Objective: In today’s scenario, the herbal medicines are much efficient for the treatment of various disorders as they have minimal side effects incomparison to the allopathic medicines. Bauhinia variegata L. (Mountain Ebony), commonly called Kachnar, belongs to the family Leguminosae.It is a medium-sized tree, mostly found at an altitude of 1300 m in the Himalayas. The objectives of the present study are to investigate variouspharmacognostic, phytochemical analysis, and pharmacological properties of B. variegata.Methods: The powdered drug was used for estimating the loss on drying, ash values, fluorescence studies, chemical tests, and extractive values.Macroscopic and microscopic studies were also performed.Results: The leaf microscopy revealed the presence of upper and lower epidermis, palisade tissue, well-developed vascular bundle. The fluorescencecharacteristics of leaf powder were studied both in visible light and ultraviolet light (254 nm and 365 nm) after treatment with various reagents.Kachnar is composed of carbohydrates, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, amino acid. It was reported that the total ash value was 8.15%. The acidinsoluble ash value was 5.5%.Conclusion: The main pharmacological activities of B. variegata are anthelmintic, antiulcer, antitumor, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antigoitrogenic, and hepatoprotective. The present investigation provides the information on its pharmacognostic, phytochemical analysis, andpharmacological properties.Keywords: Flavonoids, Kachnar, Alkaloids, Antioxidant, Leguminosae.

The combination of molecular docking with personalised medicine represents a paradigm shift in drug development, providing unmatched accuracy in customising therapeutic approaches for specific patients. This collaborative effort utilises cutting-edge computational methods, including molecular docking, in conjunction with genetic insights to optimise and anticipate drug-receptor interactions. Revolutionary achievements could be further amplified by integrating large-scale omics data, artificial intelligence, and structural biology discoveries. Molecular docking and personalised medicine are developing fields that could lead to treatments that take into account each patient’s unique molecular profile in addition to previously unheard-of levels of accuracy in disease diagnosis. This revolutionary landscape will be further enhanced by future developments in quantum computing, CRISPR-based gene editing, and biomarker discovery. These advances will enable the realisation of a healthcare paradigm in which interventions are not only precise but also proactive, thereby realising the full potential of customised therapeutic strategies for improved patient outcomes.

Objective: The present study aimed at investigating the protective role of Madhuca longifolia ethanolic leaf extract flavonoid fraction against colchicine induced cognitive dysfunction and oxidative damage in swiss albino mice and to estimate the biochemical alterations in mice brain. HPTLC, total flavonoid and total phenols were also estimated in the study. Methods: The analysis was conducted on a colchicine-induced model for 28 d. Morris water maze and passive avoidance paradigm were used for conducting behavioral experiments, while biochemical parameters such as nitric oxide and glutathione were also estimated. Swiss albino mice (48) were apportioned into eight sets, each consisting of six mice. ANOVA (one-way) was utilized and then followed by the Dunnett’s test and finally outcomes were analyzed. Results: The total flavonoids content in Madhuca longifolia leaves was found to be (14.17±0.56 QE and 21.24±0.94 RE mg/g of dry material) and total phenolic compounds were 299.32±2.73 mg/g of dry material. Madhuca longifolia leaf extract indicated a substantial reduction in escape latency of mice in morris water maze. The transfer latency of mice in passive avoidance model showed a substantial increase. Conclusion: The Madhuca longifolia leaf extract presented a substantial increase (P<0.001) in GSH intensities and a major decline (P<0.001) in total protein, NO and AChE. Madhuca longifolia has neuroprotective effect against memory damage caused by colchicine.

The major cause of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, liver carcinoma and liver failure is Hepatitis C virus (HCV). NS3 is one of the attractive targets for therapy development for HCV as the N-terminal domain of the NS3 protein is a serine protein. NS3 protease acts by interfering with cellular mechanisms which are involved in the host immune response to an HCV infection and the inhibition of the protease is an efficient antiviral approach. NS3 protease inhibitors initially developed were: BILN 2061 (Ciluprevir), VX-950 (Telaprevir) and SCH503034. A combination therapy of injected pegylated interferon-α and oral ribavirin is regarded as the current standard therapy for HCV infection. Leucopenia, flu-like symptoms, thrombocytopenia, depression and anemia are some of the adverse effects of ribavirin. The compounds which constitute a benzoxaborole moiety interact with many biological targets and presents appreciable qualities. The acyl sulfinamide and the acyl cyanamide were shown to be potent P1 C-terminal groups in the enzyme assay. In a study, it is indicated that the aminobenzoyl sulfonamide fragment was identified as a novel P1 structural motif. New P2–P4 macrocycle inhibitors of NS3/4A were made up of a P1 C-terminal carboxylic acid have recently been developed. Potent tetrapeptidic inhibitors of the HCV NS3 protease have been developed by incorporating 4-hydroxy-cyclopent-2-ene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid as a new N-acyl-L-hydroxyproline were developed for the treatment of Hepatitis C. α-Amino cyclic boronates was designed and synthesized and incorporated successfully in several acyclic templates at the P1 position as HCV inhibitors. The boronic acid compounds acts as the HCV NS3 serine protease inhibitors. Some of the HCV-protease inhibitors are developed which are based on a 2(1H)-pyrazinone P3 scaffold in combination with either a P2 phenylglycine or a glycine. NS3/4A protease inhibitors constituting of quinazoline derivatives as P2 substituent were synthesized. The tripeptide-based inhibitors of the HCV NS3 protease containing a novel P2-triazole had been synthesized. A protease domain (NS3pro) and RNA helicase domain (NS3hel) makes a multifunctional enzyme: Flaviviridae non-structural 3 proteins (NS3). Crude ethanol extract from rhizomes of the Chinese medicinal herb Rhodiola kirilowii (Regel) Maxim was also used for the cure of Hepatitis C. A new series of HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitors bearing a P2-P4 macrocycle and a P1- P10 a-ketoamide serine trap has been studied. Key words: Hepatitis C virus, non-structural protein inhibitors.