrogen N100–300 at the Rothamsted Experimental Station (Great Britain), a combination of phosphorus fertilizers with manure at the Chinese National Soil Fertility Monitoring Base. In long-term experiments, the dynamics of changes in the content of mobile phosphorus, as well as individual fractions, taking into account the emerging balance of P2O5, are presented. It is shown that the redistribution of phosphorus between different soil fractions is reversible, and the direction of the processes depends on the emerging balance of P2O5. Phosphorus accumulated in more firmly held forms can subsequently be released and absorbed by cultivated crops. In all field experiments an increase in the yield gap between NK and NK + P variants was observed over time. On the one hand, this is due to a significant decrease in the phosphorus content in the background NK variant (in acidic soils – also an increase in Al mobility), in which phosphorus removal significantly exceeds control (without fertilizers), on the other – a significant increase in the content of P2O5 in the soil with a positive balance. In a long-term experiment at the Experimental Station of the Institute of Agrochemistry, the difference coefficient of phosphorus utilization from fertilizers was 25–27, at the Rothamsted station – 25–41, at the Chinese National Soil Fertility Monitoring Base – 45%. Attention is drawn to the high payback of phosphorus fertilizers in experiments at the Rothamsted experimental station (Great Britain) – 22–39 kg of grain/kg of P2O5 (when cultivating winter wheat in crop rotation). The main method of increasing payback in this case was the use of high doses of nitrogen – up to 200 kg N/ha. Studies have shown that liming acidic soils to a slightly acidic reaction, the use of zinc micronutrients, as well as phosphate-mobilizing microorganisms, are essential methods to increase the effectiveness of phosphorus fertilizers.

Field experiments with fiber-flax varieties Zaryanka, the Alpha and the Lada was carried out on soddy-podzolic soil under Northern part of the Nonchernozem zone. As a result of 5 years of research studied the influence of increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizer on the dynamics of mineral nitrogen in the soil, total nitrogen content of the flax plant. The mathematical model of flax straw yield has been developed. It was revealed that the increase of productive moisture reserves in the soil from 30 to 40 mm in a layer of 0–40 cm in the phase of “herringbone”–the beginning of rapid growth, increased productivity of flax straw varieties Alpha on 2.8 t ha^–1. The simultaneous increase in the total nitrogen content of the flax plants in the phase of “herringbone” on the 0.1% increment crop yield increase up to 3.0 t ha^–1.