Introduction: Social disruption associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) threatens to impede access to regular healthcare, including for people living with HIV (PLHIV), potentially resulting in antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption (ATI). We aimed to explore the characteristics and factors associated with ATI during the COVID‐19 outbreak in China.Methods: We conducted an online survey among PLHIV by convenience sampling through social media between 5 and 17 February 2020. Respondents were asked to report whether they were at risk of ATI (i.e. experienced ATI, risk of imminent ATI, threatened but resolved risk of ATI [obtaining ART prior to interruption]) or were not at risk of ATI associated with the COVID‐19 outbreak. PLHIV were also asked to report perceived risk factors for ATI and sources of additional ART. The factors associated with the risk of ATI were assessed using logistic regression. We also evaluated the factors associated with experienced ATI.Results: A total of 5084 PLHIV from 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in mainland China completed the survey, with valid response rate of 99.4%. The median age was 31 years (IQR 27 to 37), 96.5% of participants were men, and 71.3% were men who had sex with men. Over one‐third (35.1%, 1782/5084) reported any risk of ATI during the COVID‐19 outbreak, including 2.7% (135/5084) who experienced ATI, 18.0% (917/5084) at risk of imminent ATI and 14.4% (730/5084) at threatened but resolved risk. PLHIV with ATI were more likely to have previous interruptions in ART (aOR 8.3, 95% CI 5.6 to 12.3), travelled away from where they typically receive HIV care (aOR 3.0, 95% CI 2.1 to 4.5), stayed in an area that implemented citywide lockdowns or travel restrictions to control COVID‐19 (aOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.4 to 4.6), and be in permanent residence in a rural area (aOR 3.7, 95% CI 2.3 to 5.8).Conclusions: A significant proportion of PLHIV in China are at risk of ATI during the COVID‐19 outbreak and some have already experienced ATI. Correlates of ATI and self‐reported barriers to ART suggest that social disruptions from COVID‐19 have contributed to ATI. Our findings demonstrate an urgent need for policies and interventions to maintain access to HIV care during public health emergencies.

Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV make up the majority of cases in the current Mpox outbreak. We aimed to investigate the perception of and vaccine readiness towards Mpox among MSM living with HIV in China. Methods: This cross-sectional online study was conducted from 10 August to 9 September 2022. Participants responded to survey questions about their socio-demographic information, HIV status, sexual behaviors, knowledge of Mpox, and attitudes towards Mpox vaccines. Results: A total of 577 MSM living with HIV participated in the study. A total of 37.6% expressed concerns about the Mpox epidemic in China, and 56.8% were willing to get the Mpox vaccine. Men who had > four sexual partners in the previous three months (aOR = 1.9 95% CI: 1.2–2.8 Ref: 0), had close contact with > four individuals in a day (3.1, 1.5–6.5 Ref: 0–3), were worried about the Mpox epidemic in China (1.6, 1.1–2.3 Ref: No), and believed that Mpox vaccines are safe (6.6, 2.7–16.4 Ref: No or not sure) and effective (1.9, 1.1–3.3 Ref: No) for people living with HIV were more likely to be willing to get the Mpox vaccine. MSM living with HIV with a high school education or below (0.5, 0.3–0.9 Ref: Postgraduate diploma), and sometimes (0.5, 0.3–0.8 Ref: Often), seldom, or never (0.5, 0.3–0.9 Ref: Often) followed news about Mpox were unwilling to get the Mpox vaccine. Conclusion: The ongoing Mpox pandemic has not attracted widespread concerns among MSM living with HIV in China. Having more sexual partners and close contacts, worrying about the Mpox epidemic, and believing in the vaccine’s safety and efficacy were predictors of their willingness to get the Mpox vaccine. Efforts should be made to raise awareness of the potential risk of Mpox in this at-risk population. Public health strategies should fully address predictors of vaccination willingness.

Background: Re-emerging human mpox (previously known as monkeypox) is spreading around the world. According to existing studies, the current mpox pandemic mainly affects men who have sex with men (MSM), including male sex workers (MSW). Our study aimed to assess mpox knowledge and attitude towards mpox vaccination among MSW in China. Methods: A web-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted in August 2022. We collected participants’ socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge with 15 knowledge items related to mpox. Modified Bloom’s cut-off points of 80% (total score > 12) was used to indicate good knowledge. Multivariable regression analysis was used to assess factors of mpox knowledge and attitude towards mpox vaccination. Results: A total of 154 MSW were recruited (age: median = 22, interquartile range, IQR = 12). Of the 154 MSW, 49.4% had good knowledge of mpox, and 63.0% were willing to be vaccinated against mpox. We found that good knowledge was associated with being single [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.46, 95% confident interval (CI) (1.22–4.87)], being unemployed [5.01, 1.21–20.70] and willingness to be vaccinated [2.51, 1.14–5.54]. Willingness to get vaccinated was related to age [1.06, 1.00–1.12], chronic diseases history [8.53, 1.01–71.68], and agreement with “priority for high-risk groups if mpox vaccine is in short supply” [2.57, 1.01–6.54]. Conclusions: We found that MSW had suboptimal mpox knowledge and a high willingness to be vaccinated against mpox. MSW who are single and willing to be vaccinated may have good knowledge of mpox. These findings underscore the necessity of providing health education on mpox among MSW. When the mpox vaccine is in short supply, priority should be given to high-risk groups, such as MSW.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for a substantial fraction of anogenital and head and neck cancers (HNC). HPV-related cancers cause a heavy burden globally, with disparities across different cancers. We aimed to present an up-to-date global view of the patterns and incidence trends among HPV-related cancers. Methods: We collected data on HPV-related cancers from the GLOBOCAN 2022 database and the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents plus Compendium. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rate (ASIR and ASMR) were calculated to estimate the cancer burden. Spearman’s correlation tests were used to evaluate the associations with the Human Development Index (HDI). Joinpoint regression was conducted to evaluate the incidence trends in ASIR. Results: In 2022, 1,505,394 HPV-related cancer cases and 755,303 deaths were newly estimated worldwide, corresponding to an overall ASIR and ASMR of 20.9 and 10.2 per 100,000 people, respectively. Africa had the highest ASIR and ASMR compared with Asia, accounting for the most new cases and deaths. The primary cause was cervical cancer (ASIR 14.1 per 100,000 people); however, HNC exhibited the largest number of cases (685,204 cases). The total rates of HPV-related cancers were 1.3 times higher for ASIR and nearly three times higher for ASMR in low-HDI countries than in very high-HDI countries. A decreasing trend was observed for the ASIR of cervical cancer in most studied countries, compared to the increasing trends in HNC in females and anal cancer in both sexes. Conclusions: The global burden and trends of HPV-related cancers vary significantly among different cancer types according to region and sex. Particularly, cervical, HNC, and anal cancers should attract global attention. However, specific cancer types contributing to the heaviest burden should be identified at the country level to adjust resource allocation and improve access to quality health services.

(1) Background: We conducted a prospective observational cohort study to measure incidence, persistence, and clearance of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. (2) Methods: MSM were recruited in Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Wuxi, China in 2017. A tablet-based questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics. An anal brush sample was collected for HPV testing and genotyping. Participants were followed up 12 months after enrolment. (3) Results: A total of 196 participants completed two HPV tests with a median age of 27.3 (interquartile range (IQR) 24.0–32.8) years. Rate of incidence, persistence, and clearance for HPV among MSM were 31.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 24.7–39.2), 47.9 (36.8–61.3), and 122.5 (104.3–143.0) per 1000 person months (pm), respectively. HPV 16 (4.1/1000 pm) had the highest incidence rate, and HPV 6 (47.4/1000 pm) had the highest persistence rate. Having lower education and engaging in receptive anal intercourse were potential risk factors of HPV incidence. A higher incidence rate was observed among younger MSM. (4) Conclusions: The high incidence and low clearance of anal HPV highlight the necessity of HPV vaccination among MSM. Further studies are needed to clarify the HPV dynamics at multiple anatomical sites and the burden of HPV-related diseases among MSM.