Fabrics for electromagnetic shielding are especially relevant in nowadays context, contributing to human's protection and wellbeing and to proper functioning of electronic equipment. in relation to electromagnetic compatibility. Fabrics with electromagnetic shielding properties employ two main technologies, namely insertion of conductive yams and application of conductive coatings. Magnetron sputtering is a modem technology to enable conductive coatings with thickness in the range of nanometers onto fabrics. This paper aims to analyze contribution of various conductive textile structures out of both fabrics with inserted conductive yams and coatings to Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE). EMSE was measured in the frequency range of 0.1-1000 MHz by using a TEM cell according to standard ASTM ES-07. Results show a gain of 10-25 dB when introducing silver yams in warp/ weft direction, a variation of 5-35 dB between conductive yarns out of silver and stainless steel and an up to 12 dB gain out of thin copper coating by magnetron plasma onto the fabrics with inserted conductive yarns.

The paper proposes the analytic modelling of flexible textile shields made of fabrics with inserted conductive yarns and metallic plasma coating in order to calculate their electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE). This manufacturing process is highly innovative, since copper plasma coating improves EMSE on the fabrics with inserted conductive yarns of stainless steel and silver with 10–15 dB in the frequency range of 0.1–1000 MHz, as shown by the measured EMSE values determined according to the standard ASTM ES-07 via the Transverse Electromagnetic (TEM) cell. On the other hand, modelling of EMSE for such conductive flexible shields gives an insight on estimating EMSE in the design phase of manufacturing the shield, based on its geometric and electrical parameters. An analytic model was proposed based on the sum of EMSE of the fabric with inserted conductive yarns and EMSE of the copper coating. The measurement results show close values to the proposed analytic model, especially in case of fabric with conductive yarns having stainless steel content.

Environmental pollution is currently one of the most worrying factors that endangers human health. Therefore, attempts are being made to reduce it by various means. One of the most important sources of pollution in terms of the current RoHS and REACH directives is the pollution caused by the use of chemical products for the production of sources for the storage and generation of electricity. The aim of this article is therefore to develop supercapacitors made of biodegradable materials and to investigate their electrical performance. Among the materials used to make these electrodes, activated carbon was identified as the main material and different combinations of gelatin, calligraphy ink and glycerol were used as the binders. The electrolyte consists of a hydrogel based on gelatin, NaCl 20 wt% solution and glycerol. In the context of this research, the electrolyte, which has the consistency of a gel, fulfills the dual function of the separator in the structure of the manufactured cells. Due to its structure, the electrolyte has good mechanical properties and can easily block the contact between the two electrodes. Most of the materials used for the production of supercapacitor cells are interchangeable materials, which are mainly used in other application fields such as the food or cosmetics industries, but were also successfully used for the investigations carried out in this research. Thus, remarkable results were recorded regarding a specific capacitance between 101.46 F/g and 233.26 F/g and an energy density between 3.52 Wh/kg and 8.09 Wh/kg, with a slightly lower power density between 66.66 W/kg and 85.76 W/kg for the manufactured supercapacitors.

Several enterprise management instruments are used to support innovation. The Knowledge Matrix for Innovation (KMI) quantifies intangible assets of an enterprise in order to keep an improved inventory, gap bridges and eliminate redundancies. The KMI was defined and implemented for textile enterprises within the Erasmus+ project TexMatrix, in order to respond to their innovation needs: the KMI was transformed to a Benchmarking questionnaire, a Benchmarking study was conducted with 64 European textile enterprises and Reports on European, national and individual enterprise level were created. The needs of the enterprises were drawn from a SWOT analysis of the European Benchmarking report: 35 project solutions provided by the consortium partners were assigned to six main Opportunities of SWOT analysis. These project solutions contain results in fields like: research, market and training. The solutions altogether with three educational modules for supporting innovation were implemented within an e-learning course in five European languages of the project’s partners: English, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian and Slovenian. The Moodle e-learning course includes various resources (Book, Video) and activities (Quiz, Glossary, Chat and Forum).Training was performed for 199 textile professionals within 8 multiplier events and for 137 young students within 5 blended courses. Textile professionals expressed their interest in implementing some of the project solutions. All created Open Educational Resources are available with free access on the project’s e-learning platform: www.advan2tex.eu/portal/.

Electromagnetic (EM) radiation may be harmful for human’s health and for functioning of electronic equipment. The field of Electromagnetic Compatibility approaches various solutions to tackle this problem, while shielding of the radiation is one of the main solutions. Since the development of spinning technology for producing conductive yarns for fabrics, textile electromagnetic shields have become a valuable alternative to metallic shields. Their main advantages are given by the flexibility, the low weight and the good mechanical resistance, as well as by the possibility to precisely design the shield. The scientific literature includes several analytic relations for estimating the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE), in case of woven fabrics with conductive yarns, which may be modeled as a grid of electric conductors. This book chapter tackles three different analytic models for estimating EMSE, which are useful to predict this functionality in the design phase of fabrics. The analytic relations are subsequently comparatively validated by EMSE measurements via TEM cell equipment of two woven fabrics with conductive yarns out of stainless steel and silver with a grid of 4 mm. Results of validated analytic relations are used for the approach of designing textile shields with regard to final application requirements.