1. Aneura maxima (Schiffn.) Steph.Contributors. G. Gospodinov and R. NatchevaBulgaria. Sofia Province, Ihtiman Sredna Gora Mts, NW of Gabra village, near Chukurovo coal mine, 23.603208°E, 42.548586...

Background: Mexico has an extensive record of vascular plants that are used by humans and associated with traditional ecological knowledge (TEK). However, for non-vascular plants like bryophytes, there is no consensus on how many and which species have any TEK associated with them. Questions: How many bryophyte species are used by humans in Mexico? What TEK is associated with them? Why is it important to document ethnobotanical information on bryophytes? Studied species: Bryophytes sensu lato . Study site and dates: Mexican territory. Time span covered by the studies reviewed was from 1552 to 2020. Methods: Information in published materials, repositories, and personal fieldwork records were used to build a database on bryophyte taxa associated with some TEK in Mexico. Results: According to available data, the bryophyte flora with some associated TEK in Mexico includes 36 species belonging to 30 genera and 23 families. The main use is ceremonial, although craft, environmental, medicinal, and ornamental uses are also reported. Conclusions: This study updates the number of bryophytes used as non-forest timber resources. Ethnobotanical records for Mexico are among the highest in countries that use bryophytes in human enterprises.

Forestry harvesting represents an important economic activity around the world. Habitat degradation due to forest harvesting contributes to biodiversity loss; therefore, it is necessary to implement logging management aimed at reducing its impact. Forest management by reduce-impact logging (RIL) involves cutting trees following regulations focused on diminishing the impact on biodiversity by following harvesting plans based on forestry inventories and participation of trained workers. In Mexico, RIL is applied mainly in temperate habitats and its effectiveness has been assessed based on vascular plants. In this study, we analyzed the diversity and community structure of terrestrial and epiphytic mosses in managed (sites number = 3) and conserved (sites number = 3) sites in the temperate forest of Sierra Juárez, Oaxaca, Mexico. Likewise, we evaluated the potential function of mosses as indicators of habitat degradation. Environmental variables were also quantified at local (canopy coverage, altitude, daily temperature, and light) and regional (total annual rainfall, orientation, and slope) scales to evaluate potential relationships with the community and species diversity. We documented 70 mosses species with a diversity (alfa, beta) and community structure similar between managed and conserved sites. For terrestrial mosses, we found marginal differences in their communities, likely related to species coverture variation in managed sites. The diversity and community structure epiphytic mosses were not statistically different in managed and conserved sites. Only the daily variation in light intensity was positively related to the variation of alpha diversity of epiphytic mosses. The species Dicranum sumichrastii Duby and Leptodontium viticulosoides (P. Beauv.) Wijk & Margad. can be considered as ecological indicators for conserved and managed sites, respectively, likely due to their relationship with light and humidity conditions. Our results suggest that that forest management by RIL could be considered as a promising tool to balance timber production and moss diversity.

Background: Uses and traditional knowledge (TK) are essential for the protection and management of natural resources. There are extensive records of traditional uses involving mainly vascular plants, while for mosses are scarce. This study documents the TK and uses of Dendropogonella rufescens in San Juan Luvina, Oaxaca, Mexico. Questions: For what purpose and how D. rufescens is used in San Juan Luvina? Can TK provide ecological information for this species? How is TK maintained among the members of the community? Studied species: Dendropogonella rufescens (Schimp.) Britt. (Bryophyta). Study site and dates: San Juan Luvina, Oaxaca, Mexico. March 2020. Methods: We conducted interviews with inhabitants from three age categories (15-41, 42-68, and 69-95 years). Interviews included questions about the length of time the community has used the plant, harvesting practices, traditional use per se, and plant recycling after traditional use. Results: Results include historical information about the use of the plant and TK grouped in seven categories (ceremonial, construction, craft, environmental, fuel, medicinal, and ornamental). These results include new reports of TK of bryophytes in Mexico. Conclusions: For the uses and TK reported, D. rufescens is essential for the cultural identity of the community of San Juan Luvina. D. rufescens TK could use to develop conservation strategies for bryophytes. As our findings suggest, TK and uses of bryophytes should be recorded because they are likely to disappear.

El sistema de tala de impacto reducido busca afectar mínimamente la biodiversidad. Sin embargo, su efecto sobre las poblaciones de mamíferos medianos y grandes ha sido escasamente explorado. En la sierra Juárez de Oaxaca, que presenta una alta diversidad de mamíferos medianos y grandes, se ha implementado ese sistema de manejo, lo que permite evaluar los impactos de esta técnica forestal sobre este tipo de fauna. Se estudió la diversidad y estructura del ensamble de mamíferos medianos y grandes presentes en áreas con tala de impacto reducido (n = 3) y áreas de conservación (n = 3). Los resultados indican que este sistema de manejo forestal permite mantener la estructura del ensamble de mamíferos de talla media y grande. Entre los factores que parecen favorecer esta situación son el tamaño pequeño de las áreas de manejo y la alta cobertura forestal circundante. La implementación de esta técnica en otros ecosistemas forestales puede ayudar a reducir el fuerte impacto que hay sobre las poblaciones de mamíferos silvestres en áreas bajo explotación.

Antecedentes y Objetivos: El bosque nublado de la Sierra Juárez, Oaxaca, presenta el mayor nivel de conservación y es el más grande en términos de extensión en México. Los musgos son un componente clave de la flora del bosque nublado y desempeñan funciones ecológicas importantes. Sin embargo, la composición y diversidad de musgos de esta región continúan siendo desconocidas. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron determinar la composición florística y estimar la diversidad α y β de musgos del bosque nublado de la Sierra Juárez. Métodos: La composición florística de musgos del bosque nublado, ubicado dentro del municipio Santiago Comaltepec, Oaxaca, fue evaluada a través de ocho sitios de muestreo. Además, se estimó la diversidad α y β de este grupo florístico. Los análisis fueron realizados para todas las especies, así como para los gremios de especies terrestres y epífitas. Resultados clave: Se registraron 102 especies de musgos, agrupadas en 64 géneros y 32 familias. De dichas especies, 13 son nuevos registros para el estado. Las familias más diversas fueron Leucobryaceae y Orthotrichaceae. Los géneros con el mayor número de especies fueron Syrrhopodon, Campylopus, Fissidens, Macromitrium y Pogonatum. En este estudio se reporta una alta diversidad α y β de musgos con un patrón similar entre los musgos de los gremios terrestre y epífito. Conclusiones: El bosque nublado de la Sierra Juárez, Oaxaca, es un ecosistema con una alta diversidad de musgos y gran posibilidad de incrementar los registros para el estado. Con base en los análisis de diversidad estimada, se hace evidente la necesidad de continuar estudios básicos a nivel microambiente sobre uno de sus componentes más característicos.