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Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
This study identifies, through consultation with relevant stakeholders, low-input farming practices that can help to minimize the most pressing agronomic and environmental problems in some of the most relevant Mediterranean woody crops in Spain (almond, citrus, and olive) and enhance their sustainability. The results illustrate stakeholders’ perception regarding how each cropping system could be oriented towards a more sustainable production. Despite each case study’s particularities, there is consensus in the need for a shift towards the use of organic fertilizers, the maintenance of vegetation in the edges of plots and the use of integrated pest control strategies. On the contrary, stakeholders have selected different tillage and soil cover practices that are consistent with the characteristics and problems of each cropping system. This study also identifies relevant strengths and drawbacks for the implementation of low-input agricultural practices in each crop and study area. While stakeholders find the identified low-impact farming practices as easy and not costly, suggesting a significant potential for their successful implementation, the results also point out at the reduced knowledge of the practical benefits of some farming practices and the need for improved technical advice to foster the adoption of others.
Javier Calatrava; David Martínez-Granados; Raúl Zornoza; Manuel González-Rosado; Beatriz Lozano-García; Manuela Vega-Zamora; María Gómez-López. Barriers and Opportunities for the Implementation of Sustainable Farming Practices in Mediterranean Tree Orchards. Agronomy 2021, 11, 821 .
AMA StyleJavier Calatrava, David Martínez-Granados, Raúl Zornoza, Manuel González-Rosado, Beatriz Lozano-García, Manuela Vega-Zamora, María Gómez-López. Barriers and Opportunities for the Implementation of Sustainable Farming Practices in Mediterranean Tree Orchards. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (5):821.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier Calatrava; David Martínez-Granados; Raúl Zornoza; Manuel González-Rosado; Beatriz Lozano-García; Manuela Vega-Zamora; María Gómez-López. 2021. "Barriers and Opportunities for the Implementation of Sustainable Farming Practices in Mediterranean Tree Orchards." Agronomy 11, no. 5: 821.
Spanish authorities have proposed providing external resources to substitute for non-renewable groundwater withdrawals in the south-eastern Murcia Plateau, which would require building new water infrastructure. This article assesses the supply costs and the economic impact of two alternatives, one based on supplying desalinated seawater and the other based on supplying water from the Tagus–Segura Transfer, with an innovative scheme to exchange it for desalinated seawater. It is found that farmers cannot afford the cost of either alternative. Authorities face the dilemma of either strongly subsidizing the external water supply, beyond what seems reasonable, or facing a disproportionate impact on the local economy.
Javier Calatrava; Victoriano Martínez-Alvarez; David Martínez-Granados. Addressing aquifer overexploitation with desalinated seawater: an economic assessment of alternatives in south-eastern Spain. International Journal of Water Resources Development 2021, 1 -18.
AMA StyleJavier Calatrava, Victoriano Martínez-Alvarez, David Martínez-Granados. Addressing aquifer overexploitation with desalinated seawater: an economic assessment of alternatives in south-eastern Spain. International Journal of Water Resources Development. 2021; ():1-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier Calatrava; Victoriano Martínez-Alvarez; David Martínez-Granados. 2021. "Addressing aquifer overexploitation with desalinated seawater: an economic assessment of alternatives in south-eastern Spain." International Journal of Water Resources Development , no. : 1-18.
Nature-based solutions (NBS) are increasingly being promoted because they can solve different pursued aims together with providing an additional array of multiple ecosystem services or co-benefits. Nevertheless, their implementation is still being curbed by several barriers, for example, a lack of examples, a lack of finance, and a lack of business cases. Therefore, there is an urgent need to facilitate the construction of business models and business cases that identify the elements required to capture value. These are necessary to catalyze investments for the implementation of NBS. This article presents a tool called a Natural Assurance Schemes (NAS) canvas and explains how it can be applied to identify business models for NBS strategies providing climate adaptation services, showing an eye-shot summary of critical information to attract funding. The framework is applied in three case studies covering different contexts, scales, and climate-related risks (floods and droughts). Finally, a reflective analysis is done, comparing the tool with other similar approaches while highlighting the differential characteristics that define the usefulness, replicability, and flexibility of the tool for the target users, namely policymakers, developers, scientists, or entrepreneurs aiming to promote and implement NAS and NBS projects.
Beatriz Mayor; Pedro Zorrilla-Miras; Philippe Coent; Thomas Biffin; Kieran Dartée; Karina Peña; Nina Graveline; Roxane Marchal; Florentina Nanu; Albert Scrieciu; Javier Calatrava; Marisol Manzano; Elena López Gunn. Natural Assurance Schemes Canvas: A Framework to Develop Business Models for Nature-Based Solutions Aimed at Disaster Risk Reduction. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1291 .
AMA StyleBeatriz Mayor, Pedro Zorrilla-Miras, Philippe Coent, Thomas Biffin, Kieran Dartée, Karina Peña, Nina Graveline, Roxane Marchal, Florentina Nanu, Albert Scrieciu, Javier Calatrava, Marisol Manzano, Elena López Gunn. Natural Assurance Schemes Canvas: A Framework to Develop Business Models for Nature-Based Solutions Aimed at Disaster Risk Reduction. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (3):1291.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBeatriz Mayor; Pedro Zorrilla-Miras; Philippe Coent; Thomas Biffin; Kieran Dartée; Karina Peña; Nina Graveline; Roxane Marchal; Florentina Nanu; Albert Scrieciu; Javier Calatrava; Marisol Manzano; Elena López Gunn. 2021. "Natural Assurance Schemes Canvas: A Framework to Develop Business Models for Nature-Based Solutions Aimed at Disaster Risk Reduction." Sustainability 13, no. 3: 1291.
This paper analyses the degree of adoption of different soil conservation practices in the olive groves of the Spanish province of Granada using data from a survey of olive farmers. No-tillage and mulch using the grinded pruning residues are the most widespread practices, while few farmers do other more traditional practices. Despite its effectiveness in reducing erosion and its inclusion in the requirements of several agri-environmental measures, the use of vegetated covers is quite reduced. The diffusion processes of the main conservation practices have been based on the interactions among farmers rather than in other external factors.
Javier Calatrava; Juan Agustín Franco. Difusión de prácticas de lucha contra la erosión en el olivar de la cuenca del Alto Genil Granadino. Studies of Applied Economics 2020, 29, 359 -384.
AMA StyleJavier Calatrava, Juan Agustín Franco. Difusión de prácticas de lucha contra la erosión en el olivar de la cuenca del Alto Genil Granadino. Studies of Applied Economics. 2020; 29 (1):359-384.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier Calatrava; Juan Agustín Franco. 2020. "Difusión de prácticas de lucha contra la erosión en el olivar de la cuenca del Alto Genil Granadino." Studies of Applied Economics 29, no. 1: 359-384.
Javier Calatrava; David Martínez-Granados. Water buybacks to recover depleted aquifers in south-east Spain. International Journal of Water Resources Development 2018, 35, 977 -998.
AMA StyleJavier Calatrava, David Martínez-Granados. Water buybacks to recover depleted aquifers in south-east Spain. International Journal of Water Resources Development. 2018; 35 (6):977-998.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier Calatrava; David Martínez-Granados. 2018. "Water buybacks to recover depleted aquifers in south-east Spain." International Journal of Water Resources Development 35, no. 6: 977-998.
Javier Calatrava; David Martínez-Granados. The limited success of formal water markets in the Segura River basin, Spain. International Journal of Water Resources Development 2017, 34, 961 -981.
AMA StyleJavier Calatrava, David Martínez-Granados. The limited success of formal water markets in the Segura River basin, Spain. International Journal of Water Resources Development. 2017; 34 (6):961-981.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier Calatrava; David Martínez-Granados. 2017. "The limited success of formal water markets in the Segura River basin, Spain." International Journal of Water Resources Development 34, no. 6: 961-981.
This paper analyses the cost-effectiveness of combining several economic policy instruments to address the problem of non-renewable pumping in the Alto Guadalentín aquifer in southeastern Spain, one of the most extreme cases of aquifer depletion in Europe. Our results show that all instruments have significant economic impacts. However, the future availability of desalinisation would notably mitigate these impacts, as farmers can substitute groundwater with desalinised water. Although a complete ban on non-renewable pumping and an environmental tax on withdrawals imply the lowest level of public expenditure, they are very unpopular and have a large political cost. The buyback of groundwater rights and the subsidisation of desalinisation in exchange for reducing withdrawals are likely to be much better received by farmers, as their cost would be charged to the public budget. A combination of instruments would split the cost of aquifer recovery between farmers and the administration and would therefore possibly not meet with as much opposition from stakeholders.
David Martínez-Granados; Javier Calatrava. Combining economic policy instruments with desalinisation to reduce overdraft in the Spanish Alto Guadalentín aquifer. Water Policy 2016, 19, 341 -357.
AMA StyleDavid Martínez-Granados, Javier Calatrava. Combining economic policy instruments with desalinisation to reduce overdraft in the Spanish Alto Guadalentín aquifer. Water Policy. 2016; 19 (2):341-357.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Martínez-Granados; Javier Calatrava. 2016. "Combining economic policy instruments with desalinisation to reduce overdraft in the Spanish Alto Guadalentín aquifer." Water Policy 19, no. 2: 341-357.
The Tagus-Segura Transfer (TST), the largest water infrastructure in Spain, connects the Tagus basin’s headwaters and the Segura basin, one of the most water-stressed areas in Europe. The need to increase the minimum environmental flows in the Tagus River and to meet new urban demands has lead to the redefinition of the TST’s management rules, what will cause a reduction of transferable volumes to the Segura basin. After evaluating the effects of this change in the whole Tagus-Segura system, focusing on the availability of irrigation water in the Segura, the environmental flows in the Tagus and the economic impacts on both basins; we propose an innovative two-tranche option contract that could reduce the negative impacts of the modification of the Transfer’s management rule, and represents an institutional innovation with respect to previous inter-basin water trading. We evaluate this contract with respect to spot and non-market scenarios. Results show that the proposed contract would reduce the impact of a change in the transfer’s management rule on water availability in the recipient area.
Dolores Rey; Alberto Garrido; Javier Calatrava. An Innovative Option Contract for Allocating Water in Inter-Basin Transfers: the Case of the Tagus-Segura Transfer in Spain. Water Resources Management 2015, 30, 1165 -1182.
AMA StyleDolores Rey, Alberto Garrido, Javier Calatrava. An Innovative Option Contract for Allocating Water in Inter-Basin Transfers: the Case of the Tagus-Segura Transfer in Spain. Water Resources Management. 2015; 30 (3):1165-1182.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDolores Rey; Alberto Garrido; Javier Calatrava. 2015. "An Innovative Option Contract for Allocating Water in Inter-Basin Transfers: the Case of the Tagus-Segura Transfer in Spain." Water Resources Management 30, no. 3: 1165-1182.
Jean‐Daniel Rinaudo; Javier Calatrava; Marine Vernier De Byans. Tradable water saving certificates to improve urban water use efficiency: an ex-ante evaluation in a French case study. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 2015, 60, 422 -441.
AMA StyleJean‐Daniel Rinaudo, Javier Calatrava, Marine Vernier De Byans. Tradable water saving certificates to improve urban water use efficiency: an ex-ante evaluation in a French case study. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics. 2015; 60 (3):422-441.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJean‐Daniel Rinaudo; Javier Calatrava; Marine Vernier De Byans. 2015. "Tradable water saving certificates to improve urban water use efficiency: an ex-ante evaluation in a French case study." Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 60, no. 3: 422-441.
Irrigators must cope with the risk of not having enough water to meet crop demands. There are different tools for managing this risk, including water market mechanisms and insurance. Given the choice, farmers will opt for the tool that offers the greatest positive change in expected utility. This paper presents a theoretical assessment of farmers’ expected utility for two different water option contracts and a drought insurance policy. We analyze the conditions that determine farmers’ preferences for these instruments and perform a numerical application to a water-stressed Spanish region. Results show that farmers’ willingness to pay for the considered risk management tools are greater than the preliminary estimates of these instruments costs. This suggests that option contracts and insurance may help farmers manage water supply availability risks.
Dolores Rey; Alberto Garrido; Javier Calatrava. Comparison of Different Water Supply Risk Management Tools for Irrigators: Option Contracts and Insurance. Environmental and Resource Economics 2015, 65, 415 -439.
AMA StyleDolores Rey, Alberto Garrido, Javier Calatrava. Comparison of Different Water Supply Risk Management Tools for Irrigators: Option Contracts and Insurance. Environmental and Resource Economics. 2015; 65 (2):415-439.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDolores Rey; Alberto Garrido; Javier Calatrava. 2015. "Comparison of Different Water Supply Risk Management Tools for Irrigators: Option Contracts and Insurance." Environmental and Resource Economics 65, no. 2: 415-439.
Water supply instability is one of the main risks faced by irrigation districts and farmers. Water procurement decision optimisation is essential in order to increase supply reliability and reduce costs. Water markets, such as spot purchases or water supply option contracts, can make this decision process more flexible. We analyse the potential interest in an option contract for an irrigation district that has access to several water sources. We apply a stochastic recursive mathematical programming model to simulate the water procurement decisions of an irrigation district's board operating in a context of water supply uncertainty in south‐eastern Spain. We analyse what role different option contracts could play in securing its water supply. Results suggest that the irrigation district would be willing to accept the proposed option contract in most cases subject to realistic values of the option contract financial terms. Of nine different water sources, desalination and the option contract are the main substitutes, where the use of either depends on the contract parameters. The contract premium and optioned volume are the variables that have a greater impact on the irrigation district's decisions.
Dolores Rey; Javier Calatrava; Alberto Garrido. Optimisation of water procurement decisions in an irrigation district: the role of option contracts. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 2015, 60, 130 -154.
AMA StyleDolores Rey, Javier Calatrava, Alberto Garrido. Optimisation of water procurement decisions in an irrigation district: the role of option contracts. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics. 2015; 60 (1):130-154.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDolores Rey; Javier Calatrava; Alberto Garrido. 2015. "Optimisation of water procurement decisions in an irrigation district: the role of option contracts." Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 60, no. 1: 130-154.
As many other countries, Spain has to cope with, and be prepared to address, major water challenges: climate change, growing demand, and water pollution. Climate change projections indicate significant reductions of runoff and water recharge and more unstable climate regimes. Improving water allocation has become an urgent need. Water demand management is now one of the most relevant issues in the Spanish water policy agenda. The chapter discusses the controversial topic of water pricing, focusing on Spain. The Water Framework Directive (WFD) foresees that, in order to ensure an efficient and sustainable management of water resources, prices should be fixed according to the principle of cost recovery. But our analysis of all policy-relevant drivers and likely scenarios suggests that reforming water-pricing policies is likely to face numerous obstacles and to raise strong opposition from most water users. And yet, pricing policies in Spain are already innovative and fully implemented for all sectors. So the way to reform is already paved, and we expect that more progress will be made in next WFD planning period (2015–2020).
Javier Calatrava; Marian García-Valiñas; Alberto Garrido; Francisco González-Gómez. Water Pricing in Spain: Following the Footsteps of Somber Climate Change Projections. Freshwater Governance for the 21st Century 2015, 313 -340.
AMA StyleJavier Calatrava, Marian García-Valiñas, Alberto Garrido, Francisco González-Gómez. Water Pricing in Spain: Following the Footsteps of Somber Climate Change Projections. Freshwater Governance for the 21st Century. 2015; ():313-340.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier Calatrava; Marian García-Valiñas; Alberto Garrido; Francisco González-Gómez. 2015. "Water Pricing in Spain: Following the Footsteps of Somber Climate Change Projections." Freshwater Governance for the 21st Century , no. : 313-340.
Aquifer overdraft is a major environmental and water management problem in Southeast Spain. In some areas, availability of desalinised seawater resources is being expanding, which provides an opportunity to address this problem at a lower social and economic cost. We analyse the economic impact of using several instruments to address the problem of non-renewable groundwater pumping in the aquifers of the Guadalentín basin: an environmental tax on groundwater use, the buyback of groundwater rights and the subsidization of desalinised resources. Their impact is assessed using a mathematical programming model that maximises the farm net margin resulting from the use of the available water resources for irrigation in the area. Our results show that, in the current situation of water availability, all the alternatives have significant economic impacts. Moreover, the first two alternatives would be unfeasible from a political point of view. The existence of abundant, though expensive, desalinised water resources in the foreseen future would reduce, but not eliminate, the negative economic impact of such instruments. Furthermore, water demand is so high in this area that even strongly subsidising desalinised water in exchange for reducing the use of groundwater would not allow to eliminate aquifer overdraft.
David Martínez-Granados; Javier Calatrava. The role of desalinisation to address aquifer overdraft in SE Spain. Journal of Environmental Management 2014, 144, 247 -257.
AMA StyleDavid Martínez-Granados, Javier Calatrava. The role of desalinisation to address aquifer overdraft in SE Spain. Journal of Environmental Management. 2014; 144 ():247-257.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Martínez-Granados; Javier Calatrava. 2014. "The role of desalinisation to address aquifer overdraft in SE Spain." Journal of Environmental Management 144, no. : 247-257.
Water scarcity is a growing reality in many Spanish basins which creates the need for more flexible and efficient market-based allocation instruments. This chapter critically analyzes water markets’ strengths and weaknesses, evaluates some recent trading experiences, and assesses some recent reforms in the Spanish water legislation. Formal and informal trading, and variants in between, have facilitated temporary and permanent water exchanges, with and without explicit support of public agencies. Based on our analyses and other literature findings, we propose a number of reforms that we consider necessary to upgrade water markets in Spain, including some innovations such as optioning rights, and quality-graded water exchanges.
Dolores Rey; Alberto Garrido; Javier Calatrava. Water Markets in Spain: Meeting Twenty-First Century Challenges with Twentieth Century Regulations. Freshwater Governance for the 21st Century 2014, 127 -147.
AMA StyleDolores Rey, Alberto Garrido, Javier Calatrava. Water Markets in Spain: Meeting Twenty-First Century Challenges with Twentieth Century Regulations. Freshwater Governance for the 21st Century. 2014; ():127-147.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDolores Rey; Alberto Garrido; Javier Calatrava. 2014. "Water Markets in Spain: Meeting Twenty-First Century Challenges with Twentieth Century Regulations." Freshwater Governance for the 21st Century , no. : 127-147.
This study assesses evaporation losses from water reservoirs in the semi-arid Segura basin (south-east Spain), one of the most water stressed European catchments. These losses are evaluated from both the hydrologic and economic perspectives under different water availability scenarios that are based on water policy trends and climate change predictions. We take a multidisciplinary approach to the analysis, combining energy balance models to assess the effect of climate change on evaporation from water bodies, Class-A pan data and pan coefficients to determine evaporation loss on a regional scale, and non-linear mathematical programming modelling to simulate the economic impact of water use and allocation in the basin. Our results indicate that water availability could be reduced by up to 40 % in the worst-case scenario, with an economic impact in the 32–36 % range, depending on the indicator in question. The total annual evaporation loss from reservoirs ranges from 6.5 % to 11.7 % of the water resources available for irrigation in the basin, where evaporation from small reservoirs is more than twice that from large dams. The economic impact of such losses increases with water scarcity, ranging from 4.3 % to 12.3 % of the value of agricultural production, 4.0 % to 12.0 % of net margin, 5.8 % to 10.7 % of the irrigated area, and 5.4 % to 13.5 % of agricultural employment. Results illustrate the importance of evaporation losses from reservoirs in this region and the marked upward trend for future scenarios. Besides, they highlight the extent of the impact of climate change on future water resources availability and use in southern Europe.
J. F. Maestre-Valero; David Martinez-Granados; Victoriano Martínez-Alvarez; Javier Calatrava. Socio-Economic Impact of Evaporation Losses from Reservoirs Under Past, Current and Future Water Availability Scenarios in the Semi-Arid Segura Basin. Water Resources Management 2013, 27, 1411 -1426.
AMA StyleJ. F. Maestre-Valero, David Martinez-Granados, Victoriano Martínez-Alvarez, Javier Calatrava. Socio-Economic Impact of Evaporation Losses from Reservoirs Under Past, Current and Future Water Availability Scenarios in the Semi-Arid Segura Basin. Water Resources Management. 2013; 27 (5):1411-1426.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. F. Maestre-Valero; David Martinez-Granados; Victoriano Martínez-Alvarez; Javier Calatrava. 2013. "Socio-Economic Impact of Evaporation Losses from Reservoirs Under Past, Current and Future Water Availability Scenarios in the Semi-Arid Segura Basin." Water Resources Management 27, no. 5: 1411-1426.
This paper analyses the processes of both the adoption and diffusion of no-tillage and of the type of application of herbicides among Southern Spain's olive farmers, using data from a farm survey. We estimate several probit models to identify some socio-economic and institutional factors related to the decision to use each practice of no-tillage on a regular basis and several diffusion models to describe the spatial and temporal spread of no-tillage among farmers. Our results show that no-tillage is practised by 90% of surveyed farmers either with the localised (21%) or non-localised (69%) application of herbicides. The diffusion process of no-tillage has been very intense since the mid-1990s, and has been based on the interaction among farmers in the area of study rather than on external factors. Some characteristics related to the adoption of each practice are farm size, irrigation and the continuity of the farming activity by some relative.
Juan Agustín Franco; Javier Calatrava. The diffusion process of no-tillage with herbicides application in Southern Spain's olive groves. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 2012, 55, 979 -1003.
AMA StyleJuan Agustín Franco, Javier Calatrava. The diffusion process of no-tillage with herbicides application in Southern Spain's olive groves. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. 2012; 55 (8):979-1003.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Agustín Franco; Javier Calatrava. 2012. "The diffusion process of no-tillage with herbicides application in Southern Spain's olive groves." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 55, no. 8: 979-1003.
This study calculates the use value of water in the irrigated agriculture of the Segura basin and in the irrigated areas served from the Tajo-Segura transfer. Water is valued using a non-linear mathematical programming model that allocates water and irrigated land among crop activities in each of the 64 Water Demand Units of the basin. The marginal and average value of water for the basin are 0,52 €/m3 and 0,81 €/m3 respectively, with marked differences between areas. Irrigation in the Segura basin generates an average annual farm net margin of 879 million €/year, whereas the average annual value of resources transferred from the Tajo basin has been conservatively estimated at 169 million Euros.
Javier Calatrava; David Martínez-Granados. El valor del uso del agua en el regadío de la cuenca del Segura y en las zonas regables del trasvase Tajo-Segura. Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales 2012, 12, 7 -32.
AMA StyleJavier Calatrava, David Martínez-Granados. El valor del uso del agua en el regadío de la cuenca del Segura y en las zonas regables del trasvase Tajo-Segura. Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales. 2012; 12 (1):7-32.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier Calatrava; David Martínez-Granados. 2012. "El valor del uso del agua en el regadío de la cuenca del Segura y en las zonas regables del trasvase Tajo-Segura." Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales 12, no. 1: 7-32.
In this paper we analyse the economic impact of alternative water management instruments that allow addressing the problem of non-renewable groundwater pumping in the aquifers of the Guadalentín Valley (southeast Spain). Their impact is assessed using a partial equilibrium mathematical programming model that maximises the farm net margin resulting from the use of the available water resources for irrigation in the area. Our results show that the buyback of groundwater pumping rights is the option with the greatest public budgetary cost and economic impact. On the contrary, the combination of an environmental tax on groundwater pumping and the substitution of groundwater by subsidised desalinised water allow eliminating aquifer overdraft in the area while minimising the public budgetary cost and the economic impact on the agricultural sector.
Javier Calatrava; Amanda Guillem; David Martínez-Granados. Análisis de alternativas para la eliminación de la sobreexplotación de acuíferos en el Valle de Guadalentín. Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales 2011, 11, 33 .
AMA StyleJavier Calatrava, Amanda Guillem, David Martínez-Granados. Análisis de alternativas para la eliminación de la sobreexplotación de acuíferos en el Valle de Guadalentín. Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales. 2011; 11 (2):33.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier Calatrava; Amanda Guillem; David Martínez-Granados. 2011. "Análisis de alternativas para la eliminación de la sobreexplotación de acuíferos en el Valle de Guadalentín." Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales 11, no. 2: 33.
Economics of irrigation: introduction
J. Berbel; J. Calatrava. Economics of irrigation: introduction. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 2011, 9, 1-3 .
AMA StyleJ. Berbel, J. Calatrava. Economics of irrigation: introduction. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research. 2011; 9 (4):1-3.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Berbel; J. Calatrava. 2011. "Economics of irrigation: introduction." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 9, no. 4: 1-3.
The evidence available about the external effects of functioning water markets is ambiguous. While some authors have shown that water exchanges diminishes the polluting effects of irrigated agriculture, others conclude otherwise. The joint use of contaminant input taxes and the establishment of water markets gives rise to ambiguous results, because water and fertilisers are not substitutes. The objective of this paper is to examine the joint effects of establishing an hypothetical spot water market among farmers and a nitrogen tax on irrigators’ benefits, nitrogen pollution and hired external labour. Two non-linear models are formulated and developed that simulate irrigators’ behaviour and the functioning of inter-district water markets in the Guadalquivir basin. Results show that water markets would increase hired farm labour and irrigators’ surplus, though at the cost of increasing nitrates pollution. The reduction of nitrates contamination achieved by the tax is attenuated as a result of water exchanges, which in turn contribute to reduce the negative income effects caused by the nitrates tax. Water markets increase unambiguously the social benefits resulting from increasing hired labour.
Javier Calatrava Leyva; Alberto Garrido Colmenero. Análisis del efecto de los mercados de agua sobre el beneficio de las explotaciones, la contaminación por nitratos y el empleo eventual agrario. Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales 2011, 1, 149 .
AMA StyleJavier Calatrava Leyva, Alberto Garrido Colmenero. Análisis del efecto de los mercados de agua sobre el beneficio de las explotaciones, la contaminación por nitratos y el empleo eventual agrario. Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales. 2011; 1 (2):149.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier Calatrava Leyva; Alberto Garrido Colmenero. 2011. "Análisis del efecto de los mercados de agua sobre el beneficio de las explotaciones, la contaminación por nitratos y el empleo eventual agrario." Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales 1, no. 2: 149.