Since the last decade, electrospinning is garnering more attention in the scientific research community, industries, applications like sensing (glucose, H₂O₂, dopamine, ascorbic acid, uric acid, neurotransmitter, etc.), biomedical applications (wound dressing, wound healing, skin, nerve, bone tissue engineering, and drug delivery systems), water treatment, energy harvesting, and storage applications. This review paper provides a brief overview of the electrospinning method, history of the electrospinning, factors affecting the electrospun nanofibers, and their morphology with different materials and composites (metals, metal oxides, 2D material, polymers and copolymers, carbon‐based materials, etc.) used in the electrospinning technique with optical spinning parameters. Moreover, this paper deliberates the application of electrospun nanofibers and fibrous mats for sensing (electrochemical, optical, fluorescence, colorimetric, mechanical, photoelectric, mass sensitive change, resistive, ultrasensitive, etc.) in most illustrative representations. In the end, the challenges, opportunities of the electrospun nanofibers, and new direction for future progress are also discussed.

Fused filament fabrication (FFF), a portable, clean, low cost and flexible 3D printing technique, finds enormous applications in different sectors. The process has the ability to create ready to use tailor-made products within a few hours, and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is extensively employed in FFF due to high impact resistance and toughness. However, this technology has certain inherent process limitations, such as poor mechanical strength and surface finish, which can be improved by optimizing the process parameters. As the results of optimization studies primarily depend upon the efficiency of the mathematical tools, in this work, an attempt is made to investigate a novel optimization tool. This paper illustrates an optimization study of process parameters of FFF using neural network algorithm (NNA) based optimization to determine the tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength of ABS parts. The study also compares the efficacy of NNA over conventional optimization tools. The advanced optimization successfully optimizes the process parameters of FFF and predicts maximum mechanical properties at the suggested parameter settings.

Well-defined 1D molybdenum oxide nanostructures were synthesized using the hydrothermal method with sodium dodecyl sulfate as a capping agent with water as a solvent for the supercapacitor application at very low electrolyte concentration. The structural, morphological and optical properties of the as-prepared nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope, and UV–visible spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction and FESEM studies revealed the formation of ‘1D Molybdenum Oxide nanorods with an average crystallite size of 31 nm. UV–visible spectroscopic analysis showed that the optical bandgap of molybdenum oxide nanorods to be 3.01 eV. The electrochemical performance of as synthesized nanorods was performed by using cyclic voltammetry, galavanostatic charge–discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The maximum specific capacitance obtained was 411 F g⁻¹ in 0.1M NaOH electrolyte solution with excellent rate capability even at higher scan rates. Cyclic retention of 82.4% was observed even after 1000 cycles making it suitable electrode material for high-performance supercapacitor applications.