He received his Ph.D. in microbiology from the University of Milan in 1997. He is currently a Professor of Clinical Microbiology in the Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences at the University of Milan, Italy. His research interests in clinical microbiology include: exploring novel analytical methods related to biofilms and molecular biology, and their application to the study of microorganisms, host/parasite interactions, the microbiome, probiotics, and the immune system; investigating the effects of antimicrobial drugs on pathogenic factors; and the genotypic, phenotypic, and epidemiological characteristics of antimicrobial resistance. In addition, he has conducted in-depth research on novel biomarkers in clinical chemistry and microbiology.