Background: The prevalence of anxiety and depression in pregnant women has significantly increased after the spread of COVID-19 throughout the world. We carried out this meta-analysis to reveal the information about risk factors for depression and anxiety in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Embase and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) databases for all articles. The odds ratio (OR) corresponding to the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was used to assess the risk factors for mental health. The statistical heterogeneity among studies was assessed with the Q-test and I² statistics. Results: We collected 17 studies including 15,050 pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results found that factors including decrease in the perception of general support and difficulties in household finances have damage effects on anxiety, and factors including undereducated, unemployed during pregnancy, with a chronic physical illness before pregnancy, decrease in the perception of general support, difficulties in household finances, disobey the isolation rules, and smoking during pregnancy have increased risk of depression. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis revealed some risk factors for mental health in pregnant women during COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health interventions in pregnant women may involve targeted methods individually.

Background: The gut-brain axis has been potentially proposed as a link between the intake of fermented dairy foods and depression. We carried out this meta-analysis on published cohort studies to estimate the overall depression risk of fermented dairy foods intake. Methods: We searched the CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) and PubMed databases for all articles within a range of published years from 2010 to 2022 on the association between fermented dairy foods intake and depression. Results: Finally, 8 studies met the inclusion criteria for this study, with 83,533 participants. Overall, there was statistical evidence of significantly decreased depression risk was found to be associated with fermented dairy foods intake (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.81–0.98). In subgroup analysis, cheese and yogurt consumptions were significantly associated with decreased depression risk (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.84–0.98 for cheese and OR = 0. 84, 95% CI = 0.72–0.99 for yogurt). However, we failed to find superabundant intake of fermented dairy foods intake decreased the risk of depression. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis indicated that fermented dairy foods intake may have potential beneficial effect on depression via the gut-brain axis.

Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become worldwide, posing particularly severe challenges. Pregnancy brings changes that might make individuals more vulnerable to this viral infection. To date, the impact of COVID-19 infection on pregnancy outcomes remains controversial. Method: We performed a meta-analysis to address the impact of COVID-19 infection on pregnancy outcomes. We searched the PubMed and China National Knowledge infrastructure (CNKI) databases for related articles. The odds ratio (OR) corresponding to the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was used to define the impact of INFECTION and severity of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcomes. The statistical heterogeneity among studies was batched with the Q-test and I² statistics. Results: We collected 38 studies including 127,805 pregnancy women. Our meta-analysis revealed that pregnant women with COVID-19 have been linked to an increased risk of premature birth (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.41–1.96), stillbirth (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.22–3.21), pre-eclampsia (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.18–1.80), and PROM (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.07–1.81). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis showed that infection with COVID-19 increases the risk of preterm birth, stillbirth, pre-eclampsia, and PROM. Screening and early care for pregnant women to intervene with COVID-19 is important, given the increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.