The aim of the article is to analyse UNESCO conventions dealing with culture and assess the visibility and importance of cultural heritage education in these conventions and their implementation. First, it briefly presents the role of UNESCO in the area of culture and education, together with the UN Agenda 2030 and the challenges faced currently. Next, it discusses the existing UNESCO cultural conventions and their educational dimension with reference to the conventions’ provisions and aims. Each convention refers to education in the activities undertaken by States Parties, providing various tools and measures tailored to the scope of the convention. The article concludes that despite a lack of synergy and creation of education-related programs in convention-related siloes, UNESCO has managed to create a uniform and evolving system of educational measures aimed at various stakeholders and focus on various levels of awareness. Cultural heritage education is an imminent part of activities undertaken within States’ obligations and should involve various stakeholders, building networks and existing in synergy with other actions or campaigns based on different conventions.

Resumen: Este artículo presenta la política en materia educativa del Consejo de Europa, indicando sus principales características e hitos, a la hora de tratar las cuestiones relativas al patrimonio cultural. En primer lugar, ofrece un análisis de los documentos estratégicos (como, por ejemplo, la Recomendación (98) 5 del Comité de Ministros a los Estados miembro, relativa a la Pedagogía del Patrimonio), con especial énfasis en Convenio marco del Consejo de Europa sobre el valor del patrimonio cultural para la sociedad (Convenio de Faro). La noción de un patrimonio cultural europeo común, como un recurso compartido y no renovado, es presentada en este trabajo, tomando como punto de vista la perspectiva de los derechos humanos. Además, en la investigación se presta especial atención al diálogo intercultural y su papel como sostenedor de la identidad cultural europea. La segunda parte estudia los vínculos existentes entre el Consejo de Europa y las políticas de la Unión Europea. Se dedica especial atención a los programas conjuntos con la Unión Europea, como los compartidos con la Comisión Europea DG GROW, DG-REGIO o Routes4U. Igualmente, se tratan los vínculos entre los convenios culturales de la UNESCO y la política estructural del Consejo de Europa en la materia. Finalmente, el artículo expone una serie de conclusiones relevantes en torno a las sinergias existentes entre las políticas de la Unión Europea y las del Consejo de Europa en la materia, contestando a la cuestión relativa a la razón de su importancia en el ámbito de la educación en materia de patrimonio cultural. Palabras clave: Patrimonio cultural, educación, Consejo de Europa, sinergia, convenios

Cultural security is a comprehensive notion that has gained much attention in the recent cultural heritage debates. In terms of the EU, it encapsulates cultural heritage destruction and protection in armed conflicts, post-war cultural heritage management, restitution, illicit traffic of cultural property, cultural diversity, and intercultural dialogue. The article aims to present how cultural security matters appear in the EU legal system and policy. The authors argue that cultural security is present in different policies regarding cultural property and the fight against illicit trafficking, as well as in EU external cultural relations. Digitization in the cultural sector constitutes a challenge, facilitates access to cultural heritage, and is an important tool for future cultural security. Therefore, EU law in the context of cultural security is analyzed. The authors took the Polish law as an example of how cultural security can be safeguarded while promoting an EU Member State’s jurisdiction. The paper’s educational part offers some ideas on creating and incorporating law and cultural security courses into varied higher education programs.

Since at least the 1990s, museums have expanded to cover a variety of societal functions, often enabling inclusive and participatory spaces for critical dialogue about the past and the future, and bridging together various narratives and cultural experiences, contributing to social cohesion and reconciliation. The new functions of museums, involving novel technological forms of display and communication, pose several legal questions concerning the management of such institutions, their resources, and exhibitions, including issues of copyright and other intellectual property rights. While referring to a recent case concerning an alleged infringement of the moral rights of the authors of the permanent exhibition of the Museum of the Second World War in Gdansk (MWII), this article examines the scope of copyright protection in new, so-called, “narrative” museums under Polish law. First it briefly scrutinizes main facts and circumstances of this case. Secondly, it discusses the current legal framework on the copyright protection of museum exhibitions under Polish law. Next, in light of the judgment rendered in the MWII case, the standard of legal protection of moral interests resulting from a museum exhibition’s design and its scenario (script) is explored. Finally, the article concludes with a set of observations concerning the extent to which copyright law may serve as a tool for protecting the integrity of museum exhibitions and their original conceptual design.

Jednorazowe pozwolenie na stały wywóz zabytku za granicę z perspektywy kategorii wieku i wartości – ochrona dziedzictwa kulturowego a rynek sztuki w Polsce